Appendix:Romance doublets: difference between revisions

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|Latin modulus|Borrowed|Semi-learned|Inherited|Indirect borrowings
|Latin modulus|Borrowed|Semi-learned|Inherited|Indirect borrowings
|Catalan|mòdul||motlle|
|Catalan|mòdul||motlle|
|French|module|moule|||
|French|module|moule||
|Portuguese|módulo|||molde (''through Spanish'')
|Portuguese|módulo|||molde (through Spanish)
|Spanish|módulo|||molde (''through Catalan'')
|Spanish|módulo|||molde (through Catalan)
}}
}}
{{/table|cols=3
{{/table|cols=3

Revision as of 20:43, 8 March 2018

Some doublets are common to several Romance languages.

A

Latin apertūra[1]
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan apertura obertura
French aperture ouverture
Italian —[2] apertura
Portuguese —[3] abertura
Spanish apertura abertura
See also
Asturian apertura abertura
Occitan apertura dobertura, obertura
Latin applicāre
Borrowed Semi-learned Inherited
Catalan aplicar — aplegar
French appliquer — —[4]
Portuguese aplicar — achegar
Romanian aplica — apleca
Spanish aplicar aplegar allegar
Latin apprehendere[5]
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan aprehendre aprendre
French appréhender apprendre
Portuguese apreender aprender
Romanian aprehenda (very rare) aprinde
Spanish aprehender aprender
Latin aquārius, aquārium
Borrowed Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan aquari, aquàrium aigüer —
French aquarium évier aiguière (from Old Occitan)
Italian acquario acquaio —
Portuguese aquário agueiro —
Romanian acvariu apar —
See also
Asturian acuáriu agüeru —
Occitan aqüari aiguièr —
Latin ārea
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan àrea era
French are aire
Italian area aia
Portuguese área eira
Romanian —[6] arie
Spanish área era
Latin arēna
Borrowed Inherited
Portuguese arena areia
Romanian arenă arină
Latin articulus[7]
Borrowed Semi-learned Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan article — artell —
French article — orteil[8] —
Italian articolo — — artiglio (likely borrowed from Old Occitan)
Portuguese artículo artigo artelho —
Spanish artículo — artejo —
See also
Galician — artigo artello —
Occitan artícol article artelh —
Sicilian artìculu — artigghiu[9] —
Latin assimilāre
Borrowed Inherited Indirect borrowings
Italian assimilare assomigliare assembrare / assembiare (from French)
Portuguese assimilar assemelhar —
Romanian asimila asemăna —
Spanish asimilar asemejar asemblar (from Old French)
Latin augurium[10]
Borrowed Inherited
French augure heur
Portuguese augúrio agoiro, agouro
Spanish augurio agüero
Latin augustus[11]
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan august agost
French auguste août
Italian augusto agosto
Portuguese augusto agosto
Romanian august agust / gust
Spanish augusto agosto
Latin auscultāre[12]
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan auscultar escoltar
French ausculter écouter
Italian auscultare ascoltare
Portuguese auscultar escutar
Romanian ausculta asculta
Spanish auscultar escuchar

B

Latin blasphemāre[13]
Borrowed Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan blasfemar blasmar, blastomar —
French blasphémer blâmer —
Italian — bestemmiare biasimare (from Old French)
Portuguese blasfemar lastimar —
Romanian blasfema (very rare) blestema —
Spanish blasfemar lastimar —
Latin bulla
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan butlla[14] bolla
French bulle boule[15]
Portuguese bula[16] bolha
Spanish bula[17] bolla

