對

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See also: 对 and 対
對 U+5C0D, 對
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C0D
← 尌
[U+5C0C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 導 →
[U+5C0E]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Traditional 對
Shinjitai 対
Simplified 对

Han character[edit]

對 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿土木戈 (TGDI), four-corner 34100, composition ⿰⿱业𦍌寸)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 296, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7457
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 511, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5C0D

Chinese[edit]

trad. 對
simp. 对
alternative forms 対
𫴰
𡭊

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 對
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (對) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
對 *tuːbs
轛 *tuːbs, *tubs
薱 *duːbs
濧 *duːbs
懟 *dubs

In the oracle bone and bronze scripts, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 丵 (“tool for digging”) + 土 (“earth”) + 又 (“hand”). The original meaning of the character is unclear, but it may be “to develop (land)”. It was later borrowed for “to reply”. Compare 封, 邦.

In the seal script, 又 has become the related 寸. Shuowen has two seal script forms for this character: 𡭊 (main form) and 對 (alternative form). The main form, which has a 口 (“mouth”), was probably created to specialize the character to signify “to reply”, but this form was not inherited in later scripts. Shuowen interprets the latter form (shown above) as a form that Emperor Wen of Han created by replacing 口 with 士 (“soldier; warrior”) because many of the replies were untruthful (just lip service), but it is more likely that 士 is a corruption of 土.

Etymology[edit]

Exoactive of 答 (OC *tkuːb, “to reply; to answer”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: deoi3-2 - “couplet”.
Note: ùi - towards (a place).
Rime
Character 對
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都隊切
Baxter twojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tuʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tuoiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tuɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/twəjH/
Li
Rong 		/tuᴀiH/
Wang
Li 		/tuɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tuɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		duì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		deoi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 對
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		duì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ twojH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[t]ˁ[u]p-s/
English respond

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 對
Reading # 1/1
No. 2580
Phonetic
component 		對
Rime
group 		內
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		對
Old
Chinese 		/*tuːbs/

Definitions[edit]

