This is a Swadesh list of words in Friulian English .
Presentation [ edit ] For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ English Friulianfurlan edit (207) 1 I (1sg )jo 2 you (2sg )tu 3 he , she , it (3sg )lui 4 we (1pl )noaltris nô 5 you (2pl )vô voaltris 6 they (3pl )lôr 7 this chest 8 that chel 9 here ca chi 10 there là 11 who cui 12 what ce 13 where dulà 14 when cuant 15 how cemût 16 not no 17 all dut 18 many tancj 19 some cetancj cualchi 20 few pôc 21 other altri 22 one un 23 two doi masculine dôs feminine 24 three trê 25 four cuatri 26 five cinc 27 big grant 28 long lunc 29 wide larc 30 thick penç grues 31 heavy pesant 32 small piçul 33 short curt 34 narrow stret 35 thin fin 36 woman femine 37 man (adult male)om 38 man (human being)persone 39 child frut 40 wife femine 41 husband marît 42 mother mari 43 father pari 44 animal animâl nemâl 45 fish pes 46 bird ucel 47 dog cjan 48 louse pedoli 49 snake serpint madrac 50 worm vier 51 tree arbul 52 forest bosc 53 stick baston mace 54 fruit pome 55 seed samence 56 leaf fuee 57 root lidrîs 58 bark (of a tree)scuarce 59 flower flôr 60 grass jerbe 61 rope cuarde 62 skin piel 63 meat cjar 64 blood sanc 65 bone vues 66 fat (noun)gras 67 egg ûf 68 horn cuar 69 tail code 70 feather plume 71 hair cjavel 72 head cjâf 73 ear orele 74 eye voli 75 nose nâs 76 mouth bocje 77 tooth dint 78 tongue (organ)lenghe 79 fingernail ongule 80 foot pît 81 leg gjambe 82 knee zenoli 83 hand man 84 wing ale 85 belly panze 86 guts intestin 87 neck cuel 88 back schene 89 breast pet 90 heart cûr 91 liver fiât 92 to drink bevi 93 to eat mangjâ 94 to bite muardi 95 to suck supâ 96 to spit spudâ 97 to vomit gomitâ 98 to blow soflâ 99 to breathe respirâ 100 to laugh ridi 101 to see viodi 102 to hear sintî 103 to know savê 104 to think pensâ 105 to smell nasâ 106 to fear temi 107 to sleep durmî 108 to live vivi 109 to die murî 110 to kill copâ 111 to fight lotâ 112 to hunt cjaçâ 113 to hit colpî 114 to cut taiâ 115 to split dividi 116 to stab scurtissâ 117 to scratch sgrafâ 118 to dig scavà 119 to swim nadâ 120 to fly svolâ 121 to walk cjaminâ 122 to come vignî 123 to lie (as in a bed) distirâsi 124 to sit sintâsi 125 to stand stâ impins126 to turn (intransitive) zirâ 127 to fall colâ 128 to give dâ 129 to hold tignî 130 to squeeze struça 131 to rub russâ 132 to wash lavâ 133 to wipe suiâ 134 to pull tirâ 135 to push sburtâ 136 to throw lançâ 137 to tie leâ 138 to sew cusî 139 to count contâ 140 to say dî 141 to sing cjantâ 142 to play zuiâ 143 to float vongolâ 144 to flow scolâ 145 to freeze glaçâ 146 to swell sglonfâ 147 sun soreli 148 moon lune 149 star stele 150 water aghe 151 rain ploie 152 river flum 153 lake lâc 154 sea mâr 155 salt sâl 156 stone piere 157 sand savalon 158 dust polvar 159 earth tiere 160 cloud nûl 161 fog fumate 162 sky cîl 163 wind vint 164 snow nêf 165 ice glaç 166 smoke fum 167 fire fûc 168 ash cinise 169 to burn brusâ 170 road strade 171 mountain montagne 172 red ros 173 green vert 174 yellow zâl 175 white blanc 176 black neri 177 night gnot 178 day dì 179 year an 180 warm cjalt 181 cold frêt 182 full plen 183 new gnûf 184 old vieli 185 good bon 186 bad trist 187 rotten vuast 188 dirty soç 189 straight dret 190 round taront 191 sharp (as a knife)uçât 192 dull (as a knife)asiât 193 smooth lis 194 wet umit 195 dry sec 196 correct just 197 near dongje 198 far luntano 199 right drete 200 left çambe 201 at a 202 in in 203 with cun 204 and e 205 if se 206 because parcè 207 name non
Swadesh lists
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Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
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