家

See also: 傢, 冢, and 冡

家	U+5BB6, 家 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BB6

← 宵
[U+5BB5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

宷 →
[U+5BB7]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 286, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7169
Dae Jaweon: page 566, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 930, character 15
Unihan data for U+5BB6

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 家
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (家) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
家	*kraː
傢	*kraː
幏	kraː, kraːs
稼	*kraːs
嫁	*kraːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraː) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 豕 (“pig”).

豕 is an abbreviation of 豭 (OC *kraː, “male pig, boar”) (Shuowen Jiezi), a homophone of 家 (jiā) in Old Chinese. See 豭 for more on the glyph composition.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		家
2nd round simp.		𡦼

Wikipedia has articles on:

家 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
家 (Cantonese)

Cognate with Tibetan མཁར (mkhar, “castle; house”) (Schuessler, 2007).

嫁 (OC *kraːs, “to give a girl in marriage”) is the exoactive of 家 (OC *kraː, “house; household; family”).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiā, jia (jia¹, jia⁵／jia⁰)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚ, ˙ㄐㄧㄚ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jia¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җя (ži͡a, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaa¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ga¹
Gan (Wiktionary): ga¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kâ

(Meixian, Guangdong): ga¹
Jin (Wiktionary): jia¹
Northern Min (KCR): gá
Eastern Min (BUC): gă
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ke / ka / kiee / kia

(Teochew, Peng'im): gê¹ / gia¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ka; ¹jia
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jia¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiā
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jia
  - Wade–Giles: chia¹
  - Yale: jyā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jia
  - Palladius: цзя (czja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jia
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄐㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiå
  - Wade–Giles: chia⁵
  - Yale: jya
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .jia
  - Palladius: цзя (czja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ʑ̥i̯ä/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jia¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gia
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җя (ži͡a, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕia²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaa¹
  - Yale: gā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ga¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ga¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ka⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jia¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕia¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke
  - Tâi-lô: ke
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ke⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ke³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka
  - Tâi-lô: ka
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaf
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ka³³/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiee
  - Tâi-lô: kiee
  - IPA (Longyan): /kiɛ³³⁴/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kia
  - Tâi-lô: kia
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiaf
  - IPA (Longyan): /kia³³⁴/

Note:

ke/kiee - vernacular;
ka/lia - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gê¹ / gia¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ke / kia
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ke³³/, /kia³³/

Note:

gê1 - vernacular;
gia1 - literary (used only in operas).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ka; ¹jia
  - MiniDict: ka^平; jia^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ka; ¹jjia
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ka⁵³/, /d͡ʑia⁵³/

Note: 1jia is literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: jia¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯a̠³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 家
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕiɑ²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕia²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕia²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕia²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕia²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕia³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ 國～ /ka⁵⁵/ 人～
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕia̠⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiɑ³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕia²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕia¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiɑ¹³/ /t͡ɕiɑ⁵³/ 娘～
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕia³¹/ /t͡ɕiaʔ⁰/ 人～
Wu	Shanghai	/ka⁵³/ /t͡ɕia⁵³/
	Suzhou	/kɑ⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕiɑ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕiɑ³³/
	Wenzhou	/ko³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕia³¹/ /ka³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/kɔ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕia³³/ /ka³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kɒ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/kɑ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/ka⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kɑ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ka⁵³/
	Nanning	/ka⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/ka⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ka⁵⁵/ /ke⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ka⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ka⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ke³³/ /ka³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ka²³/ /kia²³/ /kɛ²³/

Middle Chinese: kae

Rime
Character	家
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古牙切
Baxter	kae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ka/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨ/
Li Rong	/ka/
Wang Li	/ka/
Bernard Karlgren	/ka/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaa¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤra/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	家
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiā
Middle Chinese	‹ kæ ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁra/
English	household
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	家
Reading #	1/1
No.	5919
Phonetic component	家
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	嘉
Old Chinese	/*kraː/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 家

home
回家 ― huíjiā ― to return home

我的家就在這裡。 [MSC, trad.]
我的家就在这里。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ de jiā jiù zài zhèlǐ. [Pinyin]
My home is here.
family; household
家庭 ― jiātíng ― family

