串
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Translingual
Han character
串 (Kangxi radical 2, 丨+6, 7 strokes, cangjie input 中中 (LL), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻吕丨)
Derived characters
Further reading
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 80, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 80
- Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 30, character 2
- Unihan data for U+4E32
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
串 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 𰀁 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 串 | ||
---|---|---|
Shang | Warring States | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Pictogram (象形) – objects strung together.
Etymology
Cognate with 穿 (OC *kʰljon, *kʰljons, “to pierce through; to wear”), 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “to penetrate”).
Pronunciation 1
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Definitions
- to string together; to link up
- string; chain; series of objects
- 昭陽宮裡梳妝閣上,有一雙黃金寶串,原是金聖宮手上帶戴。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16th century CE
- Zhāoyáng gōng lǐ shūzhuāng gé shàng, yǒu yī shuāng huángjīn bǎo chuàn, yuán shì Jīn shèng gōng shǒu shàng dài dài. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
昭阳宫里梳妆阁上,有一双黄金宝串,原是金圣宫手上带戴。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- skewer
- Classifier for strung, bunched or clustered objects.
- to cross; to criss-cross; to traverse to; to mix (undesirably)
- (literary, or in compounds) to gang up on; to conspire; to collaborate
- 如今只消串出個人來嚇他一嚇,嚇出幾百兩銀子來,把丫頭白白送你做老婆。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE
- Rújīn zhǐ xiāo chuàn chū ge rén lái xià tā yī xià, xià chū jǐ bǎi liǎng yínzǐ lái, bǎ yātóu báibái sòng nǐ zuò lǎopó. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
如今只消串出个人来吓他一吓,吓出几百两银子来,把丫头白白送你做老婆。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- to pay a visit to; to visit; to move about
- 從小兒在東京時,只去行院人家串,那一箇行院不愛他! [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Shi Nai'an, Water Margin, circa 14th century CE
- Cóng xiǎo'ér zài dōngjīng shí, zhǐ qù xíngyuàn rénjiā chuàn, nà yī gè xíngyuàn bù ài tā! [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
从小儿在东京时,只去行院人家串,那一个行院不爱他! [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- (literary, or in compounds) to play a role; to act; to perform
- 客串 ― kèchuàn ― to give a guest performance
- (Cantonese) to spell a word in Roman letters
- (Cantonese, slang, may be derived from 串聯 during the Cultural Revolution) cocksure; arrogant; cocky
- (Cantonese, slang, by extension) to be cocksure; to be arrogant; to be cocky
- (Cantonese, slang) sarcastic
Synonyms
- (bunch):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 串 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 嘟嚕, 串兒 |
Taiwan | 串 | |
Harbin | 嘟嚕 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 嘟嚕 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 串兒, 抓兒 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 抓, 串 |
Wuhan | 掛, 串 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 掛 |
Hefei | 掛 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 抽, 藭 |
Hong Kong | 抽 | |
Yangjiang | 杛 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 掛 |
Hakka | Meixian | 串, 叉 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 嘟嚕 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 掛, 串 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 掛 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 捾 |
Quanzhou | 捾 | |
Zhangzhou | 捾 | |
Chaozhou | 球 | |
Shantou | 球, 串 | |
Jieyang | 球 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 串 |
Wenzhou | 串 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 掛, 梂 |
Shuangfeng | 絡, 抓 |
- (to mix):
- (to gang up on):
- (to pay a visit):
- 上門/上门 (shàngmén)
- 串門/串门 (chuànmén) (colloquial)
- 串門子/串门子 (chuàn ménzi) (colloquial)
- 參訪/参访 (cānfǎng) (formal)
- 坐人家 (zo5 ren2 ga) (Xiang)
- 坐尞 (Hakka)
- 拜望 (bàiwàng) (polite)
- 拜訪/拜访 (bàifǎng) (polite)
- 探問/探问 (tànwèn)
- 探望 (tànwàng)
- 探視/探视 (tànshì)
- 探親/探亲 (tànqīn) (to visit one's relatives or spouse)
- 探訪/探访 (tànfǎng)
- 登門/登门 (dēngmén)
- 看望 (kànwàng)
- 省親/省亲 (xǐngqīn) (literary, to visit one's parents or elders)
- 瞧 (qiáo) (colloquial)
- 訪問/访问 (fǎngwèn)
- 走訪/走访 (zǒufǎng)
- 造訪/造访 (zàofǎng)
- 過/过
- (to play a role):
- (to walk about):
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: guàn
- Wade–Giles: kuan4
- Yale: gwàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
- Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯än⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwaan3
- Yale: gwaan
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan3
- Guangdong Romanization: guan3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷaːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: kwaenH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤro[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kroːns/
Definitions
- † to get close to; to fawn on; to be obsequious to; to curry favor with
- † people on intimate terms
- † habit; custom
- † to joke; to banter
Compounds
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Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: huàn
- Wade–Giles: huan4
- Yale: hwàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huann
- Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯än⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
- Only used in 串夷.
