Appendix:Interlingue Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Interlingue, compared with definitions in English.

The list is semi-automatically generated from the Kemp and Pope word list (pdf, odt)

Presentation[edit]

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List[edit]

English Interlingue
1 I yo
2 you
(singular)
tu
3 he il
4 we noi
5 you
(plural)
vu
6 they ili
7 this to (ci), ti (ci)
8 that to, ti
9 here ci
10 there ta
11 who qui
12 what quo
13 where u
14 when quande
15 how qualmen
16 not ne
17 all omni
18 many mult
19 some quelc
20 few poc
21 other altri
22 one un
23 two du
24 three tri
25 four quar
26 five quin
27 big grand
28 long long
29 wide larg
30 thick spess
31 heavy pesant
32 small micri
33 short curt
34 narrow strett
35 thin tenui
36 woman fémina
37 man
(adult male)
mann
38 man
(human being)
hom
39 child
(a youth)
infante
40 wife marita
41 husband marito
42 mother matre
43 father patre
44 animal bestie, animale
45 fish pisc
46 bird avie
47 dog cane
48 louse pedicul
49 snake serpente
50 worm verme
51 tree árbor
52 forest silva, forest
53 stick
(of wood)
baston
54 fruit fructe
55 seed seme
56 leaf folie
57 root radica
58 bark
(of tree)
cortice
59 flower flor
60 grass herbe
61 rope corde
62 skin
(of a person)
pelle
63 meat
(as in flesh)
carne
64 blood sangue
65 bone osse
66 fat
(noun)
grasse
67 egg ove
68 horn corn
69 tail caude
70 feather
(rather not down)
plum
71 hair capille
72 head cap
73 ear orel
74 eye ocul
75 nose nase
76 mouth bocca
77 tooth
(rather not molar)
dente
78 tongue lingue
79 fingernail ungul
80 foot pede
81 leg gambe
82 knee genú
83 hand manu
84 wing ale
85 belly ventre
86 guts intrallia
87 neck col
88 back dorse
89 breast péctor
90 heart cordie
91 liver hépate
92 to drink trincar
93 to eat manjar
94 to bite morder
95 to suck sucar
96 to spit sputar
97 to vomit vomir
98 to blow
(as wind)
sufflar
99 to breathe halar, respirar
100 to laugh rider
101 to see vider
102 to hear audir
103 to know
(a fact)
saver
104 to think pensar
105 to smell
(sense odor)
flarar
106 to fear timer
107 to sleep dormir
108 to live viver
109 to die morir
110 to kill mortar
111 to fight combatter
112 to hunt
(transitive)
chassar
113 to hit frappar
114 to cut ciser
115 to split fender
116 to stab
(or stick)
(tra-)picar
117 to scratch
(an itch)
grattar
118 to dig fossar
119 to swim svimmar
120 to fly volar
121 to walk ear
122 to come venir
123 to lie
(as on one's side)
jacer
124 to sit seder
125 to stand star
126 to turn
(change direction)
tornar
127 to fall
(as in drop)
cader
128 to give dar
129 to hold
(in one's hand)
tener
130 to squeeze compresser
131 to rub fricter
132 to wash lavat
133 to wipe essuyar
134 to pull tirar
135 to push pussar
136 to throw jettar
137 to tie nodar
138 to sew suer
139 to count contar
140 to say dir
141 to sing cantar
142 to play luder
143 to float flottar
144 to flow fluer
145 to freeze gelar
146 to swell inflar
147 sun sole
148 moon lune
149 star stelle, sídere
150 water aqua
151 to rain pluviar
152 river fluvie, rivere
153 lake lagl
154 sea
(as in ocean)
mare
155 salt sale
156 stone petre, lápide
157 sand sable, sand
158 dust polve
159 earth
(as in soil)
terre
160 cloud nube
161 fog nebul
162 sky ciel
163 wind
(as in breeze)
vente
164 snow nive
165 ice glacie
166 smoke fum
167 fire foy
168 ashes cindre
169 to burn
(intransitive)
arder
170 road strada, via
171 mountain monte
172 red rubi
173 green verdi
174 yellow yelb
175 white blanc
176 black nigri
177 night nocte
178 day
(daytime)
jorne
179 year annu
180 warm
(as in weather)
calid
181 cold
(as in weather)
frigid
182 full plen
183 new nov
184 old old
185 good bon
186 bad mal
187 rotten
(as a log)
putrid
188 dirty sordid
189 straight rect
190 round rond
191 sharp
(as a knife)
acut, acri
192 dull
(as a knife)
ínacut
193 smooth glatt
194 wet humid
195 dry
(adjective)
sicc
196 right
(correct)
just
197 near proxim, vicin
198 far lontan
199 right
(side)
dextri
200 left
(side)
levul
201 at che
202 in in
203 with
(accompanying)
con
204 and e
205 if si
206 because pro que
207 name nómine
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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