家事 ― jiāshì ― family matters

陳家／陈家 ― Chén jiā ― The Chen family

我家有四口人。 ― Wǒ jiā yǒu sì kǒu rén. ― We are a family of four.
(polite, for family member) my
家父 ― jiāfù ― my father
domesticated; domestic
家兔 ― jiātù ― domestic rabbit

家貓／家猫 ― jiāmāo ― domestic cat
Classifier for families, businesses and companies.
一家餐廳／一家餐厅 ― yī jiā cāntīng ― a restaurant

兩家商店／两家商店 ― liǎng jiā shāngdiàn ― two shops

四家人家 ― sì jiā rénjiā ― four families
school of thought; philosophical school
儒家 ― Rújiā ― Confucian school

道家 ― Dàojiā ― Daoist School

一家之言 ― yījiāzhīyán ― one's own thought, opinion, interpretation, etc.
(historical, obsolete) fief of ministers or senior officials
- 若使天下兼相愛，愛人若愛其身：……猶有大夫之相亂家、諸侯之相攻國者乎？視人家若其家，誰亂？視人國若其國，誰攻？故大夫之相亂家、諸侯之相攻國者亡有。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  若使天下兼相爱，爱人若爱其身：……犹有大夫之相乱家、诸侯之相攻国者乎？视人家若其家，谁乱？视人国若其国，谁攻？故大夫之相乱家、诸侯之相攻国者亡有。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mozi, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version
  Ruòshǐ tiānxià jiān xiàng'ài, àirén ruò ài qí shēn:...... Yóu yǒu dàfū zhī xiàng luàn jiā, zhūhóu zhī xiàng gōng guó zhě hū? Shì rénjiā ruò qí jiā, shéi luàn? Shì rénguó ruò qí guó, shéi gōng? Gù dàfū zhī xiàng luàn jiā, zhūhóu zhī xiàng gōng guó zhě wáng yǒu. [Pinyin]
  Suppose everybody in the world loves universally, loving others as one's self: [...] Will there be mutual disturbance among the houses of the ministers and invasion among the states of the feudal lords? When every one regards the houses of others as one's own, who will be disturbing? When every one regards the states of others as one's own, who will invade? Therefore there will be neither disturbances among the houses of the ministers nor invasion among the states of the feudal lords.
- 王曰『何以利吾國』？大夫曰『何以利吾家』？士庶人曰『何以利吾身』？上下交征利而國危矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  王曰『何以利吾国』？大夫曰『何以利吾家』？士庶人曰『何以利吾身』？上下交征利而国危矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Wáng yuē ‘héyǐ lì wúguó’? Dàfū yuē ‘héyǐ lì wújiā’? Shì shùrén yuē ‘héyǐ lì wúshēn’? Shàngxià jiāo zhēng lì ér guó wēi yǐ. [Pinyin]
  If Your Majesty says, ‘Whereby may I profit my state?’ your grandees shall say, ‘Whereby may I profit my household?’ and your gentlemen and common people shall say, ‘Whereby may I profit myself?’ When those higher and lower compete with one another for profit, the state will be in danger.
Suffix denoting a person with a certain occupation or social standing. -er
船家 ― chuánjiā ― boatperson

行家 ― hángjiā ― expert; connoisseur
Suffix denoting specialist in a certain activity or field. -ist; -er
藝術家／艺术家 ― yìshùjiā ― artist

科學家／科学家 ― kēxuéjiā ― scientist

野心家 ― yěxīnjiā ― person of ambition; careerist
(in a game) party; side
對家／对家 ― duìjiā ― opposite player

莊家／庄家 ― zhuāngjiā ― banker; house
Suffix used after a noun to specify a type of person.
親家／亲家 ― qìngjia ― one's child's parents-in-law

仇家 ― chóujiā ― personal enemy

老人家身體可還好啊？ [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
老人家身体可还好啊？ [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
Lǎorénjiā shēntǐ kě hái hǎo a? [Pinyin]
Is the parent of yours well?

