Appendix:Pama-Nyungan Swadesh lists
This is a Swadesh list of Pama-Nyungan languages, specifically Gurindji, Ngaanyatjarra, Warlpiri, Dhuwal, Djambarrpuyngu, Ritarungo, Wong-gie and Kaurna, compared with that of English.
The list includes:
- Gurindji — Pama-Nyungan language (Ngumpin branch, has many Yirram and Jarrakan loanwords)
- Warlpiri — Pama-Nyungan language (Ngarrkic branch)
- Ngaanyatjarra — Pama-Nyungan language (Southwest branch)
- Yolngu — Pama-Nyungan language (Yolngu branch)
- Kaurna — Pama-Nyungan language (Thura-Yura branch)
- Badimaya — Pama-Nyungan language (Kartu branch)
| № | English | Gurindji | Ngaanyatjarra | Warlpiri | Yolngu (includes Dhuwal, Djambarrpuyngu and Ritarungo) |
Wong-gie | Kaurna | Badimaya | Lang8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | ngayu | -rna | ngaju(lu) | ngie-yoo | ngai, ngathu (erg.) | ngadhu | ||
| 2 | you (singular) |
nyuntu | -n | nyuntu(lu) | nõõ-rru | niina, nintu (erg.) | nhundu | ||
| 3 | he | nyantu | (0) | ngula | bu-loo | pa, padlu (erg.) | balu | ||
| 4 | we | ngaliwa (incl.), ngantipa (excl.) |
-la(n) (incl.), -latju (excl.) | -rnalu, -rlipa | ngul-lee-bu | ngadlu, ngadli (dual) | ngalimi (2pl), ngalidya (2du) | ||
| 5 | you (plural) |
nyurrulu | -ya(n) | -npala | na, nintu (erg.), niwa (dual) | nhuradya, nhubadya | |||
| 6 | they | nyarrulu | -ya | -lu | thun-nu | parna, purla (dual) | dhanha | ||
| 7 | this | nyampu | nhungu-nhu | iya | nhinha | ||||
| 8 | that | ngula | naa-rraa-nhu | ngu | banha | ||||
| 9 | here | nyampu | nhung-uth-thu | ityangka | nhinha-la | ||||
| 10 | there | yinya | nu-rru-thu | nguntya | banha-la, nhandi | ||||
| 11 | who | ngana | ngun-nu-loo | ngaa | ngana | ||||
| 12 | what | nyarrpa | ngun-nun-nhu | waathana | nha | ||||
| 13 | where | nyarrpara | wun-thu-doo | waamu | wandi | ||||
| 14 | when | nyangurla | bu-lõõnth-thun-noo | nala-alati | nha-la | ||||
| 15 | how | nyarrpa | yaal-jee | ngaintyarlu | ya | ||||
| 16 | not | kula | gum-moo | -yaku | wirdi | ||||
| 17 | all | purrp | muku | binh-nin-noo bu-loo-nhu | tupa | badiwi, mudiwi | |||
| 18 | many | jarrwa | bi-rn-nee | -tawata | yagu | ||||
| 19 | some | -walija | kurturlu | kutyu | dyalga | ||||
| 20 | few | murrkunpurru | marnkurrpa | thõõng-gõõ-r-nhee-nhu | tukutya | ||||
| 21 | other | -kari | -kari | gõõth-thoo-bu-nhu | -dala | ||||
| 22 | one | jintaku | kutju | kuju | gõõth-thoo | kuma(nti) | gurriya | ||
| 23 | two | kujarra | kutjarra | jirrama | gõõth-thu-rru | purlaityi | gudha | ||
| 24 | three | murrkun | marnkurr(pa) | marnkurrpa | mun-gõõ-rr-bu | marnkutyi | gadyadi | ||
| 25 | four | kujarra-kujarra | kutjarra-kutjarra | gõõth-thu-rru-gõõth-thu-rru | yarapurla | gudha gudhara | |||
| 26 | five | ngarra | mara | rdaka | mila | mara | |||
