y
Template:character info/new Template:character info/new
Translingual
Letter
y (upper case Y)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
See also
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter Y): Ýý Ỳỳ Ŷŷ ẙ Ÿÿ Ỹỹ Ẏẏ Ȳȳ Ỷỷ Ỵỵ Ɏɏ Ƴƴ ʏ Yy Ꝡꝡ
Pronunciation
IPA: (file)
Symbol
y
- (metrology) Symbol for the prefix yocto-.
- (IPA) close front rounded vowel
- Denoting an item that is twenty-fifth in a list.
Gallery
- Letter styles
-
Capital and lowercase versions of Y, in normal and italic type
-
Uppercase and lowercase Y in Fraktur
See also
Character=Y
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Other representations of Y:
English
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /ˈwaɪ/
Audio (GA): (file) - (phoneme): IPA(key): /i/, /ɪ/, /aɪ/, /ə/, /j/
- Homophones: why, Wye, wye
Letter
lower=y upper=Y
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
y (lower case, upper case Y, plural ys or y's)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, called wye and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
See also
- (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
- Historically, this letter was sometimes used to approximate þ, as in yt and ye (which see for more).
Noun
y
- Abbreviation of year.
- 2003, Howard Tanner, Sonia Jones, Becoming a Successful Teacher of Mathematics
- Consider the following questions selected from the tests and estimate the proportion of Y8 pupils you would expect to answer correctly.
- 2003, Howard Tanner, Sonia Jones, Becoming a Successful Teacher of Mathematics
- (UK, television) Abbreviation of youth., usually followed by an age appropriate for the content so marked.
- Y7
- (computing) Abbreviation of yes.
Adverb
y (not comparable)
- (slang, text messaging, Internet slang) Abbreviation of why.
Derived terms
See also
Aragonese
Etymology
From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.
Conjunction
y
Asturian
Etymology
From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.
Conjunction
y
Pronoun
y (y (or -y), plural ys/yos or -ys/-yos)
- Pronoun for the third-person singular indirect object.
- da-y pan
- give him/her bread
Usage notes
- Usually seen as -y
Azerbaijani
Pronunciation
Letter
y lower case (upper case Y)
- The thirty-first letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z
Catalan
Conjunction
y
Cornish
Pronunciation
Pronoun
y
Dutch
Alternative forms
- ij (in some words)
Pronunciation
Letter
y (lower case, upper case Y)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Dutch alphabet.
Usage notes
In certain dialects the letter is pronounced similar to IPA: /ji:/. In these dialects, they will actually write "y" such as in "jy" (IPA: /ji:/) instead of modern standard Dutch jij (IPA: /jɛɪ/).
See also
Fala
Conjunction
y
- Alternative form of i
Faroese
Pronunciation
Letter
y (upper case Y)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) bókstavur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Ð ð, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, Y y, Ý ý, Æ æ, Ø ø
Finnish
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Letter
y (lower case, upper case Y)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called yy and written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö
French
Etymology 1
From i grec (“Greek i”), referring to the letter upsilon (Υ), originally borrowed from the Greek alphabet, as opposed to "Latin i" (I).
Pronunciation
Letter
y
Etymology 2
10th century; from Old French i, from Latin hīc (“here”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-ḱe (“this, here”)), with meaning influenced by Old French iv (“there, thither”), itself from Latin ibī. Derivation from the latter poses difficulty from a phonetic standpoint.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
y (adverbial)
- there (at a place)
- Il est dans la maison. Il y est.
- He is in the house. He is there.
- there, thither (to there)
- Nous allons au Mexique. Nous y allons.
- We are going to Mexico. We are going there.
- Used as a pronoun to replace à followed by an indirect object.
- With verbs: see Appendix:French verbs followed by à for verbs which use this structure.
- (archaic) With adjectives. Only used with handful of adjectives (the most usual being y compris, which is a special case), mainly in legal language.
- personnes y nommées ― Persons named there
- procédures y afférentes ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- documents y relatifs ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- eaux y affluentes ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Related terms
Template:French personal pronouns
Etymology 3
Eye dialect spelling of il. or Contraction of il. .
