Appendix:Swadesh lists for Dené-Yeniseian languages
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Below are Swadesh lists of various Dené–Yeniseian languages. Dené–Yeniseian is a putative language family consisting of the Yeniseian languages of western Siberia and the Na-Dené languages of northwestern North America.
The following languages are included:
- Ket (Western Siberia, Russia) — Yeniseian language
- Tlingit (Southeastern Alaska, United States) — isolated Na-Dené branch
- Navajo (Arizona and New Mexico, United States) — South Athabaskan language
- Dena'ina (South-central Alaska, United States) — North Athabaskan language
- Hupa (Northwestern California, United States) — Pacific Athabaskan language
- Kott (Western Siberia, Russia) — Yeniseian language
List [edit]
| № | English | Ket | Tlingit | Navajo | Dena'ina | Hupa | Slavey | Kott | Lang8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | āt | x̱át | shí | shi | ai | |||
| 2 | you (singular) |
ū | wa.é | ni | ni | au | |||
| 3 | he | bū | hú | bí | be- | uju, hutu | |||
| 4 | we | ə̄t | uháan | nihí | na- | nehe | ajoŋ | ||
| 5 | you (plural) |
ə̄k | yeewháan | nihí | h- | auoŋ | |||
| 6 | they | būŋ | hás | bí | yina, qu- | xong | uniaŋ, hatien | ||
| 7 | this | kire | díí | gini | |||||
| 8 | that | ture, qare | éí | ghini | |||||
| 9 | here | kiseŋ | kwii, kweʼé | ey gu | |||||
| 10 | there | qaseŋ | níláahdi | yeh | |||||
| 11 | who | ana | háí | vada | |||||
| 12 | what | akus | daa | yada | |||||
| 13 | where | biles | háadi | ndaha | |||||
| 14 | when | aska | hahgo | hnuyu | |||||
| 15 | how | bila | haa | ch'adach' | |||||
| 16 | not | bə̄n | doo | nch'u | |||||
| 17 | all | bɯlda | tʼáá ałtso | t'anch'q'u, łuq'u | |||||
| 18 | many | oˀn | łą́ | ||||||
| 19 | some | samla | łaʼ | ||||||
| 20 | few | qomat | tʼáá díkwíí | dnaghelchiq' | |||||
| 21 | other | bīk | łaʼígíí | ighil'i | |||||
| 22 | one | qūs | tléix' | łáaʼii, tʼááłáʼí | ts'iłq'i | łaʼ | líe | hu:cha | |
| 23 | two | ɯ̄n | déix̱ | naaki | nutiha | nahx | ǫki | i:na | |
| 24 | three | doˀŋ | nás'k | tááʼ | tuq'i | taaqʼ | tai | to:nga | |
| 25 | four | sīk | daax'oon | dį́į́ʼ | denk'i | dink | dįį | shégang | |
| 26 | five | qāk | keijín | ashdlaʼ | ch'qilu | chwolaʼ | sųlái | xe:gä | |
| 27 | big | qaˀ | ya-gei | nitsaa | ka'a | ||||
| 28 | long | ugde | li-yaat' | nineez | dghiłnaz | ||||
| 29 | wide | qiil | ya-woox̱' | nteel | dghiłtal | ||||
| 30 | thick | boˀl, bəsl, sūk | si-kaak | áníłtsááz | dghiłtsuz | ||||
| 31 | heavy | səə | shi-g̱aax̱' | ndaaz | dghiłduz | ||||
| 32 | small | həna | ya-géik' | yázhí | gguya | ||||
| 33 | short | hitim | ya-yaatl' | áłtsʼíísí | dghiłggech' | ||||