| 27 | big | japiya,wiri | bõõ-ri-gu-nhu & jung-u-ru | yathu | yagu | ||||
| 28 | long | kawarta | wo-ru-nhu | tuwina | wanara | ||||
| 29 | wide | wantiki | lib-bee-lib-bee | yarru | |||||
| 30 | thick | (scrub) thõõl-jõõl | partu | ||||||
| 31 | heavy | wapu | bõõ-rd-doo thaal-lee run-nhee | yuparra | |||||
| 32 | small | wita | thõõng-gõõ-r-nhee-nhu | tuku | dyuba | ||||
| 33 | short | thõõng-gõõ-r-nhee-tu-hu | nadli | bulamarda | |||||
| 34 | narrow | thin-bee | turtpa | ||||||
| 35 | thin | gu-wu-du-rr-gu | putyurra | ||||||
| 36 | woman | janka, nampiyita | minyma | karnta, mardukuja, rduju | miyalk, dhayka | min-mu, nõõn-ngu | ngangki | murni | |
| 37 | man (adult male) |
malyju | wati | wati | bõõn-doo & wod-dee | miyu | bagali | ||
| 38 | man (human being) |
ngumpit | yarnangu | yapa | yun-ung-oo | miyu | nyunga | ||
| 39 | child (a youth) |
karu | tjilku, tjitji | kurdu | thith-thee, tjilku-tuku | wakwaku, ngartu | gadya | ||
| 40 | wife | janka | kurri, yamatji | ngie-yoo-goo yum-uth-thee | yangarra, kartu | mudyi | |||
| 41 | husband | ngumparna | kurri, yamatji | gõõ-rree | ngupa, yarlina | mudyi | |||
| 42 | mother | ngamayi | ngunytju | japunku | ngõõn-thoo | ngangkita | bibi | ||
| 43 | father | ngaji | mama | mum-mu | yarlita | mama | |||
| 44 | animal | ngarin | yanamul(pa) (English) | gõõg-gu (meat) | pardu | ||||
| 45 | fish | yawu | kapingkatja | yaku | won-um-bee, ji-lu (watersnake) | kuya | gwinilya ~ winalya | ||
| 46 | bird | jurlak | tjurlpu | jurlpu | ji-rd-du | winaityinaityi | dyidamin | ||
| 47 | dog | warlaku | papa | maliki, jarntu | nim-moo | kadli | dhudhu ~ dudhu | ||
| 48 | louse | wutu (head), wawuyany (body) | tjirtu, wirnka | lutu | gõõl-loo & win-gu | kudlu | |||
| 49 | snake | kuljany | lirru | warna | li-rroo; gun-bu | (no known generic word) | dyiga | ||
| 50 | worm | katjany(pa) | gud-dul-gu(maggot);wun-gu(grub) | wuumi | |||||
| 51 | tree | karnti | purnu, warta | watiya | word-du | (no known generic word) | winda | ||
| 52 | forest | manyja | thõõl-jõõl | wirra | |||||
| 53 | stick (of wood) |
kiyarri | purnu, warta | wo-rd-du & bõõ-rn-noo | katha | winda, biragili | |||
| 54 | fruit | mangarri | mirrka | ngu-roo | |||||
| 55 | seed | timpi | yurniny(pa) | kuula, ngurlu | ling-gee | ||||
| 56 | leaf | jalyi | nyarlpi | jalyirrpa | yõõl-boo lõõ-rree | tinkyu | biragili, mindyali | ||
| 57 | root | wirnturru | marrpuri | marrpiri | wo-rd-du & bõõ-rn-noo | wayita | dyula | ||
| 58 | bark (of tree) |
parnnga | likarra | pangki | lig-gu-rru | paka | likarra (dry bark) | ||
| 59 | flower | yirna | purtipulawa | jinjirla | jid-dun-jid-dun | mitika | |||
| 60 | grass | yuka | yukiri | mulkunju | yõõ-gõõ-ree & thun-ju | tutha | |||