Pronunciation
Pronoun
y
- (Quebec, France, colloquial) He: alternative form of il
- (Quebec, France, colloquial) They: alternative form of ils
- (Quebec, colloquial) They: alternative form of elles
Further reading
- “y”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Fula
Pronunciation
Letter
y (lower case, upper case Y)
- A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
See also
- (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ
German
Pronunciation
Letter
y n (genitive y, plural y)
- the letter y
Guaraní
Noun
y
Haitian Creole
Etymology
Contraction of yo.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
y
- Contraction of yo.
Ido
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 229: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "context pronunciation" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /j/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 229: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "letter name" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /je/
Letter
y (upper case Y)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Italian
Noun
y m or f (invariable)
- See under Y
Kabuverdianu
Etymology
From Spanish y and Portuguese e .
Conjunction
y
References
- Gonçalves, Manuel (2015) Capeverdean Creole-English dictionary, →ISBN
Kamayurá
Noun
y
- Alternative form of 'ɨ
References
- Languages of the Amazon (2012, →ISBN
Ladin
Conjunction
y
Latgalian
Pronunciation
Letter
y (upper case Y)
- The fourteenth letter of the Latgalian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, Ā ā, B b, C c, Č č, D d, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, Ģ ģ, H h, I i, Y y, Ī ī, J j, K k, Ķ ķ, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /yː/, [yː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /i/, [iː]
Noun
ȳ f (indeclinable)
- A name of the letter Y.
Synonyms
Coordinate terms
- (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta
References
- y in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Latin Grammar (3rd ed., 1895), page 1
- The Latin names for the letters… For Y the sound was used, for Z the Greek name (zēta).
Lithuanian
Pronunciation
Letter
y (upper case Y)
- The fifteenth letter of the Lithuanian alphabet, called i ilgoji and written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Č č, D d, E e, Ę ę, Ė ė, F f, G g, H h, I i, Į į, Y y, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, Ų ų, Ū ū, V v, Y y, Z z, Ž ž
Malay
Letter
y (lower case, upper case Y)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Mandinka
Pronoun
y
See also
Manx
Article
y
- Alternative form of yn
Mbyá Guaraní
Noun
y
References
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English iċ.
Pronoun
y
- Alternative form of I
Etymology 2
From Old English in.
Preposition
y
- Alternative form of in (“in”)
Middle French
Adverb
y
- there (in a given place)
- 1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 12:
- Or me dictes fist Lancelot, des lettres qui illec sont escriptes, savez vous qui les y fist mettre
- Now tell me, said Lancelot, about these letters that are written here, do you know who put them here?
Norwegian
Pronunciation
Letter
y
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
- Perhaps the most troublesome sound in Norwegian. Even some native speakers tend to merge it into /i(ː)/.
Old Tupi
Pronunciation
Noun
y
References
- LEMOS BARBOSA, A. Curso de Tupi antigo. Rio de Janeiro: Livraria São José, 1956.
Papiamentu
Alternative forms
- i (alternative spelling)
Etymology
From Spanish y and Portuguese e and Kabuverdianu i.
Conjunction
y
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Audio (BR): (file)
Letter
y (lower case, upper case Y)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Quechua
Adverb
y
Spanish
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Letter
y (lower case, upper case Y)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Spanish alphabet, called ye or i griega and written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Etymology 2
From Old Spanish é or e, from Latin et.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Conjunction
y
- and
- 1605, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Don Quijote de la Mancha1, Chapter I:
- Es, pues, de saber que este sobredicho hidalgo, los ratos que estaba ocioso —que eran los más del año—, se daba a leer libros de caballerías, con tanta afición y gusto, que olvidó casi de todo punto el ejercicio de la caza y aun la administración de su hacienda; y llegó a tanto su curiosidad y desatino en esto, que vendió muchas hanegas de tierra de sembradura para comprar libros de caballerías en que leer, y, así, llevó a su casa todos cuantos pudo haber dellos.