對

  1. correct; true; right
    對啊！／对啊！  ―  Duì a!  ―  Correct!
    你說對了。／你说对了。  ―  Nǐ shuō duì le.  ―  You're right.
    Synonyms: 不錯／不错 (bùcuò), 沒錯／没错 (méicuò), 冇錯／冇错 (mou5 co3) (Cantonese)
    Antonym: 錯／错
  2. to treat; to deal with; to take on
    對症下藥／对症下药  ―  duìzhèngxiàyào  ―  to prescribe the right medicine for an illness
    對事不對人／对事不对人  ―  duì shì bù duì rén  ―  to concern oneself with acts and not with individuals (when settling an issue)
    你怎麼對人家，人家就怎麼對你。 [MSC, trad.]
    你怎么对人家，人家就怎么对你。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zěnme duì rénjiā, rénjiā jiù zěnme duì nǐ. [Pinyin]
    Others treat you the way you treat them.
    刀對刀，槍對槍／刀对刀，枪对枪  ―  dāo duì dāo, qiāng duì qiāng  ―  sword against sword; spear against spear
    廣東隊對香港隊／广东队对香港队  ―  Guǎngdōng duì duì Xiānggǎng duì  ―  Guangdong competes against Hong Kong
  3. (introducing the recipient of the action) towards; to
    Synonym: 向 (xiàng)
    你對他說了些什麼？ [MSC, trad.]
    你对他说了些什么？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ duì tā shuō le xiē shénme? [Pinyin]
    What did you say to him?
    從不對困難低頭／从不对困难低头  ―  cóng bù duì kùnnán dītóu  ―  to never yield to difficulties
  4. to; with regard to; concerning
    大家對你完全信任。 [MSC, trad.]
    大家对你完全信任。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dàjiā duì nǐ wánquán xìnrèn. [Pinyin]
    Everyone has complete faith in you.
    你為什麼對他那麼好？ [MSC, trad.]
    你为什么对他那么好？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ wèishénme duì tā nàme hǎo? [Pinyin]
    Why do you treat him so well?
    多吃蔬菜對身體好。 [MSC, trad.]
    多吃蔬菜对身体好。 [MSC, simp.]
    Duō chī shūcài duì shēntǐ hǎo. [Pinyin]
    Eating more vegetables is good for the body.
    你對什麼藥物過敏嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    你对什么药物过敏吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ duì shénme yàowù guòmǐn ma? [Pinyin]
    Are you allergic to any medications?
    你對這件事有什麼看法？ [MSC, trad.]
    你对这件事有什么看法？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ duì zhè jiàn shì yǒu shénme kànfǎ? [Pinyin]
    What are your views on this issue?
    佢對噉嘅嘢冇咩興趣嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢对噉嘅嘢冇咩兴趣嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 deoi3 gam2 ge3 je5 mou5 me1 hing3 ceoi3 ge3. [Jyutping]
    He doesn't have interest in that sort of thing.
  5. according to; for
    這個成績對我來說已經很好了。 [MSC, trad.]
    这个成绩对我来说已经很好了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge chéngjì duì wǒ lái shuō yǐjīng hěn hǎo le. [Pinyin]
    For me, this result is already very good.
  6. opposite; opposing
    對岸／对岸  ―  duì'àn  ―  opposite bank; opposite shore
    對方／对方  ―  duìfāng  ―  other party
    對手／对手  ―  duìshǒu  ―  opponent
  7. to face
    對著鏡子微笑／对着镜子微笑  ―  duì zhe jìngzǐ wēixiào  ―  to smile at the mirror
    窗戶對著馬路。 [MSC, trad.]
    窗户对着马路。 [MSC, simp.]
    Chuānghù duì zhe mǎlù. [Pinyin]
    The window faces the road.
    把槍口對準敵人／把枪口对准敌人  ―  bǎ qiāngkǒu duìzhǔn dírén  ―  to aim the gun at the enemy
  8. paired; contrasting
    對調／对调  ―  duìdiào  ―  to swap
    對立／对立  ―  duìlì  ―  to be in opposition to
    對照／对照  ―  duìzhào  ―  a comparison; to contrast
    中日對譯／中日对译  ―  zhōngrì duìyì  ―  Chinese-Japanese bilingual text
  9. to suit; to fit
    對心思／对心思  ―  duì xīnsī  ―  to think the same
  10. to match; to cause two things to match
    對對子／对对子  ―  duì duìzǐ  ―  to match an antithetical phrase
    對不上／对不上  ―  duì bùshàng  ―  does not match
  11. to respond; to answer
    無言以對／无言以对  ―  wúyányǐduì  ―  to be left speechless; to be unable to respond
  12. to check by comparing; to verify by comparing
    對答案／对答案  ―  duì dá'àn  ―  to check answers
    對筆跡／对笔迹  ―  duì bǐjì  ―  to compare signatures
    對賬／对账  ―  duìzhàng  ―  to check bills
  13. to adjust; to set
  14. to mix; to add
  15. to divide in half
  16. couplet
    流水對／流水对  ―  liúshuǐduì  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  17. Classifier for pairs of objects: pair
    一對夫婦／一对夫妇  ―  yī duì fūfù  ―  a couple
    兩對鞋／两对鞋 [Cantonese]  ―  loeng5 deoi3 haai4 [Jyutping]  ―  two pairs of shoes
    一對燕子／一对燕子  ―  yī duì yànzi  ―  a pair of swallows
  18. pair
    鍵值對／键值对  ―  jiànzhíduì  ―  key-value pair
    密鑰對／密钥对  ―  mìyàoduì  ―  keypair
    鹼基對／碱基对  ―  jiǎnjīduì  ―  base pair
  19. (Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) from
    我對基隆來。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    我对基隆来。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Góa tùi Ke-lâng lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I come from Keelung.
  20. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 對 (“correct”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 是
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 正確
Mandarin Beijing 對
Taiwan 對
Tianjin 對
Yantai (Muping) 對
Jinan 對
Wanrong 對
Xi'an 對
Yinchuan 對
Ürümqi 對
Wuhan 對
Chengdu 對
Guiyang 對
Guilin 對
Yangzhou 對
Hefei 對
Malaysia 對
Singapore 對
Cantonese Guangzhou 啱
Hong Kong 啱
Taishan 啱
Yangjiang 著, 啱
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 啱
Singapore (Guangfu) 啱
Gan Nanchang 對
Lichuan 對
Hakka Meixian 著, 啱
Xingning 著
Huidong (Daling) 著
