Appendix:Sicilian Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Sicilian, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation[edit]

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List[edit]

EnglishSicilian
sicilianu
edit (207)
1I (1sg)
2you (2sg)tu
3he, she, it (3sg)iḍḍu
4we (1pl)nuautri
5you (2pl)vuautri
6they (3pl)iḍḍi
7thischistu
8thatchiḍḍu
9herecca
10thereḍḍà, ḍḍocu
11whocui
12whatchi, zoccu
13whereunni
14whenquannu
15howcomu
16notno, noni
17alltuttu
18manyassai
19somequarchi
20fewpicca
21otherautru
22oneunu
23twodui
24threetri
25fourquattru
26fivecincu
27biggranni
28longlongu
29widelargu
30thicknfutu, spissu
31heavypisanti
32smallnicu
33shortcurtu
34narrowstrittu
35thinmàguru, siccu
36womanfìmmina
37man (adult male)omu
38man (human being)omu
39childpicciriḍḍu
40wifemugghieri
41husbandmaritu
42mothermatri
43fatherpatri
44animalarmalu
45fishpisci
46birdaceḍḍu
47dogcani
48lousepidocchiu
49snakesirpenti
50wormvermi
51treechianta
52forestvoscu
53stickvastuni
54fruitfruttu
55seedsimenza
56leaffogghia
57rootràdica
58bark (of a tree)scorcia
59flowerciuri
60grasserba
61ropecorda
62skinpeḍḍi
63meatcarni
64bloodsangu
65boneossu
66fat (noun)grassu, sivu
67eggovu
68horncornu
69tailcuda
70featherpinna
71haircapiḍḍu
72headcapu, testa
73eararicchia
74eyeocchiu
75nosenasu
76mouthvucca
77toothdenti
78tongue (organ)lingua
79fingernailugna
80footpedi
81leggamma
82kneedinocchiu
83handmanu
84wingala
85bellypanza
86gutsvureḍḍu
87neckcoḍḍu
88backcarina
89breastpettu
90heartcori
91liverfìcatu
92to drinkvìviri
93to eatmanciari, pistiari
94to bitemuzzicari
95to sucksucari
96to spitsputari
97to vomitsbummicari
98to blowciusciari
99to breatheciatari
100to laughrìdiri
101to seevìdiri
102to hearsèntiri
103to knowsapiri
104to thinkpinzari
105to smellciagurari
106to fearscantàrisi
107to sleepdòrmiri
108to livecampari
109to diemòriri
110to killaccìdiri, ammazzari
111to fightcummàttiri
112to huntcacciari
113to hitcafuḍḍari
114to cuttagghiari
115to splitspàrtiri
116to stabtagghiari, cutiḍḍijari
117to scratchgrattari
118to digscavari
119to swimnatari
120to flyvulari
121to walkcaminari
122to comevèniri
123to lie (as in a bed)curcàrisi
124to sitassittàrisi
125to standstari â dritta
126to turn (intransitive)girari, firrijari
127to fallcàdiri
128to givedari
129to holdtèniri
130to squeezemùnciri
131to rubstricari
132to washlavari
133to wipeasciucari, astujari
134to pulltirari
135to pushammuttari
136to throwjittari
137to tieattaccari
138to sewcùsiri
139to countcuntari
140to saycuntari
141to singcantari
142to playjucari
143to floatgalliggiari
144to flowscùrriri
145to freezegnilari
146to swellvunchiari
147sunsuli
148moonluna
149starstiḍḍa
150wateracqua
151rainchiuvia
152riverciumi
153lakelacu
154seamari
155saltsali
156stonepetra
157sandrina
158dustpùrbiri
159earthmunnu, terra
160cloudnèvula
161fognegghia
162skycelu
163windventu
164snownivi
165icejelu
166smokefumu
167firefocu
168ashcìnniri
169to burnabbruciari
170roadstrata
171mountainmuntagna
172redrussu
173greenvirdi
174yellowgiarnu
175whitejancu, viancu
176blacknìguru
177nightnotti
178dayjornu
179yearannu
180warmcàudu
181coldfriddu
182fullchinu
183newnovu
184oldvecchiu
185goodbonu
186badmalu
187rottenpurritu
188dirtylurdu, nzivatu
189straightdrittu
190roundtunnu
191sharp (as a knife)affilatu
192dull (as a knife)smanciatu
193smoothlisciu
194wetmoḍḍu
195drysiccu
196correctgiustu
197nearvicinu
198farluntanu
199rightritta
200leftmanca
201atnne
202in'n, ta
203withcu
204ande
205ifsi
206becausepirchì
207namenomu
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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