os

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "os"

Translingual

Symbol

os

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Ossetian.

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin os (“a bone”).

Pronunciation

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  • Audio (RP):(file)
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  • Rhymes: -ɒs

Noun

os (plural ossa)

  1. (anatomy) Synonym of bone.
    • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume III, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:
      I was once, I remember, called to a patient who had received a violent contusion in his tibia, by which the exterior cutis was lacerated, so that there was a profuse sanguinary discharge; and the interior membranes were so divellicated, that the os or bone very plainly appeared through the aperture of the vulnus or wound.
Usage notes

Used in anatomical terminology (e.g., Terminologia Anatomica) and sometimes by doctors and surgeons in practice, but seldom used by medical laypeople.

Hyponyms
Translations
Translations

Etymology 2

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ōs (“the mouth”).

Pronunciation

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  • Audio (RP):(file)
  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "GA" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ɑs/
  • Rhymes: -ɒs

Noun

os (plural ora)

  1. (anatomy) An opening or entrance to a passage, particularly one at either end of the cervix, internal (to the uterus) or external (to the vagina).
    Synonym: orifice
    • 1891, Texas Medical Association, Transactions, volume 23, page 175:
      The instrument closed, as seen in Fig. 1, is then passed along the finger to the os, in and through the cervix up to the fundus of the uterus, which may be determined both by the distance and the resistance to the broad rounded head of the Capiat.
Translations

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Swedish ås.

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA or enPR then please add some!

Noun

os

  1. An osar or esker.

Etymology 4

From o +‎ -s.

Noun

os

  1. (rare) Alternative form of o's.

References

Anagrams

Aragonese

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *lōs, from Latin illōs.

Article

os m pl

  1. the
    Os lugars d'Aragón
    The villages of Aragon

Usage notes

  • The form los, either pronounced as los or as ros, can be found after words ending with -o.
  • Some dialects use the form els, often shortened to es.

Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin ossum, from os. Compare Romanian os.

Noun

os n (plural oasi or oase)

  1. bone

Derived terms

Catalan

Etymology 1

From Old Catalan os, from Latin ossum, non-standard variant of os.

Pronunciation

Noun

os m (plural ossos)

  1. bone
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

os m (plural ossos, feminine ossa)

  1. (2016 spelling reform) Alternative form of ós (“bear”)

References

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse oss (“us”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɔs/, [ʌs], [ɒ̽s]

Pronoun

os

  1. us, objective of vi
  2. (reflexive) ourselves
  3. (pluralis majestatis) ourself
See also
Danish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
Singular First – jeg mig min mit mine
Second modern / informal du dig din dit dine
formal De Dem Deres
Third masculine (person) han ham hans
feminine (person) hun hende hendes
common(noun) den dens
neuter(noun) det dets
reflexive – sig sin sit sine
Plural First modern vi os vores
archaic / formal vor vort vore
Second – I jer jeres
Third – de dem deres
reflexive – sig

Etymology 2

Disputed.

Pronunciation

Noun

os c (singular definite osen, not used in plural form)

  1. smoke
  2. reek
  3. fug

Verb

os

  1. (deprecated template usage) imperative of ose

Daur

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *usun. Compare Mongolian ус (us).

Pronunciation

Noun

os

  1. water
    En osii ter nyadem waagw tunpund suree.
    Please pour water into that washbowl.

References

  • Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch osse, from Old Dutch *osso, earlier *ohso, from Proto-Germanic *uhsô.

Pronunciation

Noun

os m (plural ossen, diminutive osje n)

  1. ox (a castrated bull)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: os
  • Negerhollands: os

Fala

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Latin illōs.

Article

os m pl (singular o, feminine a, feminine plural as)

  1. masculine plural of o (the)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      En esti territorio se han assentau, en os anus que se indican, os habitantis siguientis:
      In this territory there were living, in the years specified, the following (amount of) inhabitants:

French

Etymology

From Old French os, from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Pronunciation

  • (singular) IPA(key): /ɔs/
  • (plural) IPA(key): /o/
    • Rhymes: -o
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  • After consonants other than /z/, the plural may alternatively be pronounced like the singular (cf. the same in œufs).
  • Colloquially, some speakers use the hybrid form /os/ for both singular and plural.