| 61 | rope | muntiri | purturru | ngalyipi | ngari | ||||
| 62 | skin (of a person) |
wajawurr | minyarra | parrka | mu-r-du-mu-r-du & mu-roo-nhu | parrpa | wunya | ||
| 63 | meat (as in flesh) |
ngarin | kuka | kuyu, jayapi | gõõg-gu; kuka | itya | dhuru | ||
| 64 | blood | kungulu | purlarr(pa), yirrami | yalyu, yirrimiji | yi-rru-mee | karti | nguba, yarlgu | ||
| 65 | bone | kuyuwarn | tarrka | yungkurnu | du-rr-gu | warpu | dhaba | ||
| 66 | fat (noun) |
wararr | karnpi | wanupurrku | mõõ-dõõ-rr-gu (fat on meat) | paitpurla, kurrkurla | ganu | ||
| 67 | egg | kampij | ngampu | mula, ngipiri | ngum-boo | muka | ngawu | ||
| 68 | horn | wirnturru | wirlkarra | ||||||
| 69 | tail | jawut | wipu | wipi | wib-boo | warti | nundi | ||
| 70 | feather (rather not down) |
pinkirr | purrmu | wapa | ngarlbu | ||||
| 71 | hair | kartpi | mangka | marnilpa | mung-gu | yuka | manggalya | ||
| 72 | head | ngarlaka | kata | jurru | gud-du & thõõl-gõõl-bu | mukarta | maga | ||
| 73 | ear | langa | pina | kuranpa | bin-nu | yuri | gulga ~ gurlga | ||
| 74 | eye | mila | kuru | milpa | gõõ-roo | miina | guru | ||
| 75 | nose | jitji | mulya | mulyu | mõõl-lu | mudlha | mulya | ||
| 76 | mouth | lirra | tjaa | lirra, jamaru | thaa | taa | ira ~ irra | ||
| 77 | tooth (rather not molar) |
lirra | kartirti | patiri | gu-r-di-r-dee | tia | ira ~ irra | ||
| 78 | tongue | jalany | tjarliny(pa) | jalanypa | thaa-lin | tadlanya | dyalang | ||
| 79 | fingernail | lipi | miltji | miljarnpa | mil-jee | marapirri | |||
| 80 | foot | jamana | tjina | wirliya | jin-nu | tidna | dyina | ||
| 81 | leg | jamana | tjarlpa, murnngu | warlapirti | thul-bu | yarku (lower), miti (upper) | mambu | ||
| 82 | knee | tingarri | murti | mirdi | mõõ-rd-dee | mampa | dyarda | ||
| 83 | hand | wartarn | mara | marumpu | mu-ru | mara | mara | ||
| 84 | wing | pinkirr | nyarlpi, yamirri | jiwirnpa | tarlti, wampi | ||||
| 85 | belly | majul | mukala, tjuni | miyalu | thõõn-nee & nõõ-roo | munthu | wari | ||
| 86 | guts | lupu | nyurru | lupu | nyõõ-roo (intestine) | munthu | wari | ||
| 87 | neck | ngirlkirri | ngurnti | waninja | ngõõn-dee | yurni | ngan | ||
| 88 | back | parntawurru | wirtapi | kalapu | gõõl-dõõng-gu | yumu | warru | ||
| 89 | breast | ngapurlu | mimi | lampurnu | mim-mee & yib-bee | ngami | mimi | ||
| 90 | heart | tulang | kurturtu | kurturdurru | gõõ-r-dõõ-r-doo | pultha | gurradu ~ gudadu ~ gurdurdu | ||
| 91 | liver | malumpa | kamarntu, yalu | yilima | yul-loo | tangka | marirri | ||
| 92 | to drink | kukij paya- | tjikilku | thig-gil-lu | ngarkunthi | ngal | |||
| 93 | to eat | jaartkarra nga- | ngalku | ngarni | ngu-lu | mainthi | ngal | ||
| 94 | to bite | paya- | patjalku | buth-thul-lu | payanthi | badya | |||