C

Latin camera[18]
Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan cambra càmera (through English and New Latin)
French chambre caméra (through English and New Latin)
Portuguese câmara[19] câmera (through English and New Latin, or influenced by them)
See also
Occitan cambra, chambra camerà (probably through English and New Latin, or through French)
Latin campus
Borrowed Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan campus camp —
French campus champ, camp[20] —
Portuguese campus campo —
Romanian — câmp campus (through English and French)
Spanish campus campo —
Latin cannabis[21]
Borrowed Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan cànnabis cànem —
French cannabis chanvre —
Italian cannabis canapa —
Portuguese canábis —[22] cânhamo (through Spanish)
Romanian canabis cânepă —
Spanish cannabis cáñamo —
See also
Occitan canabís cambe, carbe —
Latin catēna
Borrowed Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan catena (jargony) cadena —
French catène (jargony or literary) chaîne —
Portuguese catena (jargony) cadeia —
Romanian catenă cătină (uncertain) —
See also
Aromanian — cãtinã (uncertain) cadenã (probably through Venetian)[23]
Latin cathedra
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan càtedra cadira
French cathèdre chaire, chaise
Portuguese cátedra cadeira
Spanish cátedra cadera
See also
Friulian càtidre cjadree[24]
Occitan catedra cadièra
Venetian càtedra carega
Latin causa
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan causa cosa
French cause chose
Italian causa cosa
Portuguese causa coisa / cousa (dated)
Spanish causa cosa
See also
Friulian cause cjosse[25]
Galician causa cousa
Occitan —[26] causa / chausa / còsa
Latin cervix, cervicem
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan cèrvix —[27]
Portuguese cérvice, cérvix cerviz
Romanian cervix cerbice
Spanish cérvix cerviz
Latin circulus[28]
Borrowed Semi-learned Inherited
Catalan círcol (obsolete) cèrcol cercle
Italian circulo — cerchio
Portuguese círculo — cercho
See also
Friulian circul — cercli
Latin circus
Borrowed Inherited
Italian circo cerco (obsolete)
Romanian circ cerc
Spanish circo cerco
See also
Asturian circu cercu
Latin clausūra
Borrowed Inherited
French clausure (rare) clôture
Italian clausura chiusura[29]
Portuguese clausura chousura
Latin clāvis
Borrowed Inherited
Portuguese clave chave
Spanish clave llave
Latin clāviculā[30]
Borrowed Semi-learned Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan clavícula — clavilla[31] —
French clavicule — cheville —
Italian clavicola — cavicchia caviglia (through Old Occitan)
Portuguese clavícula cravelha chavelha[32] —
Spanish clavícula clavija llavija / lavija —
See also
Friulian clavìcule — cjavile cavicje (probably through Italian)
Occitan clavicula — cavilha —
Latin coagulāre[33]
Borrowed Semi-learned Inherited
Catalan coagular — quallar
French coaguler — cailler
Italian coagulare — cagliare
Portuguese coagular — coalhar
Romanian coagula — închega[34]
Spanish coagular — cuajar
See also
Asturian coagular — cuayar
Galician coagular — callar
Occitan coagular caular calhar
Venetian coagułar — cagiar, inconajar[35]
Latin coagulāre[33]
Borrowed Semi-learned Inherited
Latin cogitāre
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan cogitar cuidar
French cogiter cuider (obsolete)
Italian cogitare coitare
Portuguese cogitar cuidar
Spanish cogitar cuidar
Latin computāre[36]
Borrowed Inherited
French computer (archaic) compter, conter
Italian computare compitare, contare
Portuguese computar contar
Romanian computa[37] cumpăta
Spanish computar contar
Latin corpus
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan corpus cos
French corpus corps
Italian corpus corpo
Portuguese corpus corpo
Spanish corpus[38] cuerpo
Latin crassus[39]
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan cras gras[40]
French crasse[41] (uncertain; possibly inherited) gras[42]
Italian crasso grasso
Portuguese craso graxo (uncertain)[43]
Romanian cras[44] gras
Spanish craso graso (uncertain)[45]

D

Latin dēnārius
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan denari diner
French dénaire (rare, jargony) denier
Italian denario denaro / danaio / danaro
Portuguese denário dinheiro
Spanish denario dinero
See also
Asturian denariu dineru
Galician denario diñeiro
Latin digitālis
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan digital didal
French digital dé[46]
Italian digitale ditale
Portuguese digital dedal
Romanian digital degetar[47]
Spanish digital dedal
See also
Friulian digitâl dedâl
Sardinian deidale didale
Latin dīrectus[48]
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan directe dret
French direct droit
Italian diretto dritto / diritto
Portuguese direto direito[49]
Romanian direct drept
Spanish directo derecho
See also
Friulian diret dret
Occitan directe drech / drèit / dret