| 34 | narrow | tòʁ | ya-saa | áłtsʼóózí | dghiłdit | ||||
| 35 | thin | haksem, toʁoj | shi-g̱aax̱' (animals) | áłtʼą́ą́ʼígo | |||||
| 36 | woman | qīm | shaawát | asdzání | k'isen | ||||
| 37 | man (adult male) |
hīɣ | ḵáa | hastiin | quht'ana | ||||
| 38 | man (human being) |
keˀt, deng pl | a ḵwáan | diné | qut'ana | ||||
| 39 | child (a youth) |
dɯ̄l | k'átsk'u | áłchíní | ch'anigen | ||||
| 40 | wife | qīm | shát | hweʼesdzáán | -'u | ||||
| 41 | husband | tēt | x̱úx̱ | hahastiin | -qen | ||||
| 42 | mother | ām | tláa | amá | -unkda | ||||
| 43 | father | ōp | éesh | azhéʼé | -tukda | ||||
| 44 | animal | assel | naaldeehii | ||||||
| 45 | fish | īs | l'ook, x̱áat (salmon) | łóóʼ | łiq'a | ||||
| 46 | bird | keŋassel | tsídii | ggaggashla | |||||
| 47 | dog | tīp | keitl | łééchąąʼí | łik'a | ||||
| 48 | louse | ə̀ɣ | wéis' | yaaʼ | eyu | ||||
| 49 | snake | tìɣ | l'ut'tláaḵ | tłʼiish | |||||
| 50 | worm | utiɣ | tl'úk'x̱ | chʼosh | |||||
| 51 | tree | ōks | aas | tsin | |||||
| 52 | forest | hɯssej, areŋ | aas gutú | tsintah | |||||
| 53 | stick (of wood) |
ə̄ɣ | gish | chik'a (wood) | |||||
| 54 | fruit | neestʼą́ | |||||||
| 55 | seed | īm | tukayátx'i | akʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ | |||||
| 56 | leaf | əə | kayaaní | atʼąąʼ | k't'tun | ||||
| 57 | root | tìr | x̱aat | bikétłʼóól | |||||
| 58 | bark (of tree) |
iŋolt | bitáshtʼóózh | k'elut'ich'a | |||||
| 59 | flower | aqta daan | ḵ'eikaxwéin | chʼil bílátah hózhóón | ashana | ||||
| 60 | grass | daan | x̱aatl', sooḵ | tłʼoh | k'echan | ||||
| 61 | rope | àŋ | tíx' | tłʼóół | tl'ił | ||||
| 62 | skin (of a person) |
iŋolt | doogú | akágí | ses, yes | ||||
| 63 | meat (as in flesh) |
īs | dleey | atsįʼ | k'tsen | ||||
| 64 | blood | sūl | shé, sheiyí | dił | del | ||||
| 65 | bone | aˀt | s'aagí | tsʼin | ts'en | ||||
| 66 | fat (noun) |
kiˀt | taay | akʼah | k'eq'eh | ||||
| 67 | egg | eˀj | k'wát' | ayęęzhii | k'eghazha | ||||
| 68 | horn | qoˀ | sheidí | adeeʼ | k'da | ||||
| 69 | tail | huut, hiˀs | l'eedí | atseeʼ | -ka | ||||
| 70 | feather (rather not down) |
às | t'aaw | atʼaʼ | k't'u | ||||
| 71 | hair | tə̄ŋ | shax̱aawú | atsiiʼ | -tsighu | ||||
| 72 | head | kəjga | shá | atsiiʼ | -tsi, -kin'i | ||||
| 73 | ear | ogde | gúk | ajaaʼ | -jegha | ||||
| 74 | eye | dēs | waaḵ | anááʼ | -nu'u, -nagha | ||||
| 75 | nose | olən | lú | áchį́į́h | -nchix | ||||
| 76 | mouth | qō | x̱'é | azééʼ | -zaq' | ||||
| 77 | tooth (rather not molar) |
ìt | oox̱ | awooʼ | -ghi | ||||
| 78 | tongue | ēj | l'óot' | atsooʼ | -tsila | ||||
| 79 | fingernail | ìn | x̱aakw | áláshgaan | -luggena | ||||