- 帝遷明德,串夷載路,天立厥配,受命既固。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Dì qiān míngdé, Huànyí zǎi lù, tiān lì jué pèi, shòumìng jì gù. [Pinyin]
- God having brought about the removal thither of this intelligent ruler,
The Kwan hordes fled away.
Heaven raised up a helpmeet for him,
And the appointment he had received was made sure.
帝迁明德,串夷载路,天立厥配,受命既固。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
From 串 (MC *t͡ɕʰiuᴇnH, “skewer; traverse; visit; perform”):
From 串 (MC kwaenH, “curry favor; custom, habit”):
- Go-on: けん (ken)←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)
- Kan-on: かん (kan)←くわん (kwan, historical)
- Kun: なれる (nareru, 串れる)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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串 |
くし Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
/kusi/ → /kuɕi/
From Old Japanese.[1] Appears in the Nihon Shoki, finished CE 720.
Cognate with 櫛 (kushi, “comb”).[2]
Pronunciation
Noun
- a skewer, spit
- any slender object that can pierce other objects, especially:
- (Shinto) Short for 玉串 (tamagushi): a branch of a 榊 (sakaki) tree used as a Shinto offering
- c. 1120–1140, Konjaku Monogatarishū (book 24, story 51)
- 其の御幣の串に書付て奉りたりける
- sono gohei no kushi ni kakitsukete tatematsuritarikeru
- That branch of streamers, written and presented...
- 其の御幣の串に書付て奉りたりける
- c. 1120–1140, Konjaku Monogatarishū (book 24, story 51)
- Short for 幕串 (makugushi): a post used to hang a curtain
- (Shinto) Short for 玉串 (tamagushi): a branch of a 榊 (sakaki) tree used as a Shinto offering
- a candle's wick
- Synonym: 芯 (shin)
Derived terms
- 串揚げ (kushiage)
- 串柿 (kushigaki, “skewered dried persimmons”)
- 串カツ (kushikatsu)
- 串刺, 串刺し (kushizashi, “impalement”)
- 串焼, 串焼き (kushiyaki)
- 金串 (kanagushi, “metal spit or skewer”)
- 牛串 (gyūkushi, “skewered beef”)
- 竹串 (takegushi, “bamboo skewer”)
- 玉串 (tamagushi)
- 祓串 (haraegushi)
- 幣串 (heigushi)
- 幕串 (makugushi)
- 澪標 (miotsukushi, “dolphin, channel-mark”)
- 目串 (megushi, “suspicions, guesses”)
- 焼串, 焼き串 (yakigushi)
- 横串 (yokokushi)
Proper noun
- a surname
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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串 |
くし Grade: S (ateji) |
kun'yomi |
Clipping of プロクシ, from English proxy. Kanji is an ateji (当て字).
Noun
- (slang, computing) a proxy server
Derived terms
- 串鯖 (kushisaba)
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 串 (MC kwaenH).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 관〮 (Yale: kwán) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwa̠n]
- Phonetic hangul: [관]
Hanja
- hanja form? of 관 (“to become habituated to something”)
Compounds
Etymology 2
From Late Middle Chinese 串 (LMC *tʂʰyanH).
Hanja
串 (eumhun 꿰미 천 (kkwemi cheon))
- hanja form? of 천 (“string; chain; skewer”)
- hanja form? of 관 (“to string; to thread; to skewer”)
- hanja form? of 천 (“receipt”)
Compounds
Etymology 3
Misreading of Middle Chinese 丳 (MC tsrheanX).
Hanja
串 (eumhun 꼬챙이 찬 (kkochaeng'i chan))
Etymology 4
Related to Middle Korean 곶다〮 (Yale: kwòctá).
Hanja
串 (eumhun 땅 이름 곶 (ttang ireum got))
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Old Japanese
Etymology
From Proto-Japonic *kusi.
Cognate with 櫛 (kusi, “comb”).[1]
Noun
串 (kusi) (kana くし)
Derived terms
Descendants
- Japanese: 串 (kushi)
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Vietnamese
Alternative forms
Han character
串: Hán Việt readings: quán (
串: Nôm readings: xiên[2], xuyên[2], xuyến[2], quán[1]
References
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading つらぬ・く
- Japanese kanji with goon reading けん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading けん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading くゑん
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading かん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading くわん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading な・れる
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