Noun

os m (plural os)

  1. bone

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Galician

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Vulgar Latin *los, from Latin illōs, accusative plural of ille (“that”).

Pronunciation

Article

os m pl (masculine singular o, feminine singular a, feminine plural as)

  1. (definite) the
Usage notes

The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con os ("with the") contracts to cos, and en os ("in the") contracts to nos.

Derived terms

Template:mid2

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

os

  1. accusative of eles

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese osso. Cognate with Kabuverdianu osu.

Noun

os

  1. bone

Irish

Pronunciation

  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Munster" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ɔsˠ/
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Etymology 1

From Old Irish oss, from Proto-Celtic *uxsū, from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn (“bull”).

Noun

os m (genitive singular ois, nominative plural ois)

  1. (literary) deer
    Synonym: fia
Declension
Declension of os

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative os ois
Vocative a ois a osa
Genitive ois os
Dative os ois

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an t-os na hois
Genitive an ois na n-os
Dative leis an os

don os

leis na hois

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Irish úas, ós, from Proto-Celtic *ouxsos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewps-.

Preposition

os (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

  1. over, above
Derived terms

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
os n-os hos t-os
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “os”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • “os”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Istro-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin ossum, from os.

Noun

os n (plural ose, definite singular osu, definite plural osele)

  1. bone

Latin

Etymology 1

ōs (mouth)

From Proto-Italic *ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os. Cognates include Hittite 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (aiš), Sanskrit आस् (ās), Old Irish á, Old English ōr.

Pronunciation

Noun

ōs n (genitive ōris); third declension

  1. mouth
    Synonym: bucca
    Hyponyms: buccula, ōsculum
    • Genesis, Vulgate 8.11:
      at illa venit ad eum ad vesperam portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis in ore suo intellexit ergo Noe quod cessassent aquae super terram
      But it came to him in the evening carrying a green-leaved olive branch in its mouth, therefore Noah understood that the waters above the land were coming to and end.
  2. (transferred sense)
    1. (in general) face, countenance
    ad aliquem ora convertere ― to turn the face towards someone
    1. Synonyms: (Vulgar Latin) cara, faciēs, frōns, vultus
    2. head
      Synonym: caput
    3. (poetic) speech
    4. mouth, opening, entrance, aperture, orifice
    5. beak of a ship
    6. edge of a sword
This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!
Inflection

Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative ōs ōra
Genitive ōris ōrium
ōrum
Dative ōrī ōribus
Accusative ōs ōra
Ablative ōre ōribus
Vocative ōs ōra
Derived terms
Descendants
  • → English: os

Etymology 2

ossa manūs (bones of the hand)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi) and Old Armenian ոսկր (oskr).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

os n (genitive ossis); third declension

  1. (literal, anatomy) bone
    "ipsorum ore respondent se lassis post viam ossibus non posse de lecto surgere..." Regula magistri
    By the same mouth they respond that, due to their weary bones after travel, it is not possible to arise from bed.
    1. (transferred sense) hard or innermost part of trees or fruits; heartwood
  2. (figurative) bones, framework or outline of a discourse
This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!
Inflection

Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative os ossa
Genitive ossis ossium
Dative ossī ossibus
Accusative os ossa
Ablative osse ossibus
Vocative os ossa
Derived terms
Descendants
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References

  • “ōs”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ŏs”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ōs”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “os”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • os in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1095.
  • os in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to praise a man to his face: aliquem coram, in os or praesentem laudare
    • to be in every one's mouth: in ore omnium or omnibus (hominum or hominibus, but only mihi, tibi, etc.) esse
    • to harp on a thing, be always talking of it: in ore habere aliquid (Fam. 6. 18. 5)
    • physics; natural philosophy: physica (-orum) (Or. 34. 119); philosophia naturalis
    • logic, dialectic: dialectica (-ae or -orum) (pure Latin disserendi ratio et scientia)
    • all agree on this point: omnes (uno ore) in hac re consentiunt
    • unanimously: una voce; uno ore
    • mathematics: mathematica (-ae) or geometria (-ae), geometrica (-orum) (Tusc. 1. 24. 57)
    • arithmetic: arithmetica (-orum)
    • arithmetic: numeri (-orum)
    • no word escaped him: nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei)
    • maintain a devout silence (properly, utter no ill-omened word): favete ore, linguis = εὐφημειτε
    • to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation: in eum sermonem incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore
    • (ambiguous) to draw every one's eyes upon one: omnium oculos (et ora) ad se convertere
    • (ambiguous) to be in every one's mouth: per omnium ora ferri
    • (ambiguous) to be a subject for gossip: in ora vulgi abire
  • Dizionario Latino italiano, Olivetti