- You must know, then, that the above-named gentleman whenever he was at leisure (which was mostly all the year round) gave himself up to reading books of chivalry with such ardour and' avidity that he almost entirely neglected the pursuit of his field-sports, and even the management of his property; and to such a pitch did his eagerness and infatuation go that he sold many an acre of tillageland to buy books of chivalry to read, and brought home as many of them as he could get.
- Es, pues, de saber que este sobredicho hidalgo, los ratos que estaba ocioso —que eran los más del año—, se daba a leer libros de caballerías, con tanta afición y gusto, que olvidó casi de todo punto el ejercicio de la caza y aun la administración de su hacienda; y llegó a tanto su curiosidad y desatino en esto, que vendió muchas hanegas de tierra de sembradura para comprar libros de caballerías en que leer, y, así, llevó a su casa todos cuantos pudo haber dellos.
- 1605, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Don Quijote de la Mancha1, Chapter I:
- (in names of number) and
- setenta y seis ― seventy-six
- (in arithmetic) plus, and
- uno y uno son dos ― one plus one is two
- (informal) well
- ¡Y por supuesto! ― Well, of course!
- (informal) what about, how about, where is/are the
- Pero, ¿y el concierto? ¿Ya no vamos? ― But what about the concert? Are we not going anymore?
- ¿Y la niña? ¿Está a salvo? ― How about the girl? Is she safe?
- ¿Y los archivos? Debo echarles un vistazo. ― Where are the files? I should take a look at them.
Usage notes
- Before words that begin with the /i/ sound, the form e is used instead.
Further reading
- “y”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Turkish
Letter
y (lower case, upper case Y)
- The twenty-eighth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ye and written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) harf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z
Turkmen
Pronunciation
Letter
y (upper case Y)
- The twenty-eighth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called y and written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Sino-Vietnamese word from 伊.
Noun
y
- (archaic, literary) he; him; she; her
- 1958, Nguyễn Đổng Chi, "Thạch Sùng còn thiếu mẻ kho hay là Sự tích con mối" (Kho tàng truyện cố tích Việt Nam nr. 36), NXB Văn sử địa
- Hồi đó ở kinh đô có một người em hoàng hậu họ Vương. Y cũng là tay cự phú nổi tiếng tiền rừng biển bạc và xài phí vào bậc nhất.
- At the time, there was in the capital a brother of the queen of the Wáng family. He was also a famous for being immensely rich and was an extravagant spender of first degree.
- Hồi đó ở kinh đô có một người em hoàng hậu họ Vương. Y cũng là tay cự phú nổi tiếng tiền rừng biển bạc và xài phí vào bậc nhất.
- 1958, Nguyễn Đổng Chi, "Thạch Sùng còn thiếu mẻ kho hay là Sự tích con mối" (Kho tàng truyện cố tích Việt Nam nr. 36), NXB Văn sử địa
- (formal, derogatory) he/him, that jerk/prick/thug/criminal
See also
Etymology 2
Sino-Vietnamese word from 依.
Adverb
y
- (informal) exactly; precisely (like)
- y như ― exactly like/as
- y như thật ― so realistic (literally, “exactly like real life”)
- y chang ― very much like
Derived terms
Wayampi
Noun
y
- Alternative form of ɨɨ (“water”)
- ay'ú. ― I drink water.
References
- Handbook of Amazonian Languages, volume 4 (1998), edited by Desmond C. Derbyshire, Geoffrey K. Pullum
Welsh
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Alternative forms
Article
y (definite) (triggers soft mutation of a feminine singular noun, except ll and rh remain unmutated)
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Alternative forms
- yr (used before vowels)
Particle
y
- (literary) that (preverbal particle used to mark a subordinate clause)
- Wyt ti'n meddwl y gall hi ddod?
- Do you think that she can come?
- Mae hi'n gwybod y byddet ti'n gwrando arni hi.
- She knows that you would listen to her.
- (literary) which, whom (particle used with indirect relative clauses)
- y dyn y dysgais ei fab ― the man whose son I taught
- y ferch y gwrandewais arni ― the girl to whom I listened
- (literary) preverbal particle used to mark an affirmative verb in a main clause
- 1620, William Morgan, Y Bibl Cyssegr-lan, Genesis 1:1
- Yn y dechreuad y creodd Duw y nefoedd a’r ddaear.