| 80 | foot | kiˀs | x̱'oos | akeeʼ | -qa | ||||
| 81 | leg | qopqul, qopqu | saayee | ajáád | -qatl'na | ||||
| 82 | knee | batpul | keey | agod | -ch'esh | ||||
| 83 | hand | laŋat | jín | álaʼ | -lu, -gguna | ||||
| 84 | wing | keˀs | kíji | atʼaʼ | -ch'enla | ||||
| 85 | belly | hɯ̄j | yoowú | abid | -vet' | ||||
| 86 | guts | tùl | naasí | achʼííʼ | -chutl'a (stomach) | ||||
| 87 | neck | kə̄qt | ld'x̱' | akʼos | -q'es | ||||
| 88 | back | qovet | déx̱' | anághah | -iniq' | ||||
| 89 | breast | maˀm | l'aa | ayid | -t'uyts'ena (chest) | ||||
| 90 | heart | huu | téix̱' | ajéídíshjool, ajéí | -kuz'in | ||||
| 91 | liver | sēŋ | tl'óog̱u | azid | -zet' | ||||
| 92 | to drink | dop | di-naa | adlą́ | k'etnun | ||||
| 93 | to eat | sìj | ya-x̱aa | ayą́, yiyą́ | k'elqat | ||||
| 94 | to bite | laptaq | ya-yeeḵ | adiłhash | |||||
| 95 | to suck | ut | li-l'aa | ałtʼoʼ, yitsʼǫǫs | k'ełt'et' | ||||
| 96 | to spit | ultij | ḵ'a-di-toox̱ | jidizhah | tezhah | ||||
| 97 | to vomit | kɯˀŋ | dli-ḵoo | nákwi | nuk'ełvaq' | ||||
| 98 | to blow (as wind) |
bēj | ya-.oox | doochʼih, yisoł, deeyol | |||||
| 99 | to breathe | ilbet | di-saa | hanéíyol, ńdísdzih, yisdah nízin | |||||
| 100 | to laugh | dàʁ | ya-shooḵ | anádloh | nk'edleq' | ||||
| 101 | to see | tōŋ | ya-teen | nílʼį́, yooʼį́ | |||||
| 102 | to hear | eqsaq | ya-.aax̱ | adiitsʼaʼ | |||||
| 103 | to know (a fact) |
it - am | si-koo | hashniih | |||||
| 104 | to think | anbet | ya-jee | neeshtʼááʼ | |||||
| 105 | to smell (sense odor) |
īt | dzi-neex' | honishchin | |||||
| 106 | to fear | qoran (noun) | akadlix̱eetl' | yináldzid | |||||
| 107 | to sleep | usen | ya-taa | ałhosh | veł, nuł (noun) | ||||
| 108 | to live | dəˀq | ya-tseen | hinílá | |||||
| 109 | to die | qoreŋ | ya-naa | daatsaah | |||||
| 110 | to kill | èj | ya-jaaḵ | yiyiiłhé | |||||
| 111 | to fight | kàl | ḵu-li-gaaw | daʼahijigą́ | |||||
| 112 | to hunt (transitive) |
assano | a-ya-l'oon | njiljeeh | shtuniyu | ||||
| 113 | to hit | tàr | sha-ya-x̱eech | jooł jiikał | |||||
| 114 | to cut | doo | ya-xaash | niyiiłgeesh | |||||
| 115 | to split | untet | li-x̱oot' | ałtániiłgizh, hadiiłkaal | |||||
| 116 | to stab (or stick) |
dontet | ya-gwaal | iijííł | |||||
| 117 | to scratch (an itch) |
inkit | ka-ya-x'oot' | deeshchʼił | |||||
| 118 | to dig | qɯ̀r | ka-ya-haa | hadahojigeed | |||||
| 119 | to swim | sùj | di-t'aach | nihiʼníłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ | nughebał | ||||
| 120 | to fly | dòq | di-ḵeen | ndaatʼaʼ | nut'eh | ||||
| 121 | to walk | ejiŋ | ya-goot | joogááł | gheyuł(sg. go) | ||||
| 122 | to come | igbes | ḵu-ya-teen | jiníyá, yílyeed | niyu | ||||