Latin duplicāre
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan duplicar doblegar
Romanian duplica dupleca (archaic)[50]

E

Latin ego[51]
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan ego jo
French égo je
Italian ego io
Portuguese ego eu
Romanian ego eu
Spanish ego yo


Latin episcopus
Borrowed Inherited
Italian episcopo vescovo
Portuguese epíscopo bispo


Latin exāmen
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan examen eixam
French examen essaim
Italian esame sciame
Portuguese exame enxame
Spanish examen enjambre
See also
Occitan examen eissam[52]
Venetian exame same / samo


Latin exprimere
Borrowed Semi-learned Inherited
Catalan exprimir — esprémer
French exprimer — épreindre
Italian esprimere — spremere
Portuguese exprimir — espremer
Romanian exprima — screme
Spanish — exprimir, expremir —[53]

F

Latin fabrica
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan fàbrica farga
French fabrique forge
Portuguese fábrica frágua
Spanish fábrica fragua
Latin fābula
Borrowed Inherited
Italian favola fiaba
Portuguese fábula fala
Spanish fábula habla
Latin flamma
Borrowed Inherited
Portuguese flama chama
Spanish flama llama
Latin focus
Borrowed Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan focus foc —
French — feu focus (through English)
Italian foco fuoco —
Portuguese foco fogo —
Romanian — foc focus (rare or jargony, through French and German)
Spanish foco fuego / huego (rare or obsolete) —
Latin folium[54]
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan foli full, fulla (from plural)
French folio feuille (from plural)
Portuguese fólio folho, folha (from plural)
Romanian foliu foaie (from plural)
Spanish folio hoja (from plural)
Latin frīgidus[55]
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan frígid fred
French frigide froid
Italian frigido freddo
Portuguese frígido frio
Spanish frígido frío

G

Latin gravis[56]
Borrowed Inherited
French grave grief
Italian grave greve
Romanian grav greu

H

Latin hērēditārius
Borrowed Inherited
French héréditaire héritier
Portuguese hereditário herdeiro
Spanish hereditario heredero

I

Latin implicāre
Borrowed Inherited
French impliquer employer
Italian implicare impiegare
Portuguese implicar empregar
Spanish implicar —[57]
See also
Asturian implicar emplegar
Friulian implicâ impleâ
Occitan implicar emplegar
Latin inclūdere
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan incloure encloure
French inclure enclore[58]
Italian includere inchiudere (archaic or literary)
Romanian include închide
Latin integer, integrum
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan íntegre enter
French intègre entier
Italian integro intero
Portuguese íntegro inteiro[59]
Romanian integru întreg
Spanish íntegro entero
See also
Asturian integru enteru
Galician íntegro enteiro
Occitan entegre entiér
Latin integer, integrum
Borrowed Inherited

L

Latin labōrāre
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan laborar llaurar
Portuguese laborar lavrar
Spanish laborar labrar
Latin lēgālis
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan legal lleial
French légal loyal
Italian legale leale
Portuguese legal leal
Spanish legal leal
See also
Asturian llegal lleal
Friulian legâl leâl
Latin līberāre
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan alliberar lliurar
French libérer livrer
Portuguese liberar livrar
Spanish liberar librar