Middle English

Pronoun

os

  1. Alternative form of us

Middle French

Noun

os m (plural os)

  1. bone

Descendants

  • French: os

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ös

  1. (personal pronoun, dative, accusative) Alternative form of uns.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Norse óss. Same as Latin os.

Noun

os m or n (definite singular osen or oset, indefinite plural osar or os, definite plural osane or osa)

  1. an outlet, estuary, river mouth (where a river runs out of a lake, or enters a lake or the ocean)

Etymology 2

Of unknown origin.

Noun

os m (definite singular osen, indefinite plural osar, definite plural osane)

  1. to fume, smoke
  2. to reek, malodorousness
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronoun

os

  1. obsolete spelling of oss.
    • 1770, Edvard Storm, “Guten aa Jenta paa Fjøshjellen”, in Den fyrste morgonblånen, Oslo: Novus, published 1990, page 233:
      Dæmæ venda os aat Bygden
      thus we turn towards the village

Etymology 4

Verb

os

  1. past tense of ase
  2. imperative of ose

Further reading

  • “os” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
  • “os”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems- (“engender, beget”). Cognate with Old Norse áss.

Pronunciation

Noun

ōs m

  1. a god (male)
  2. the runic character ᚩ (/o/ or /oː/)

Declension

u-stem:

Declension of ōs
Case Singular Plural
nominative ōs *ōsa
accusative ōs *ōsa
genitive *ōsa *ōsa, ēsa
dative *ōsa, ēse *ōsum

Synonyms

Usage notes

The dative singular ēsa (attested in “ēsa gescot” and genitive plural ēse (preserved in names such as “Esegar”) display i-mutation, despite being a u-stem. This is likely a fossilization from how u-stems were declined in Proto-Germanic, due to the word’s archaic meaning, rather than its active usage.

Old French

Etymology

From Latin ossum, popular variant of os.

Noun

os oblique singular, m (oblique plural os, nominative singular os, nominative plural os)

  1. bone

Descendants

  • French: os

Old Irish

Alternative forms

  • as, es, is (aberrant Würzburg forms)

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *sonts, plural *sontes (whence ot); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts.[1] Copular origin explains the use of independent subject pronouns with this conjunction, which otherwise are usually used with the copula is.

A more traditional theory, assumed by Pedersen and Thurneysen among others, supposes that this is a contraction of ocus (“and”), with the apparent copular behaviour being analogical.[2]

Conjunction

os (third-person plural ot)

  1. disjunctive conjunction

Usage notes

  • The conjunction takes on the form ot when used with the third-person plural pronoun é and os elsewhere.

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: os

References

  1. ^ Template:cite journal
  2. ^ Template:cite journal

Further reading

Old Saxon

Noun

os m

  1. Alternative form of as

Polish

Pronunciation

Noun

os f

  1. genitive plural of osa
    Synonym: ós

Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Vulgar Latin *los, from Latin illōs.

Pronunciation

 

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  • Hyphenation: os

Article

os

  2. masculine plural of o
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

See also
Portuguese articles (edit)
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Definite articles
(the) 		o a os as
Indefinite articles
(a, an; some) 		um uma uns umas

Pronoun

os

  2. third-person plural direct objective personal pronoun; them
    Encontrei-os na rua.
    I met them at the street.
    Synonyms: (indirect objective) lhes, eles, (prepositional) elas
Usage notes
  • Becomes -los after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.
    After ver: Posso vê-los? ― May I see them?
    After pôs: Pô-los ali. ― He put them there.
    After fiz: Fi-los ficarem contentes. ― I made them become happy.
    After nos: Deu-no-los relutantemente. ― He gave them to us reluctantly.
    After eis: Ei-los! ― Behold them!
  • Becomes -nos after a nasal diphthong: -ão, -am [ɐ̃w̃], -õe [õj̃], -em, -êm [ẽj̃].
    Detêm-nos como prisioneiros. ― They detain them as prisoners.
  • In Brazil it is being abandoned in favor of the nominative form eles.
    Eu os vi. → Eu vi eles. ― I saw them.
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:os.