一個姑娘家，成天不想著學好，天天跟道上的男人鬼混，像什麼樣子！ [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
一个姑娘家，成天不想着学好，天天跟道上的男人鬼混，像什么样子！ [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
Yī ge gūniangjiā, chéngtiān bù xiǎng zhe xuéhǎor, tiāntiān gēn dàorshang de nánrén guǐhùn, xiàng shénme yàngzi! [Pinyin]
(please add an English translation of this usage example)
a surname

Synonyms

(family):

(deprecated template usage)

edit

人家
室 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
家子 (jiāzi) (colloquial)
家室 (jiāshì)
家庭 (jiātíng)
家族 (jiāzú)
戶家／户家 (hùjiā) (literary)
房頭／房头 (fángtóu) (literary)
親族／亲族 (qīnzú)

Dialectal synonyms of 家 (“home”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		家
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		家
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	家
	Taiwan	家
	Malaysia	家
	Singapore	家
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	家
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	家
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	家, 屋
Central Plains Mandarin	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	家
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	屋頭, 家
	Wuhan	屋裡, 家
	Guilin	家
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	家, 家頭
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	家
Cantonese	Guangzhou	屋企
	Hong Kong	屋企
	Macau	屋企
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	屋企
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	屋企
	Taishan	屋企, 企
	Kaiping (Chikan)	屋企, 企
	Dongguan	屋企
	Yunfu	屋己
	Yangjiang	屋己, 屋
	Maoming (Xinpo)	屋己
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	屋企
	Singapore (Guangfu)	屋企
Gan	Nanchang	屋裡
Hakka	Meixian	屋下
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	屋
	Huiyang	屋下
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	屋下
	Boluo (Bendihua)	屋
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	屋下
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	屋下
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	屋下
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	屋下
	Wengyuan	屋下
	Liannan	屋下
	Jiexi	屋家
	Luhe	屋下
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	屋下
	Changting	屋下
	Wuping (Yanqian)	屋下
	Liancheng	屋下
	Ninghua	屋下
	Ningdu	屋下
	Tonggu (Sandu)	屋下
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	屋下
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	屋下
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	屋下
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	屋下
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	屋下
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	屋下
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	屋下
	Hong Kong	屋下
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	屋下
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	屋下
	Xinyi (Sihe)	屋下
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	屋下
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	屋下
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	屋下
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	屋下
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	屋下
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	屋下
	Mengshan (Xihe)	屋下
	Luchuan	屋下
	Senai (Huiyang)	屋下
	Singapore (Dabu)	屋下
Jin	Taiyuan	家
Northern Min	Jian'ou	厝
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	厝
Eastern Min	Singapore (Fuqing)	厝
Southern Min	Xiamen	厝, 兜
	Quanzhou	厝, 兜
	Jinjiang	厝
	Zhangzhou	厝, 兜
	Zhao'an	厝
	Taipei	兜
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	兜
	Kaohsiung	兜
	Yilan	厝, 兜
	Changhua (Lukang)	兜, 塊
	Taichung	兜
	Tainan	厝, 兜
	Hsinchu	兜
	Kinmen	塊, 兜
	Penghu (Magong)	塊, 兜
	Penang (Hokkien)	厝
	Singapore (Hokkien)	厝, 兜
	Manila (Hokkien)	厝, 厝內, 兜
	Chaozhou	內
	Shantou	內
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	內
	Jieyang	內
	Haifeng	厝
	Bangkok (Teochew)	厝, 內
	Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew)	內
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	厝
	Singapore (Teochew)	內
	Wenchang	厝
	Qionghai	厝
	Singapore (Hainanese)	厝
Puxian Min	Putian	厝
Puxian Min	Xianyou	厝
Shehua	Fu'an	寮
	Fuding	寮
	Luoyuan	寮
	Sanming	寮
	Shunchang	寮
	Hua'an	寮
	Guixi (Zhangping)	寮
	Cangnan	寮
	Jingning (Hexi)	寮
	Lishui	寮
	Longyou	寮
	Chaozhou	寮
	Fengshun	寮
Wu	Shanghai	屋裡
	Suzhou	屋裡
	Ningbo	屋落, 屋裡
	Wenzhou	屋裡
Xiang	Changsha	屋裡
Xiang	Shuangfeng	屋裡

(suffix used after a noun to specify a type of person): 家家 (jiājiā), (Cantonese) 人家 (jan⁴ gaa¹)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ka / kāi / ka / kai

(Teochew, Peng'im): ga¹

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Tong'an, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Yilan, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka
  - Tâi-lô: ka
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaf
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Tong'an, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Yilan): /ka⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Lukang, Penang): /ka³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kāi
  - Tâi-lô: kāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kai
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /kai⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka
  - Tâi-lô: ka
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaf
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kai
  - Tâi-lô: kai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kay
  - IPA (Kinmen): /kai⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ga¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ka
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka³³/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 家

(Southern Min) Only used in 家己 (ka-kī).