M

Latin māchinārī
Borrowed Inherited
Italian macchinare macinare
Spanish maquinar maznar
Latin macula
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan màcula malla
French macule maille
Italian macula macchia
Portuguese mácula, mágoa mancha, malha, mangra
Spanish mácula mancha, mangla
Latin magister, magistrum
Borrowed Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan — mestre màster (from English)
French magister maître maestro (from Italian), master (from English)
Italian magister maestro / mastro —
Romanian magistru măiestru maestru (from Italian), maistru (from German), meșter (from Hungarian)
Spanish magíster maeso / maestro maestre (from Old Occitan), máster (from English)
See also
Occitan magestre mèstre —
Latin māteria
Borrowed Inherited
Portuguese matéria madeira
Spanish materia madera
See also
Asturian materia madera
Galician materia madeira
Latin masticāre
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan masticar mastegar
French mastiquer mâcher
Portuguese mastigar mascar
Romanian mastica mesteca
Spanish masticar mascar
Latin mediānus
Borrowed Inherited
French médian moyen
Italian mediano mezzano
Portuguese mediano meão
Romanian median mezin[60]
Latin minūtia
Borrowed Inherited
French minutie menuise
Italian minuzia minugia
Portuguese minúcia miúça
Spanish minucia[61] menuza
Latin minūtus
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan minut menut
French minute (from feminine) menu
Portuguese minuto miúdo
Romanian minut mărunt / mănunt
Spanish minuto menudo
See also
Occitan minuta (from feminine) menut
Latin mōbilis
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan mòbil moble
French mobile meuble
Portuguese móbil móvel
Spanish móvil mueble
Latin modulus
Borrowed Semi-learned Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan mòdul — motlle —
French module moule — —
Portuguese módulo — — molde (through Spanish)
Spanish módulo — — molde (through Catalan)
Latin mūtāre
Borrowed Inherited
French muter muer
Portuguese mutar mudar
Romanian mutare muta
Spanish mutar mudar

N

Latin nōmināre Borrowed Inherited
Catalan nominar nomenar
French nominer nommer
Portuguese nominar nomear
Romanian nomina număra (obsolete)
Spanish nominar nombrar

O

Latin oculus[62]
Borrowed Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan òcul ull —
French oculus œil —
Italian oculo occhio —
Portuguese óculo olho —
Romanian — ochi oculus (through French)
Spanish óculo ojo —
Latin operārī / operāre
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan operar obrar
French opérer ouvrer[63]
Portuguese operar obrar
Spanish operar obrar
See also
Asturian operar obrar
Occitan operar obrar
Latin operārius
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan operari obrer
French opéraire (very rare, jargony) ouvrier
Portuguese operário obreiro
Spanish operario obrero
See also
Asturian operariu obreru
Galician operario obreiro

P

Latin palūdem[64]
Borrowed Inherited
Portuguese palude paul
Romanian paludă pădure
Spanish palude paúl
Latin pectorālis
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan pectoral pitral
French pectoral poitrail[65]
Spanish pectoral petral, pretal
Latin pensāre
Borrowed Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan pensar pesar —
French penser, panser peser[66] —
Italian pensare pesare —
Portuguese pensar pesar —
Romanian — păsa pansa (from French)
Spanish pensar pesar —
See also
Asturian pensar pesar —
Friulian pensâ pesâ —
Galician pensar pesar —
Occitan pensar pesar —
Venetian pensar pexar —
Latin pensāre
Borrowed Inherited Indirect borrowings
Latin plānus
Borrowed Semi-learned Inherited
French plan — plain (obsolete)
Portuguese plano porão chão
Spanish plano — llano
See also
Asturian planu — llanu
Latin planta
Borrowed Inherited
Portuguese planta chanta[67] (archaic)
Romanian plantă plântă (archaic)
Spanish planta llanta (obsolete)
Latin podium
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan podi puig
French podium puy (regional, rare)
Italian podio poggio
Portuguese pódio poio
Spanish podio poyo
See also
Aragonese podio pueyo
Asturian podiu poyu
Galician podio poio
Occitan podiòm puèg
Latin podium
Borrowed Inherited

Q

Latin quietō
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan quitar (uncertain)[68] quedar (uncertain)[69]
French —[70] —
Italian quietare chetare
Portuguese quietar, quitar (uncertain)[71] quedar
Spanish quietar, quitar (uncertain)[72] quedar
Latin quietus
Borrowed Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan quiet —[73] —
French quiet, quitte[74] coi —
Italian quieto cheto —
Portuguese quieto quedo —
Romanian — încet / cet chit (from French)
Spanish quieto quedo —