See also
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct object) 		Dative
(indirect object) 		Prepositional Prepositional
with com 		Non-declining
m f m f m and f m f m f m f
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu te ti contigo você
o senhor a senhora
Third ele ela o
(lo, no) 		a
(la, na) 		lhe ele ela com ele com ela o mesmo a mesma
se si consigo
Plural First nós nos nós connosco (Portugal)
conosco (Brazil) 		a gente
Second vós vos vós convosco, com vós vocês
os senhores as senhoras
Third eles elas os
(los, nos) 		as
(las, nas) 		lhes eles elas com eles com elas os mesmos as mesmas
se si consigo
Indefinite se si consigo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

os m

  2. plural of o

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, from Proto-Italic *ōs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Compare Catalan os, French os, Italian osso, Portuguese osso, Sardinian ossu, Spanish hueso.

Pronunciation

Noun

os n (plural oase)

  1. bone

Declension

Declension of os
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) os osul (niște) oase oasele
genitive/dative (unui) os osului (unor) oase oaselor
vocative osule oaselor

Scottish Gaelic

Preposition

os

  1. (obsolete) over, above

Usage notes

  • Now used only in the compounds listed below.

Derived terms

Serbo-Croatian

Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sh

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *osь.

Pronunciation

Noun

ȏs f (Cyrillic spelling о̑с)

  1. (Croatia) axis

Declension

Declension of os
singular plural
nominative ȏs ȏsi
genitive ȏsi ósī
dative osi osima
accusative os osi
vocative osi osi
locative osi osima
instrumental osi osima

Slovak

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sk

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *osь.

Pronunciation

Noun

os f (genitive singular osi, nominative plural osi, genitive plural osí, declension pattern of kosť)

  1. axis (geometry: imaginary line)
  2. axle

Declension

Declension of os
singular plural
nominative os osi
genitive osi osí
dative osi osiam
accusative os osi
locative osi osiach
instrumental osou osami

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “os”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *osь.

Pronunciation

Noun

ọ̑s f

  1. axis (geometry: imaginary line)

Inflection

 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing. ós
gen. sing. osí
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		ós osí osí
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		osí osí osí
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		ôsi oséma osém
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		ós osí osí
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		ôsi oséh oséh
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		osjó oséma osmí

Further reading

  • “os”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin vos.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

os

  1. you, to you, for you; dative and accusative of vosotros

See also

Spanish personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular yo me mí1
plural masculine2 nosotros nos nosotros
feminine nosotras nosotras
second person singular tuteo tú te ti1
voseo vos vos
formal3 usted le, se4 lo/la5 usted
plural familiar6 masculine2 vosotros os vosotros
feminine vosotras vosotras
formal/general3 ustedes les, se4 los/las5 ustedes
third person singular masculine2 él le, se4 lo él
feminine ella la ella
neuter ello7 lo ello
plural masculine2 ellos les, se4 los ellos
feminine ellas las ellas
reflexive — se sí1
  1. Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
  2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
  3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
  4. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
  5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
  6. Used primarily in Spain
  7. Used only in rare circumstances

Further reading

Swedish

Etymology 1

Disputed. Possibly related to Latin odor, or alternatively Sanskrit वास (vāsa, “perfume”).

Pronunciation

Noun

os n

  1. (uncountable) (bad) smell, especially a strong smell originating from cooking

Etymology 2

From Old Norse óss.

Noun

  1. a river mouth; the place where a creek, stream or river enters into a lake
  2. (deprecated template usage) indefinite genitive singular of o

Declension

Declension of os 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative os oset os osen
Genitive os osets os osens

See also

Anagrams

Volapük

Pronoun

os

  1. (impersonal pronoun) it

Welsh

Pronunciation

Conjunction

os

  1. if (used with open conditions, i.e., those that are considered likely or plausible)
    Os ydw i'n iawn, felly rwyt ti'n mewn trafferth.- If I am right, then you are in trouble.

See also

  • pe (used with closed conditions)
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