| 95 | to suck | nyuk paya- | yun-thoo | nuinpinthi | |||||
| 96 | to spit | nyinypa | gõõl-bõõ-rr | tadlipanthi | |||||
| 97 | to vomit | thun-du-ru | kapinthi | ||||||
| 98 | to blow (as wind) |
parnkami | thawl-bu | kurrurrinthi | yuwaka | ||||
| 99 | to breathe | ngaany-kijirni | ngaal-mun-nhee | wingku patirrinthi | |||||
| 100 | to laugh | ngarlarrimi | yig-gu-ree | karnkinthi | ginggila | ||||
| 101 | to see | nyanyi | nug-goo | nakunthi | nha | ||||
| 102 | to hear | gõõl-lee-lu | yuri kurrinthi | guwa-nda | |||||
| 103 | to know (a fact) |
nin-dee | tampinthi | mirnu | |||||
| 104 | to think | manggi-nyanyi | raw gõõl-lee-lu | yailtyanthi | |||||
| 105 | to smell (sense odor) |
parntilku | bu-rn-dee | mudlhanthi | bandi | ||||
| 106 | to fear | ngõõl-loo | wayikurtanthi | wayiny-ba | |||||
| 107 | to sleep | ngarriku | jarda | gõõ-rn-gõõ-rn & ngu-rring-oo | miituthungki | gubulya | |||
| 108 | to live | wu-rn-gu | purrutinthi | ||||||
| 109 | to die | mi-rree | murla | ||||||
| 110 | to kill | mi-rree thõõn-goo & mi-rrin dul-lu | padlu-apinthi | murla-nda | |||||
| 111 | to fight | bi-gu bõõng-goo-lun-nhee | kurntanthi | bu-ngu-dya | |||||
| 112 | to hunt (transitive) |
wog-gu-run-nhee | yakanthi | wadha | |||||
| 113 | to hit | pakarni | bõõ-waa, bõõng-oo | parltanthi | bu | ||||
| 114 | to cut | pajirni | gul-thõõ-rr bõõ-waa | pakinthi | garda-ba | ||||
| 115 | to split | kirrirlarrirni | bole-bõõ-waa | tarra-arkanthi | |||||
| 116 | to stab (or stick) |
pantirni | wog-gul-goo | pungkunthi | dha-nda | ||||
| 117 | to scratch (an itch) |
larrjirni | bi-rri-lu & bõõ-rr-joo | nunanthi | bayabaya | ||||
| 118 | to dig | karlami | thu-wul-lu | pakanthi | baya | ||||
| 119 | to swim | num-bõõl-ul-lu | parrinthi | ||||||
| 120 | to fly | wira-ngarni | baa-rr-baa gul-goo | wampinthi | |||||
| 121 | to walk | yani | jin-nu maa bith-thu & thul-gu-goo | padninthi | dyina-nggu | ||||
| 122 | to come | marral-yani | bith-thu & ngul-lu | pudnanthi | yan | ||||
| 123 | to lie (as on one's side) |
ngunami | ngu-rree - gu-rree | wantinthi | ngarri | ||||
| 124 | to sit | nyi-nu | tikanthi | nyina | |||||
| 125 | to stand | ngu-ru | yuwanthi | yuga | |||||
| 126 | to turn (change direction) |
bin-gõõd-dul-lu | mikarrinthi | ||||||
| 127 | to fall (as in drop) |
wantimi | bõõn-gul-lu | turrukanthi | wara | ||||
| 128 | to give | yinyi | ngul-lu - yoo-waa | yungkunthi | yu | ||||
| 129 | to hold (in one's hand) |
mardarni | gun-yil-lu, wil-doo-lu,mu-rru, wid-dõõ - bõõ-waa | ga | |||||
| 130 | to squeeze | yipirni | thõõl-gõõl-lu | parntanthi | |||||
| 131 | to rub | wod-dõõl-lu & nyid-dil-lu | kurlinthi | ||||||
| 132 | to wash | paljirni | nim-moe-nee | kuntunthi | |||||
| 133 | to wipe | rõõ-aal - bõõ-waa | muyinthi | ||||||