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 著
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 著
Changting 著
Wuping 著
Wuping (Pingyu) 著
Liancheng 著
Ninghua 著
Ruijin 著
Shicheng 著
Shangyou (Shexi) 著
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 著
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 著
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 著
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 著
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 著
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 著
Kuching (Hepo) 著
Huizhou Jixi 對
Jin Taiyuan 對
Xinzhou 對
Northern Min Jian'ou 對, 𣍐錯
Eastern Min Fuzhou 著, 無綻
Southern Min Xiamen 著
Quanzhou 著
Zhangzhou 著
Zhao'an 著
Taipei 著
New Taipei (Sanxia) 著
Kaohsiung 著
Yilan 著
Changhua (Lukang) 著
Taichung 著
Tainan 著
Hsinchu 著
Kinmen 著
Penghu (Magong) 著
Penang (Hokkien) 著
Singapore (Hokkien) 著
Manila (Hokkien) 著
Chaozhou 著
Shantou 對, 著
Jieyang 對, 著
Singapore (Teochew) 著
Batam (Teochew) 著
Wenchang 著
Haikou 著
Qionghai 著
Singapore (Hainanese) 著
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 啱
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 對
Wu Shanghai 對
Suzhou 對
Danyang 對
Hangzhou 對
Ningbo 𣍐錯, 對
Wenzhou 對
Jinhua 對
Xiang Changsha 對
Shuangfeng 對, 是
  • (pair): (Cantonese) 啤 (pe1)
Dialectal synonyms of 對聯 (“antithetical couplet”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 吊子
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 對聯
Mandarin Taiwan 對聯
Jinan 對子
Wanrong 對子
Xi'an 對子
Yinchuan 對子
Wuhan 對子
Guiyang 對子
Singapore 對聯
Cantonese Guangzhou 對, 對聯
Hong Kong 對, 對聯
Dongguan 對
Gan Nanchang 對子
Lichuan 對子
Pingxiang 對子
Hakka Meixian 對聯, 對仔
Yudu 對子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 對聯
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 對聯
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 對聯
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 對聯
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 對聯
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 對聯
Jin Taiyuan 對聯, 對子
Xinzhou 對子
Northern Min Jian'ou 對聯
Eastern Min Fuzhou 對聯
Southern Min Xiamen 聯對
Quanzhou 聯對
Zhangzhou 聯對, 門對
Tainan 聯對 GT
Shantou 對聯
Leizhou 對
Haikou 對
Wu Danyang 對聯, 對子
Xiang Changsha 對子
Loudi 對子
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Dialectal synonyms of 雙 (“pair (of shoes)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 雙
Mandarin Beijing 雙
Taiwan 雙
Tianjin 雙
Chengde 雙, 對兒
Tangshan 雙
Cangzhou 雙, 對兒
Baoding 雙, 對兒
Shijiazhuang 雙, 對
Chifeng 雙, 對兒
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 雙, 對兒
Heihe 雙
Qiqihar 雙, 對
Harbin 雙, 對
Jiamusi 雙
Baicheng 雙
Changchun 雙
Tonghua 雙
Shenyang 雙, 對兒
Dandong 雙, 對
Jinzhou 雙, 對
Dalian 雙
Yantai 雙
Qingdao 雙
Lijin 雙
Zhucheng 雙
Jinan 雙
Jining 雙
Shangqiu 雙, 對
Yuanyang 雙, 對
Zhengzhou 雙, 對兒
Lingbao 雙, 對
Xinyang 雙, 對
Baihe 雙
Hanzhong 雙
Xi'an 雙, 對
Baoji 雙, 對
Yinchuan 雙, 對
Tianshui 雙
Lanzhou 雙, 對
Dunhuang 雙, 對
Xining 雙
Hami 雙, 對
Ürümqi 雙, 對
Wuhan 雙, 對
Yichang 雙
Xiangyang 雙, 對
Tianmen 雙
Hong'an 雙
Chengdu 雙
Nanchong 雙
Dazhou 雙
Hanyuan 雙
Xichang 雙
Zigong 雙
Chongqing 雙
Guiyang 雙, 對
Zunyi 雙, 對
Bijie 雙
Liping 對
Zhaotong 雙
Dali 雙, 對
Kunming 雙, 對
Mengzi 雙, 對
Guilin 雙, 對
Liuzhou 雙, 對
Jishou 雙, 對
Changde 雙, 對
Anqing 雙
Xuzhou 雙, 對
Fuyang 雙, 對
Wuhu 雙
Yangzhou 雙
Lianyungang 雙
Lianshui 雙
Nanjing 雙
Hefei 雙
Nantong 雙, 對
Malaysia 雙
Singapore 雙
Cantonese Guangzhou 對
Hong Kong 對
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 對
Macau 對
Guangzhou (Panyu) 對
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 對
Guangzhou (Conghua) 對
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 對
Foshan 對
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 對
Foshan (Shunde) 對
Foshan (Sanshui) 對
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 對
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 對
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 對
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 對
Zhuhai (Doumen) 對
Jiangmen (Baisha) 對
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 對
Taishan 對
Kaiping (Chikan) 對
Enping (Niujiang) 對
Heshan (Yayao) 對
Dongguan 對
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 對
Yangjiang 對
Nanning 對
Gan Nanchang 雙
Hakka Meixian 雙
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 對
Dongguan (Qingxi) 對
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 對
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 對
Conghua (Lütian) 雙
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 雙
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 雙
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 雙
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 雙
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 雙
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 雙
Huizhou Shexian 雙
Jin Taiyuan 雙, 對
Yangyuan 雙, 對
Datong 雙, 對
Xinzhou 雙, 對
Lishi 雙, 對
Linfen 雙, 對
Changzhi 雙, 對
Linhe 雙
Jining 雙, 對
Hohhot 雙
Erenhot 雙, 對
Pingshan 雙, 對
Zhangjiakou 雙
Handan 雙, 對
Linzhou 雙, 對兒
Suide 雙
Northern Min Jian'ou 雙
Eastern Min Fuzhou 雙
Southern Min Xiamen 雙
Tainan 雙
Manila (Hokkien) 雙
Chaozhou 雙
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 對
Wu Shanghai 雙
Suzhou 雙
Wenzhou 雙
Xiang Changsha 雙
Shuangfeng 雙

