This is a Swadesh list of words in Romanian English .
Presentation [ edit ]
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .
American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages . To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms . Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
No.
English Romanian română
1
I eu
2
you (singular)tu
3
he el
4
we noi
5
you (plural)voi
6
they ei
7
this acesta
8
that acela
9
here aici
10
there acolo
11
who cine (interrogative)
12
what ce (interrogative)
13
where unde (interrogative)
14
when când (interrogative)
15
how cum (interrogative)
16
not nu
17
all tot
18
many mulți
19
some niște
20
few puțin
21
other alt
22
one unu
23
two doi
24
three trei
25
four patru
26
five cinci
27
big mare
28
long lung
29
wide larg
30
thick gros
31
heavy greu
32
small mic
33
short scurt
34
narrow strâmt
35
thin subțire , slab
36
woman femeie , muiere
37
man (adult male)bărbat
38
man (human being)om
39
child copil
40
wife soție
41
husband soț
42
mother mamă
43
father tată
44
animal animal
45
fish pește
46
bird pasăre
47
dog câine
48
louse păduche
49
snake șarpe
50
worm vierme
51
tree arbore , copac
52
forest pădure
53
stick băț
54
fruit fruct
55
seed sămânță
56
leaf frunză
57
root rădăcină
58
bark (of a tree)scoarță
59
flower floare
60
grass iarbă
61
rope sfoară , frânghie , coardă
62
skin piele
63
meat carne
64
blood sânge
65
bone os
66
fat (noun)grăsime
67
egg ou
68
horn corn
69
tail coadă
70
feather pană , fulg
71
hair păr
72
head cap
73
ear ureche
74
eye ochi
75
nose nas
76
mouth gură
77
tooth dinte
78
tongue (organ)limbă
79
fingernail unghie
80
foot laba piciorului
81
leg picior
82
knee genunchi
83
hand mână
84
wing aripă
85
belly burtă , vintre , foale , pântece
86
guts măruntaie
87
neck gât
88
back spate
89
breast piept
90
heart inimă
91
liver ficat , mai
92
to drink
a bea
93
to eat
a mânca
94
to bite
a mușca
95
to suck
a suge
96
to spit
a scuipa
97
to vomit
a borî , a vomita , a vărsa
98
to blow
a sufla
99
to breathe
a răsufla , a respira
100
to laugh
a râde
101
to see
a vedea
102
to hear
a auzi
103
to know
a ști
104
to think
a cugeta , a se gândi
105
to smell
a mirosi
106
to fear
a se teme
107
to sleep
a dormi
108
to live
a trăi
109
to die
a muri
110
to kill
a ucide , a omorî
111
to fight
a lupta
112
to hunt
a vâna
113
to hit
a lovi
114
to cut
a tăia
115
to split
a despica , a spinteca
116
to stab
a înjunghia
117
to scratch
a zgâria
118
to dig
a săpa , a excava
119
to swim
a înota
120
to fly
a zbura
121
to walk
a merge
122
to come
a veni
123
to lie (as in a bed)
a zace
124
to sit
a se așeza (action) , a ședea (state)
125
to stand
a se scula în picioare (action) , a sta (state)
126
to turn (intransitive)
a se întoarce
127
to fall
a cădea
128
to give
a da
129
to hold
a ține
130
to squeeze
a strânge
131
to rub
a freca
132
to wash
a spăla
133
to wipe
a șterge
134
to pull
a trage
135
to push
a împinge
136
to throw
a arunca
137
to tie
a lega
138
to sew
a coase
139
to count
a număra
140
to say
a zice , a spune
141
to sing
a cânta
142
to play
a juca
143
to float
a pluti
144
to flow
a curge
145
to freeze
a îngheța
146
to swell
a se umfla
147
sun soare
148
moon lună
149
star stea
150
water apă
151
rain ploaie , udătură
152