R

Latin radius
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan radi raig
French radius rai
Italian radio raggio
Portuguese rádio raio
Spanish radio rayo
Latin rapidus
Borrowed Inherited
Romanian rapid repede
Spanish rápido raudo
Latin ratiō, ratiōnem
Borrowed Inherited Indirect borrowings
Catalan ració raó ràtio (through English)
French ration raison ratio (through English)
Italian razione ragione ratio (through English)
Portuguese ração razão rácio (through English)
Spanish ración razón ratio (through English)

S

Latin singulāris
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan singular senglar
French singulier sanglier
Italian singolare cinghiale
Portuguese singular senheiro
Spanish singular señero
Latin spatula
Borrowed Semi-learned Inherited
Catalan espàtula — espatlla
French spatule — épaule
Italian spatola — spalla
Portuguese espátula espádua espalda
Spanish espátula — espalda
See also
Occitan espatula — espatla
Latin speculum
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan espècul espill
Italian specolo specchio
Portuguese espéculo espelho
Spanish espéculo espejo
Latin spīculum
Borrowed Inherited
Italian spigolo spicchio
Portuguese espículo espicho
Latin status
Borrowed Inherited
Catalan estatus, status estat
French état été
Italian status stato
Portuguese status estado
Romanian status stat
Spanish estatus estado

T

Latin temperāre
Borrowed Inherited
French tempérer tremper[75]
Italian temperare temprare
Spanish temperar templar
Latin tepidus
Borrowed Inherited
French tépide (archaic, literary) tiède
Italian tepido tiepido
Portuguese tépido tíbio
Latin trāditiō, trāditiōnem
Borrowed Semi-learned Inherited
Catalan tradició traïció[76] —
French tradition — trahison
Portuguese tradição — traição
Spanish tradición traición[77] —

U

Latin umbīlicus Borrowed Inherited
French ombilic nombril[78]
Italian umbilico ombelico
Portuguese umbílico umbigo
Romanian ombilic buric[79]
Latin umerus Borrowed Inherited
Portuguese úmero ombro
Romanian humerus umăr
Spanish húmero hombro

