Appendix:1000 Japanese basic words

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This appendix is a specific list of one thousand basic words. It is not a general vocabulary.

Please discuss additions to this list on the talk page.

All words on this list should be in Category:1000 Japanese basic words.

See also: Language Lover's Japanese Mnemosyne File (Work in Progress)

Nouns [edit]

People [edit]

Body [edit]

Family [edit]

Life [edit]

Animals [edit]

Plants [edit]

Crops [edit]

Food [edit]

Drink [edit]

Seasoning [edit]

Time and space [edit]

Directions and positions [edit]

Materials [edit]

Weights and measures [edit]

Society [edit]

Man made objects [edit]

Home [edit]

Tools [edit]

Stationery [edit]

Clothes [edit]

Transport [edit]

Language [edit]

Colors [edit]

Others [edit]

Numbers [edit]

Abstract nouns [edit]

Adjectives [edit]

Forms [edit]

Feelings [edit]

Verbs [edit]

Existence [edit]

in intransitive sense

Movement [edit]

Actions [edit]

in intransitive sense

Changes of state [edit]

Senses [edit]

Speech [edit]

Work [edit]

Emotions [edit]

Activities [edit]

tr transitive sense
in intransitive sense
† conjugates as a u-verb

Adverbs [edit]

Pre-noun adjectival [edit]

Interjections [edit]

Conjunctions [edit]

Terminations of verbs [edit]

  • う、よう – volitional ending [う for u-verbs, よう for ru-verbs]: "Let's…" or "I will" (u, yō)
  • せる、させる – causative ending [せる for u-verbs, させる for ru-verbs]: to make [someone do something], to allow (seru, saseru)
  • れる、られる – passive verb ending [れる for u-verbs, られる for ru-verbs]: to be <verbed> [e.g., 食べられる, "to be eaten"] (reru, rareru)
  • そうだ – indicates that it seems the verb occurs [e.g., "It seems he ate"] (sōda)
  • た – informal past-tense (ta)
  • たい – indicates desire to perform verb (tai)
  • だろう – indicates that it seems the verb occurs; also used to ask whether the verb occurs (darō)
  • ない, ん – informal negative (nai, n) [ん is a slurred version and sounds a little masculine]
  • ぬ – archaic informal negative ["he hath", "he didst", etc.] (nu)
  • ます – formal non-past ending (masu)

Particles [edit]

Case [edit]

  • が – subject marker, but (ga)
  • から – from (kara)
  • で – at, by (de)
  • と – and, with (to)
  • に – indirect object marker (ni)
  • の – possession marker, of (no)
  • へ – to (e) [Note: へ is normally read he, but when used as this particle its reading changes to e]
  • まで – to (made)
  • より – than (yori)
  • を – direct object marker (o)

Binding [edit]

  • は – topic marker (wa) [Note: "は" is usually pronounced as "ha", but pronounced "wa" when used as a particle]
  • も – as well (mo)
  • や – and (ya)

Conjunctive [edit]

  • および、及び – and (oyobi)
  • か – whether (ka)
  • かも – might be, possible that (kamo)
  • そして – and then (soshite)
  • それとも – or (soretomo)
  • だの – things like <list of things>, including, such things as (dano)
  • つつ – ongoing occurrence (tsutsu) [similar to ながら but has different tone, and both actions have equal weight]
  • て – te form of verb or adjective [see explanation]
  • と – when, if, that (to)
  • ながら – while, though, both (nagara)
  • ならびに – as well as (narabini)
  • なり – whether or not (nari)
  • に – to <somewhere>, by <someone> (ni)
  • の – possession (no)
  • ので – so (node)
  • また、又 – also, again (mata)
  • または、又は – or alternatively (matawa)
  • も – also, too (mo)
  • や – and (ya)

Final [edit]

  • ね – emphasis and question marker, equivalent to "right?" (ne)
  • か – question marker (ka)
  • な – the copula particle used after quasi-adjectives (na)
  • かしら – I wonder (kashira)
  • さ – -ness (sa)
  • っけ – particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information ["What class is next -kke?"] (-kke)

Adverbial [edit]

  • こそ – emphasis (koso)
  • さえ – even (sae)
  • しか – only (shika)
  • すら – even (sura)
  • くらい、ぐらい – approximately, about (kurai)
  • だけ – only, as much as (dake)
  • だって – however (datte)
  • ったら – casual topic marker (ttara) [colloquial form of to ittara (if you refer to ~; as for ~]
  • って – said that (tte)
  • でも – also, or (demo)
  • どころ – (particle used to indicate that what precedes it is an extreme example and strongly negates it) (dokoro)
  • など – for example (nado)
  • なら – if [for verbs]; subject marker [for nouns] (nara)
  • なんか – casual undervalue, dislike, lack (nanka)
  • なんて – casual undervalue, dislike, lack (nante)
  • は – topic marker (wa) [although ha is the hiragana used, wa is the pronunciation)
  • ばかり、ばっかり – just, full of, only (bakari)
  • まで – until (made)
  • も – too, also (mo)
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