| 123 | to lie (as on one's side) |
t-tn | ya-tee | sitį́, jiztį́ | ztan | ||||
| 124 | to sit | ūŋ | ya-nook | sidá, jizdá | zdu | ||||
| 125 | to stand | īn | ya-haan | yiizįįh | san | ||||
| 126 | to turn (change direction) |
ta - kil | a-ya-di-goot | néizgiz | |||||
| 127 | to fall (as in drop) |
dəqŋ | ka-li-soos (drop) | jootłish | |||||
| 128 | to give | qəreŋ | ḵaa jèe | yeiyíʼaah | |||||
| 129 | to hold (in one's hand) |
utoq | li-shaat | dah yootįįł | |||||
| 130 | to squeeze | hataŋbet | li-g̱oots | ałchʼįʼjiinih | |||||
| 131 | to rub | kīt | lli-g̱eex̱' | bídinéyiizh | |||||
| 132 | to wash | ulgaŋ | ya-.oos' | iigis, tánéígis | |||||
| 133 | to wipe | abbet | li-g̱oo | yitʼood | |||||
| 134 | to pull | tàŋ | si-yeeL | déloʼ | |||||
| 135 | to push | telaŋij | ya-gooḵ | bíjooyił, naaʼííłhad | |||||
| 136 | to throw | esdaq | ya-g̱eech | iijiłneʼ, ajiiłhan | |||||
| 137 | to tie | aŋej | ya-doox' | beʼjitłʼó | du | ||||
| 138 | to sew | həlsej | ya-ḵaa | náʼálkad | q'a | ||||
| 139 | to count | dèr | dzi-toow | óltaʼ | |||||
| 140 | to say | saɣabet | ya-ya-ḵaa | jiní | ya | ||||
| 141 | to sing | iˀl | ya-shee | hataał | |||||
| 142 | to play | aniŋbet | ḵudzi.ook' (quietly) | naané | chi | ||||
| 143 | to float | doqŋ | li-haash, a-ka-ya-haa | dah naaʼeeł | |||||
| 144 | to flow | qɯ̄n | ya-daa | nílí | |||||
| 145 | to freeze | təəl | li-t'eex' | dootį́į́ł | |||||
| 146 | to swell | hɯˀŋ (noun) | dli-x'ees' | dínóochał | |||||
| 147 | sun | ī | g̱agaan: | shá, jóhonaaʼéí | ni'i, nu'uy | ||||
| 148 | moon | qīp | dís | ooljééʼ | geljay | ||||
| 149 | star | qòʁ | ḵutx̱ ayanahá | sǫʼ | sem | ||||
| 150 | water | ūl | héen, éil' (ocean) | tó | tu, minłni | ||||
| 151 | to rain | qòʁ | séew, sóow | nahałtin | ełkun | ||||
| 152 | river | sēs, qōks | héen | tooh nílíní | k'etnu | ||||
| 153 | lake | deˀ | áa | tooh | ven | ||||
| 154 | sea (as in ocean) |
mora (Russian) | éil' | tónteel | |||||
| 155 | salt | təˀ | áshįįh | nuti | |||||
| 156 | stone | təˀs | té | tsé | tsa | ||||
| 157 | sand | hənaŋ | l'éiw | séí | suy | ||||
| 158 | dust | huˀs | kadánjaa | łeezh | |||||
| 159 | earth (as in soil) |
baˀŋ | tl'átk | nahosdzáán | ełnen | ||||
| 160 | cloud | espul | ḵugóos' | kʼos | q'es | ||||
| 161 | fog | ulij | kugwáas' | áhí | uq, nunigi | ||||
| 162 | sky | ēs | góos' | yá | yuq' | ||||
| 163 | wind (as in breeze) |
bēj | níyol | ||||||
| 164 | snow | beˀt | dleit | yas | yus | ||||
| 165 | ice | qō | t'éex' | tin | ten | ||||
| 166 | smoke | duˀ | s'eeḵ | łid | dasgedi | ||||
| 167 | fire | бо’к (boˀk) | x̱'aan | kǫʼ | qen, daz'i | ||||
| 168 | ash | qolan | kél't' | łeeshchʼih | |||||