Footnotes

  1. ^ See also Vulgar Latin opertūra.
  2. ^ The sense of "aperture" in apertura was a later learned development or borrowing, despite the word remaining morphologically unchanged.
  3. ^ The sense of "aperture" in abertura was a later learned development or borrowing, despite the word remaining morphologically unchanged.
  4. ^ Old French applier and aploier were inherited.
  5. ^ Also contracted form apprendere.
  6. ^ The senses of "area", "surface" in arie (as opposed to the inherited one of "threshing floor") were learned borrowings from French or Latin, although the word itself was unaltered.
  7. ^ Vulgar Latin *articlus.
  8. ^ Compare Old French arteil.
  9. ^ Uncertain if inherited or a parallel form to Italian artiglio, with Gallo-Romance influence.
  10. ^ Vulgar Latin *agurium.
  11. ^ Vulgar Latin *agustus.
  12. ^ Vulgar Latin *ascultare.
  13. ^ Vulgar Latin *blastemāre.
  14. ^ Uncertain, possibly semi-learned. See also bola, likely borrowed through Occitan.
  15. ^ Most likely; an alternatively theory derives it from Germanic.
  16. ^ See also bola, borrowed through Occitan or Old Occitan.
  17. ^ See also bola, borrowed through Occitan or Old Occitan.
  18. ^ Cf. also the variant form camara.
  19. ^ Cf. also the form cambra.
  20. ^ Northern form, or influenced by other Romance languages.
  21. ^ Cf. also Vulgar Latin *canapa or *canapis, and Late Latin cannabum.
  22. ^ Cf. the inherited Old Portuguese cánamo, cánabo.
  23. ^ Cf. also the form catinã.
  24. ^ Also spelled čhadree in the variant orthography.
  25. ^ Also spelled čhosse in the variant orthography.
  26. ^ The derived word encausa can be used in (some varieties) of Occitan to mean "cause", to differentiate from causa (“thing”), the inherited result in these varities/dialects.
  27. ^ Old Catalan inherited serviu, a rarely used word.
  28. ^ Vulgar Latin *circlus.
  29. ^ Through a Late Latin form clūsura.
  30. ^ Vulgar Latin *cavicla.
  31. ^ Cf. also clavella.
  32. ^ Cf. also cavilha.
  33. ^ Vulgar Latin *coaglāre.
  34. ^ Either through a Vulgar Latin *incoāgulāre, following metathesis, or later prefixed with în- in Romanian.
  35. ^ Uncertain.
  36. ^ Vulgar Latin *compitāre.
  37. ^ Cf. also conta, borrowed through Italian contare, French compter.
  38. ^ Possibly through the intermediate of English.
  39. ^ Vulgar Latin *grassus.
  40. ^ Cf. also greix from a Vulgar Latin *grassies/crassise or from Old Catalan graixa, itself from a Vulgar Latin *grassia or *crassia.
  41. ^ From the feminine Old French cras.
  42. ^ Cf. also graisse from a Vulgar Latin *grassia or *crassia.
  43. ^ Possibly a derivative of graxa, itself from a Vulgar Latin *grassia or *crassia.
  44. ^ Partly through French crasse.
  45. ^ Possibly taken from another language as it appears late in Spanish texts; cf. also the more common grasa.
  46. ^ With analogy; compare Old French deel. See also the derived term délot.
  47. ^ Unsure, possibly coined in Romanian.
  48. ^ Vulgar Latin *dērēctus and *drēctus.
  49. ^ Modified orthographically from Old Galician-Portuguese dereito.
  50. ^ See also the prefixed verb îndupleca.
  51. ^ Vulgar Latin *eo.
  52. ^ Cf. also the form asèim (“exam”).
  53. ^ Cf. the inherited Old Spanish form espremir.
  54. ^ Cf. also Late Latin folia, from the plural.
  55. ^ Also Vulgar Latin fricdus, attested in the Appendix Probi, and frigdus, fridus.
  56. ^ Vulgar Latin *grevis.
  57. ^ Cf. Old Spanish emplegar, which was likely inherited.
  58. ^ Through a Vulgar Latin variant *inclaudere.
  59. ^ Probably modified from Old Galician-Portuguese enteiro.
  60. ^ Likely; an alternative theory derives it from Slavic.
  61. ^ Cf. also the semi-learned variant menucia.
  62. ^ Cf. also Vulgar Latin oclus.
  63. ^ Cf. also the form œuvrer, formed analogically.
  64. ^ Vulgar Latin *padūle.
  65. ^ Compare Old French poitral.
  66. ^ See also Middle French poiser.
  67. ^ Alternatively, it may be a derivative of the verb chantar, from the related Latin plantāre.
  68. ^ Probably an early or semi-learned borrowing from the Medieval Latin form quitāre, or underwent an abnormal phonological evolution.
  69. ^ Alternatively, a derivative of Old Catalan quet, queda, as it was attested relatively late (1575).
  70. ^ Cf. quitter, which is likely a derivative of quitte, or occasionally seen as derived from a Medieval Latin form quitāre.
  71. ^ Possibly an early or semi-learned borrowing from the Medieval Latin form quitāre, or possibly through an (Old) French intermediate.
  72. ^ Either an early or semi-learned borrowing from the Medieval Latin form quitāre, or a derivative of Old Spanish quito, with an abnormal phonological evolution.
  73. ^ Old Catalan quet was probably inherited.
  74. ^ Early borrowing from the Medieval Latin form quitus.
  75. ^ From Old French temprer by metathesis.
  76. ^ Either semi-learned or a derivative of the verb trair (from Latin tradere) with the suffix -ció.
  77. ^ Either semi-learned, modified from the inherited Old Spanish trayçón, or a derivative of the Old Spanish verb traer (from Latin tradere) with the suffix -ción.
  78. ^ Through a Vulgar Latin diminutive *umbilīculus, with the -n- from the preceding indefinite article 'un' being appended (rebracketing).
  79. ^ Possibly through a Vulgar Latin root *umbulicus, and re-analyzed with a preceding indefinite article 'un', which was subsequently removed.
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