| 134 | to pull | wuturr-mani | yil-lul-lu | manthi | |||||
| 135 | to push | yirntirni | yõõn-dõõl-lu | yudlurrinthi | dyambardaba | ||||
| 136 | to throw | wu-rn-nee & rõõng-gul-lu | patinthi | waniwani | |||||
| 137 | to tie | wayirni | gu-rr-bil-lu | ||||||
| 138 | to sew | gu-rn-bee gul-lu | nayanthi | waladya | |||||
| 139 | to count | yiin-kijirni | mu-rung-goo nin-dee-lu | wanpa-wanpanthi | |||||
| 140 | to say | wangkami | woth-thu-lu | wangkanthi | wangga | ||||
| 141 | to sing | yunparni | yin-gu | karltamanthi | mama | ||||
| 142 | to play | manyu-karrimi | yin-gu | mukanthi | ngadadya | ||||
| 143 | to float | julyurl-ngunami | gub-bee gud-dõõng-gu | ||||||
| 144 | to flow | gub-bee gõõ-gõõ-rr-mun-nhee & yin-dul - mun-nhee | wayinthi | ||||||
| 145 | to freeze | yu-rl-lu bõõ-yõõ-noo | makiminthi | ||||||
| 146 | to swell | jarntarr-pardimi | mawl - ju-rru | malyuminthi | |||||
| 147 | sun | wurlngarn | tjirntu | purangu, wanta, yirrijiji | ghõõl-lee mul-lu | tirntu | garang | ||
| 148 | moon | jakiliny | kirnara | kirntangi | bi-ru gith-thil-lee | kakirra | wilaya ~ wilara | ||
| 149 | star | kiki | pirntirri | wirlpa | mul-lu mul-lu | purli | bundara | ||
| 150 | water | ngawa | kapi | ngapa, nguku | gub-bee, kapi, kumpurli | kauwi | gabi | ||
| 151 | rain | yipu | kapi | ngapa | gub-bee bõõn-gaa-run-nhee, yaa-rr-gu | kunturu | gabidyi | ||
| 152 | river | pari | warn | ||||||
| 153 | lake | ngarna, muluwurru | pangka | ||||||
| 154 | sea (as in ocean) |
wangkuwala | walaya | yarlu | wirlu | ||||
| 155 | salt | karang | parntu | pakadla, miri | |||||
| 156 | stone | wumara | purli, yapu | pirli | purdi | marda | |||
| 157 | sand | warrayarl | parna | walya | warra | barnabarna | |||
| 158 | dust | manta | puyu | murdu | dhugu | ||||
| 159 | earth (as in soil) |
janja, ngurra (land) | manta | yanjarra | yarta | barna | |||
| 160 | cloud | maarn | kurtu-kurtu | mangkurdu | maku | mandala ~ mandarda | |||
| 161 | fog | kaparru | puyulykura, tjiyu | puyuku-yuku | madlu | ||||
| 162 | sky | kulumarra | yilkari | yalkiri | karra | bili | |||
| 163 | wind (as in breeze) |
wumaj | pirriya | payi | warri | windhu | |||
| 164 | snow | murrupa | maadlhu | ||||||
| 165 | ice | murrupa | maki | ||||||
| 166 | smoke | jungkart | puyu, tjunarn(pa) | kunjuru, yulyurdu | tumpu | dyudu | |||
| 167 | fire | warlu | waru | warlu | ngauwa, karla | wadyan | |||
| 168 | ash | puna | tjurnpa | puna | ngunkunya | burna | |||
| 169 | to burn (intransitive) |
jiya- | kampaku | jankami | ngardlinthi | dhaba | |||
| 170 | road | warntarri | yiwarra | tapa | wagardi | ||||
| 171 | mountain | ngarlaka | purli, yapu | ngarnka | karnu | ||||
| 172 | red | winkilying | tjitirn-tjitirn(pa) | tirirtiri | karrku, taltharni | binma | |||