| 169 | to burn (intransitive) |
inoʁat (intr.), duut (tr.) |
diltłiʼ | diltlut | |||||
| 170 | road | qoˀt | dei | daʼnitiingóó | tinitun | ||||
| 171 | mountain | qaˀj | shaa | dził | dghelay, dghili, tes (hill) | ||||
| 172 | red | sulej | x̱'aan | łichííʼ | dagheldel | ||||
| 173 | green | qəlaj | s'oow | dootłʼizh | dgheltl'ech' | ||||
| 174 | yellow | qəlaj | tl'áatl' | łitsooí | dgheltsegh | ||||
| 175 | white | taɣam | dleit | łigaii | dghelggeyi | ||||
| 176 | black | tūm | t'ooch' | łizhiní | dghelt'ich'i | ||||
| 177 | night | sī | taat | tłʼééʼ | tl'aq', tets | ||||
| 178 | day (daytime) |
iˀ | yakyee | jį́ | jani | ||||
| 179 | year | sɯɯ | táakw | nááhai | heyi | ||||
| 180 | warm (as in weather) |
ūs | yat'aa | sizílí, honeezílí | hnalqen | ||||
| 181 | cold (as in weather) |
qaqtɯm | ḵusi.aat' | deeskʼaaz, hakʼaz | edli, ezhi | ||||
| 182 | full | qō | sha-ya-heek | hadéébįįd | |||||
| 183 | new | kiˀ | ya-dzi-ḵeen (of moon) | ániidí | |||||
| 184 | old | sīn | di-shaan | sání | suk'i, q'et'i | ||||
| 185 | good | aqta | ya-k'ei | yáʼátʼééh | yagheli | ||||
| 186 | bad | sēl | tléil ... shi-k'ei | doo yáʼátʼéeh da | qil | ||||
| 187 | rotten (as a log) |
sīn | li-s'eex | dláád | |||||
| 188 | dirty | sintu | li-ch'eix̱'w | niłhin, chin bąąh | |||||
| 189 | straight | tatiŋ | tléil ... ka-dzi-teix̱' | kʼézdon | |||||
| 190 | round | kruglaj (Russian) | názbąs | dghelbits' | |||||
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) |
ēt | li-k'aats' | deení | daghiłyan | ||||
| 192 | dull (as a knife) |
salan | ya-di-g̱eel | doo deení da | ch'daghiłyan | ||||
| 193 | smooth | uul | ka-di-yaas' | dilkǫǫh | |||||
| 194 | wet | ultu | di-tl'aak' | ditłééʼ, hoditłééʼ | nułchel | ||||
| 195 | dry (adjective) |
toʁojiŋ | ya-xook | yíłtseii, hóółtseii | |||||
| 196 | right (correct) |
baˀt | akótʼé | lach'aq'u | |||||
| 197 | near | ɯlga | ka-ya-sei | áhání | dghiłggech' | ||||
| 198 | far | bìl | ya-lei | nízah | daghiset | ||||
| 199 | right (side) |
boɣot | nishʼnáájígo | ||||||
| 200 | left (side) |
tūl | nishtłʼajígo | tl'egheshch'en | |||||
| 201 | at | ka | -di, -gi | egh | |||||
| 202 | in | ka | biiʼ | va, veyi | |||||
| 203 | with (accompanying) |
-as | ił, bee | eł | |||||
| 204 | and | haj | dóó | ch'u | |||||
| 205 | if | sīm, ū | ládą́ą́ʼ | ||||||
| 206 | because | -diŋta, doʁot | háálá | ghuda | |||||
| 207 | name | ī | saayí | bízhiʼ | izhi | ||||
| 208 | house | iŋɢus | hít | kin | qenq'a (log) | ||||
| 209 | door | ella, lamel | x'aháat | dáádílkał | dukaq'di | ||||
| 210 | deer | sèl | g̱uwakaan | bįįh | vejex (caribou) | k'iłixun | |||