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (對):
  • → Japanese: 対(たい) (tai); 対(つい) (tsui)
  • → Korean: 대(對) (dae)
  • → Vietnamese: đối (對)

Others:

  • → Ai-Cham: toi⁵
  • → Vietnamese: đôi (“double”)
  • → Old Turkic: tāy (“pair , side”)
    • → Azerbaijani: tay
    • → Turkmen: taý

Further reading[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

対

Kyūjitai

對

Kanji[edit]

對

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 対)

  1. correct, right
  2. facing, opposed

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 對 (MC twojH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 됭〮 (Yale: twóy)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] ᄧᅡᆨ (Yale: pcàk) ᄃᆡ〯 (Yale: tǒy)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɛ(ː)] ~ [te̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [대(ː)/데(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

對 (eumhun 대할 대 (daehal dae))

  1. Hanja form? of 대 (“to answer; to reply”). [affix]
  2. Hanja form? of 대 (“to face; to confront”). [verbal root; prefix; affix]
  3. Hanja form? of 대 (“to be about; to concern”). [verbal root; prefix; affix]
  4. Hanja form? of 대 (“pair; contrasting pair”). [noun; affix]
  5. Hanja form? of 대 (“versus”). [noun]
  6. Hanja form? of 대 (“opponent; counterpart; opposite; contrasting”). [affix]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

對: Hán Nôm readings: đỗi, dối, đôi, đối, nhói, tối, tụi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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