Pronunciation 3

Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kha / khia / khia

(Teochew, Peng'im): kia¹

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kha
  - Tâi-lô: kha
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kʰa³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰa⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Sanxia, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khia
  - Tâi-lô: khia
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiaf
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /kʰia⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khia
  - Tâi-lô: khia
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiaf
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰia⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kia¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khia
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰia³³/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 家

(Southern Min) Only used in 私家.

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 家 – see 傢 (“stubborn, obstinate, intransigent”). (This character is the simplified form of 傢).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		家
alternative forms		價／价

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jie (jie⁵／jie⁰)

(Zhuyin): ˙ㄐㄧㄝ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jie
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄐㄧㄝ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jie̊
  - Wade–Giles: chieh⁵
  - Yale: jye
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .jie
  - Palladius: цзе (cze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ʑ̥i̯ɛ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 家

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 4

Cognate with 姑 (gū).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gū (gu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹
Eastern Min (BUC): gă
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ke / kee

(Teochew, Peng'im): gê¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gū
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gu
  - Wade–Giles: ku¹
  - Yale: gū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gu
  - Palladius: гу (gu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gu¹
  - Yale: gū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Tainan, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke
  - Tâi-lô: ke
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan): /ke⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /ke³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee
  - Tâi-lô: kee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gê¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ke
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ke³³/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 家

Only used in 大家 (dàgū).

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

家

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: け (ke, Jōyō)、く (ku)
Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)、こ (ko)
Kun: いえ (ie, 家, Jōyō)^{←いへ (ife, 家, historical)}、や (ya, 家, Jōyō)、うち (uchi, 家)

Compounds

家(か)屋(おく) (kaoku, “house, dwelling, residence”)
家(か)具(ぐ) (kagu, “furniture”)
家(か)族(ぞく) (kazoku, “family, household”)
家(か)庭(てい) (katei, “family, household”)
家(か)禽(きん) (kakin, “domestic fowl, poultry”)
家(や)守(もり) (yamori, “gecko”)
家(や)守(もり) (yamori, “guarding a house, or a person who does such; real estate agent in the Edo period”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
家
いえ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨ipe₁⟩ → */ipʲe/ → /iɸe/ → /iwe/ → /ie/

From Old Japanese.

Possibly related to 廬 (iho → io, “temporary hut”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

家(いえ) • (ie) ^{←いへ (ife)^?}

a house
one's own home
a home, household
- Kore Yamazaki, “第1篇　April showers bring May flowers. [Composition 1: April showers bring May flowers.]”, in [魔法使いの嫁](The Ancient Magus Bride) [The Ancient Magus’ Bride], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, page 17:
  
  ここが僕(ぼく)の家(いえ)　そして今日(きょう)から君(きみ)が暮(く)らす家(いえ)でもある
  Koko ga boku no ie Soshite kyō kara kimi ga kurasu ie de mo aru
  This is my home. From now on, you will live here, too.
a family

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
家
や Grade: 2
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

屋

Pronunciation

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Noun

家(や) • (ya)

a house

Suffix

家(や) or 家(suffix) • (ya or suffix) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|や]]

house of something, place where some business is conducted
person who does that thing

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
家
うち Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Cognate with 内 (uchi, “middle”).^[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

家(うち) • (uchi)

a house
one's house

Descendants

→ English: hooch

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
家
Grade: 2
irregular

Contraction of uchi above.

Often following the genitive case marker の (no) which contracts to -n.

Noun

家(ち) • (chi)

a house
俺(おれ)ん家(ち)に来(こ)ない？ ― Orenchi ni konai? ― Wanna come to my place?

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
家
か Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 家 (MC kae).

The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”), so likely a latter borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Suffix

家(か) or 家(suffix) • (ka or suffix) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|か]]

an expert, professional, performer

Derived terms

漫(まん)画(が)家(か) (mangaka)
投(とう)資(し)家(か) (tōshika)