- In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
- Yn y dechreuad y creodd Duw y nefoedd a’r ddaear.
- 1620, William Morgan, Y Bibl Cyssegr-lan, Genesis 1:1
Usage notes
- y is almost always omitted in colloquial speech.
- y is used to mean 'that' (i.e. mark a subordinate clause) when the subordinate clause begins with an affirmative form of bod not in the present tense, or another affirmative verb in any tense apart from the preterite.
Related terms
Zulu
Letter
y (lower case, upper case Y)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual letters
- Latin script characters
- Translingual terms with audio links
- Translingual symbols
- mul:Metrology
- IPA symbols
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English letters
- English nouns
- English abbreviations
- British English
- en:Television
- en:Computing
- English adverbs
- English uncomparable adverbs
- English slang
- English text messaging slang
- English internet slang
- Aragonese terms inherited from Latin
- Aragonese terms derived from Latin
- Aragonese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Aragonese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Aragonese lemmas
- Aragonese conjunctions
- Asturian terms inherited from Latin
- Asturian terms derived from Latin
- Asturian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Asturian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian conjunctions
- Asturian pronouns
- Asturian terms with usage examples
- Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani letters
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan conjunctions
- Catalan obsolete forms
- Cornish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cornish lemmas
- Cornish pronouns
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch letters
- Fala lemmas
- Fala conjunctions
- Faroese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Faroese terms with homophones
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese letters
- Finnish terms with audio links
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish letters
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French letters
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with homophones
- French pronouns
- French terms with usage examples
- French terms with archaic senses
- French eye dialect
- French contractions
- Quebec French
- French French
- French colloquialisms
- Fula terms with IPA pronunciation
- Fula lemmas
- Fula letters
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German 3-syllable words
- German lemmas
- German nouns
- German neuter nouns
- Guaraní lemmas
- Guaraní nouns
- Haitian Creole terms with IPA pronunciation
- Haitian Creole lemmas
- Haitian Creole pronouns
- Haitian Creole contractions
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido lemmas
- Ido letters
- Italian lemmas
- Italian letters
- Kabuverdianu terms derived from Spanish
- Kabuverdianu terms derived from Portuguese
- Kabuverdianu lemmas
- Kabuverdianu conjunctions
- Kamayurá lemmas
- Kamayurá nouns
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin conjunctions
- Latgalian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latgalian lemmas
- Latgalian letters
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin indeclinable nouns
- Latin feminine indeclinable nouns
- Latin feminine nouns
- la:Letter names of the Roman alphabet
- Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian letters
- Malay lemmas
- Malay letters
- Mandinka lemmas
- Mandinka pronouns
- Manx lemmas
- Manx articles
- Mbyá Guaraní lemmas
- Mbyá Guaraní nouns
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English pronouns
- Middle English prepositions
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French adverbs
- Middle French terms with quotations
- Norwegian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with audio links
- Norwegian lemmas
- Norwegian letters
- Old Tupi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Tupi lemmas
- Old Tupi nouns
- Papiamentu terms derived from Spanish
- Papiamentu terms derived from Portuguese
- Papiamentu terms derived from Kabuverdianu
- Papiamentu lemmas
- Papiamentu conjunctions
- Portuguese terms with audio links
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese letters
- Quechua lemmas
- Quechua adverbs
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish letters
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Rhymes:Spanish/i
- Spanish conjunctions
- Spanish terms with usage examples
- Spanish informal terms
- Spanish basic words
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish letters
- Turkmen terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkmen lemmas
- Turkmen letters
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sino-Vietnamese words
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese terms with archaic senses
- Vietnamese literary terms
- Vietnamese formal terms
- Vietnamese derogatory terms
- Vietnamese adverbs
- Vietnamese informal terms
- Vietnamese terms with usage examples
- Vietnamese personal pronouns
- Vietnamese third person pronouns
- Wayampi lemmas
- Wayampi nouns
- Wayampi terms with usage examples
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh articles
- Welsh terms with usage examples
- Welsh particles
- Welsh literary terms
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu letters