| 211 | mouse | ùt | kag̱áak | naʼatsʼǫǫsí | nk'eła, dlin'a | ||||
| 212 | rabbit | beˀs | g̱áx̱ | gah | hvaya | ||||
| 213 | eagle | diˀ | atsá | ||||||
| 214 | spider | elim | ts'awkaat | naʼashjéʼii | nuhqelashi, tuk'ejay | ||||
| 215 | face | bāt | yá | aniiʼ | -nan | ||||
| 216 | body | kīt | atsʼíís | ||||||
| 217 | navel | tɯ̄l | atsʼééʼ | ||||||
| 218 | finger | təˀq | tl'eeḵ | álánééz | |||||
| 219 | sick (painful) |
àr | néekw (noun) | daatsaah, tsʼííh niidóóh | chinah | ||||
| 220 | needle | ìn | táax'al' | tsah bee náʼálkadí | tl'unqin | ||||
| 221 | cloth | sujgiŋ | s'ísaa | naakʼaʼatʼą́hí | itl' (clothing) | ||||
| 222 | thunder | ekŋ, ekin | iiʼniʼ | k'eltemi | |||||
| 223 | lightning | ekkinna boˀk | atsiniltłʼish | shila | |||||
| 224 | above | əət | kináak | bikáaʼgi | q'ech' | ||||
| 225 | under | hɯtka | tayee | biyaa | t'ugh | ||||
| 226 | to cough | qaqtɯmej | a-dzi-kooḵ | dikos | |||||
| 227 | to buy | kitbet | ya-.oo | naʼiiniih | |||||
| 228 | to choose | qòs | ya-ya-g̱eech | ííyizh | |||||
| 229 | to grow | tijiŋ | ya-waat | biyaa hooʼaʼ, biyaa hazlį́į́ʼ | nazyun | ||||
| 230 | to open | uskij | shu-ya-taan | yighéígéésh | |||||
| 231 | to steal | uddiŋ | ya-taaw | yiniʼįįh | yenast'in | ||||
| 232 | to dream | a-ya-joon | naʼiigeeł | ||||||
| 233 | to cry | den | ya-g̱aax̱ | atídínéshdlį́į́ʼ, iʼniicha | chegh | ||||
| 234 | to yawn | esqontiŋ | ḵ'a-ya-waash | bił níʼdiiłchʼah | |||||
| 235 | to cook | ə̄n | si-.ee | yitʼees / yibéézh | yelach | ||||
| 236 | six | ā | tleidooshú | hastą́ą́ | k'uzhch'en'i | xostaan | ehtsʼę́tai | xelu:cha | |
| 237 | seven | oˀn | dax̱adooshú | tsostsʼid | qents'eghuyi | xohkʼit | lą́hdįgh | xeli:na | |
| 238 | eight | ɯnam bənsaŋ qō | nas'gadooshú | tseebíí | łtaqul'i | keenim | ehtsʼę́dįį | xalto:nga | |
| 239 | nine | qusam bənsaŋ qō | gooshúk | náhástʼéí | łq'ich'idi | miqostʼaw | lúúli | chumua:ga | |
| 240 | ten | qō | jinkaat | neeznáá | qeluzhun | minlung | honénǫ | ha:ga |
Sources [edit]
- Vajda, Edward and Andrey Nefedov. 2009. "Ket vocabulary" In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) World Loanword Database. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, 1030 entries. http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/18
- Story, Gillian L. and Constance M. Naish, et al., ed.Tlingit Verb Dictionary. Fairbanks, Alaska: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1973.
- Tlingit noun dictionary online
- Kari, James. Dena'ina Topical Dictionary. Alaska Native Language Center, 2007.
- Dena'ina Qenaga
External links [edit]
- Ket language word list
- Tlingit language dictionary
- Athabaskan words
- Navajo language resource (with audio)