| 173 | green | wurrkawurrkal | yukiri-yukiri | wikirri-wikirri | kardalta | ||||
| 174 | yellow | karrikurn-karrikurn | ngurtu-ngurtu | karntawarra-karntawarra | wiranirana | ||||
| 175 | white | waki | pirntal(pa) | kardirri | parkana | biluny | |||
| 176 | black | mumpung | waru | pulyuna | mawurdu | ||||
| 177 | night | kaputa | munga | munga | ngulthi | maru | |||
| 178 | day (daytime) |
wurlngarn | tjirntu | parra | tirntu | dyigarda | |||
| 179 | year | parunga | kurli | wanta | warltati | ||||
| 180 | warm (as in weather) |
warujarri | warlta | walba, bawul | |||||
| 181 | cold (as in weather) |
marlirri | manya | murdi | |||||
| 182 | full | tjaalyngaraku | -purtu | ||||||
| 183 | new | jalayalang | nuupalya | yalakiana | |||||
| 184 | old | kajirri | liljiri | pukiana | dyudya | ||||
| 185 | good | punyu | marni | barany | |||||
| 186 | bad | wankaj | maju | yukuna | dhadha ~ dharra | ||||
| 187 | rotten (as, a log) |
puka | tungki | gardagarda-ng (fell apart) | |||||
| 188 | dirty | yartapurtu | mirdi | ||||||
| 189 | straight | maturta | wulgu | ||||||
| 190 | round | jakurdanpari | mukumukurru | ||||||
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) |
tiarrka | milgu-bari (has a point) | ||||||
| 192 | dull (as a knife) |
tiyatina | |||||||
| 193 | smooth | karaly(pa) | pithapitha | ||||||
| 194 | wet | miny-minypa | nungurru | ||||||
| 195 | dry (adjective) |
murla | bunyan (has dried up) | ||||||
| 196 | right (correct) |
numa | |||||||
| 197 | near | yitingka | ityangka | ||||||
| 198 | far | riwa-riwa | kardadla | warda | |||||
| 199 | right (side) |
turturntu | wulgu-gardi (straight side) | ||||||
| 200 | left (side) |
yurdina | dhambu-gardi (crooked side) | ||||||
| 201 | at | -ngka | -la, -ngga, etc. | ||||||
| 202 | in | -ngka | -la, -ngga, etc. | ||||||
| 203 | with (accompanying) |
-tjarra | -taikurri | -bari (possession, control), -banha (coordination, accompaniment) | |||||
| 204 | and | ||||||||
| 205 | if | -ma | |||||||
| 206 | because | -pira | |||||||
| 207 | name | yini | yini, manytji | yirdi | nari | yini |
Sources
[edit]- Ngaanyatjarra & Ngaatjatjarra to English dictionary. Amee Glass and Dorothy Hackett, et. al., ed. Alice Springs, NT: IAD Press, 2003
- McConvell, Patrick. 2009. "Gurindji vocabulary" In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) World Loanword Database. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, 842 entries. http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/31
- Swartz, Stephen M. 2012. "Warlpiri-English Dictionary". Australian Society for Indigenous Languages (ASIL).
External links
[edit]
- Gurindji Vocabulary List (from the World Loanword Database)
- Information on Warlpiri
- Warlpirir - Lexicon