Appendix:Cornish Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Cornish, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation[edit]

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List[edit]

EnglishCornish
edit (207)
1I (1sg)my
2you (2sg)ty
3he, she, it (3sg)ev
4we (1pl)ny
5you (2pl)hwi
6they (3pl)i
7thisan, ma
8thatan, na
9hereomma
10thereena
11whopiw
12whatpyth
13whereple
14whenp'eur
15howfatel
16notny
17alloll
18manylies, lower
19somenebes
20fewnebes
21otheraral
22oneonan
23twodew
24threetri
25fourpeswar
26fivepymp
27bigbras, meur
28longhir
29wideledan
30thicktew
31heavypoes
32smallbian, byghan
33shortberr
34narrowkul
35thinmoon, tanow
36womanbenyn
37man (adult male)gour, gwas
38man (human being)den
39childflogh
40wifegwreg
41husbandgour
42mothermamm
43fathertas
44animalenyval, mil
45fishpysk
46birdedhen
47dogki
48louselow
49snakesarf
50wormpryv
51treegwedh
52forestkoos, koswik
53sticklorgh
54fruitfrooth
55seedhas
56leafdelen
57rootgwreydh
58bark (of a tree)rusk
59flowerbleujen
60grassgwels
61ropelovan, korden
62skinkroghen
63meatkig
64bloodgoos
65boneaskorn
66fat (noun)blonek
67eggoy
68hornkorn
69taillost
70featherpluv
71hairblew, gols
72headpenn
73earskovarn
74eyelagas
75nosetroen
76mouthganow
77toothdans
78tongue (organ)taves
79fingernailewyn
80foottroes
81leggarr
82kneeglin
83handdorn
84wingaskell
85bellykroth, torr
86gutskolodhyon
87neckkonna
88backkeyn
89breastbronn
90heartkolon
91liveravi
92to drinkeva
93to eatdybri
94to bitedensel
95to sucksugna, dena
96to spitberya, trewa
97to vomithwyja
98to blowhwytha
99to breatheanella
100to laughhwerthin
101to seegweles
102to hearklywes
103to knowgodhvos
104to thinkprederi
105to smellblasa, klywes
106to fearperthi own
107to sleepkoska
108to livebywa
109to diemerwel
110to killladha
111to fightomladh
112to hunthelghya
113to hitgweskel, skwatya
114to cuttreghi
115to splitfolsa
116to stabgwana, pyghya
117to scratchkravas
118to digpalas
119to swimneuvya
120to flyneyja
121to walkkerdhes
122to comedos
123to lie (as in a bed)gorwedhes
124to sitesedha
125to standsevel
126to turn (intransitive)treylya
127to fallkoedha
128to givery
129to holddalghenna, synsi
130to squeezegwaska, gwrynya, strotha
131to rubrutya
132to washgolghi
133to wipesygha
134to pulltenna
135to pushherdhya, pokya
136to throwtewlel
137to tiekelmi
138to sewgwrias, sewya
139to countakontya, amontya, nivera
140to sayleverel
141to singkana
142to playgwari
143to floatneuvella
144to flowbera, dinewi
145to freezerewi
146to swellhwythfi
147sunhowl
148moonloer
149starster
150waterdowr
151rainglaw
152riveravon
153lakelynn
154seamor
155saltholan
156stonekarrek, men
157sandtewes
158dustdoust, polter
159earthdor
160cloudkommol
161fogniwl
162skyebron
163windgwyns, awel
164snowergh
165icerew, yey
166smokemog
167firetan
168ashlusow
169to burnleski
170roadfordh, hens
171mountainmenydh
172redrudh
173greenglas, gwyrdh
174yellowmelyn
175whitegwynn
176blackdu
177nightnos
178daydydh
179yearblydhen
180warmtoemm
181coldyeyn
182fullleun
183newnowydh
184oldhen, koth
185goodda, mas
186baddrog
187rottenbreyn, poder
188dirtyplos
189straightewn
190roundkrenn
191sharp (as a knife)lymm
192dull (as a knife)sogh
193smoothgwastas, leven
194wetglyb, gwlygh
195drysygh
196correctewn
197nearogas
198farpell
199rightdeghow
200leftkledh
201atorth
202inyn
203withgans
204andha
205ifmar
206becausedrefenn
207namehanow
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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