river râu
153
lake lac
154
sea mare
155
salt sare
156
stone piatră
157
sand nisip
158
dust praf , pulbere
159
earth pământ
160
cloud nor
161
fog ceață
162
sky cer
163
wind vânt
164
snow zăpadă , nea
165
ice gheață , sloi
166
smoke fum
167
fire foc , jar
168
ash cenușă , scrum
169
to burn
a arde
170
road drum , cale
171
mountain munte
172
red roșu
173
green verde
174
yellow galben
175
white alb
176
black negru , lai
177
night noapte
178
day zi
179
year an
180
warm cald
181
cold rece , frig
182
full plin
183
new nou
184
old vechi
185
good bun
186
bad rău , prost
187
rotten putred , cariat
188
dirty murdar , jegos
189
straight drept
190
round rotund
191
sharp (as a knife)ascuţit
192
dull (as a knife)tocit , bont
193
smooth neted
194
wet ud , umed
195
dry uscat
196
correct drept
197
near lângă , apropiat , aproape
198
far departe
199
right drept
200
left stâng
201
at la , în
202
in în
203
with cu
204
and şi
205
if dacă
206
because deoarece , pentru că
207
name nume
Further reading [ edit ]
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Afrikaans – Albanian – Antillean Creole – Arabic (standard) (p) , Egyptian Arabic (p) , Palestinian Arabic (p) , Tunisian Arabic (t) Cypriot Maronite Arabic – Armenian (t,p) – Aromanian – Bangala – Bashkir – Basque – Belarusian – Breton – Bukitan (p) – Bulgarian (t) – Burmese (t,p) – Catalan – Chechen – Chinese: Cantonese , Gan (p) , Mandarin (t,p) , Min Nan (Amoy) (p) , Min Dong (p) , Sichuanese ;(t,p) – , Old Chinese (p) – Czech – Danish – Dutch (p) – Egyptian (Middle) – Esperanto (p) – Estonian – Finnish – Fiji Hindi – Fijian – French (p) – French (old) – Frisian (West) – Friulian – Georgian (t,p) – German (p) – Greek (modern) (p) , Greek (ancient) – Guaraní – Haida – Haitian Creole – Hausa – Hawaiian – Hindi (t) – Hittite – Hmong (White) (p) – Hungarian – Icelandic – Ido (p) – Indonesian – Interlingue – Irish (p) – Istro-Romanian – Italian (p) – Japanese (t) – Kashubian – Khmer (p) – Korean (t) – Kurdish – Latin – Latvian – Lingala – Lingua Franca Nova – Lithuanian – Lojban – Luwian – Macedonian (t) – Malagasy – Malay (t) – Maltese – Megleno-Romanian – Mongolian (t) – Mycenaean Greek (t) – Old Portuguese (p) – Ossetian (p) – Polish (p) – Portuguese (p) – Proto-Balto-Slavic – Proto-Indo-European – Proto-Indo-Iranian – Proto-Slavic – Punjabi (t) – Purepecha – Quechua – Romani – Romanian – Russian (p) – Sanskrit (t) – Scottish Gaelic – Serbo-Croatian – Sinhalese – Slovenian – Spanish (p) – Sranan – Sundanese – Swahili – Swedish – Tagalog – Tajik (t) – Tahitian – Thai (t) – Tocharian B – Tok Pisin – Turkish – Ukrainian – Vietnamese – Walloon – Zulu
Language families and family branches
Afro-Asiatic – Algonquian – Altaic – Araucanian – Austro-Asiatic – Australian – Austronesian – Baltic – Baltic-Finnic – Bantu – Celtic – Dené–Yeniseian – Dravidian – Formosan – Frisian – Germanic – Hmong-Mien – Hokan – Iberian – Indo-Aryan – Indo-Iranian – Italian – Mayan – Muskogean – Niger–Congo – Oto-Manguean – Paleosiberian – Penutian – Romance – Sino-Tibetan – Slavic – Siouan – Tai–Kadai – Tibeto-Burman – Tupi–Guarani – Turkic – Uralic – Uto-Aztecan
The list may also include: (t) the transcription in Latin characters; (p) the phonetic transcription
