何

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See also: 伺, 向, 同, and 回
何 U+4F55, 何
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F55
← 佔
[U+4F54] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 佖 →
[U+4F56]

Translingual

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Stroke order
0 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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何 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一弓口 (OMNR), four-corner 21220, composition ⿰亻可)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 98, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 511
  • Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 130, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4F55

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 何
alternative forms ⿰彳可

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 何
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j18879
j18880
j18881
j18882
j18883
j18884
j18885
j18886
j18887
j18888
j18889
j18890
j18891
j18892
j18893
j18894
j18895
j18896
j18897
j18898
j18899
j18901
j18902
j18903
j18904
j18905
j18906
j18907
j18908
j18909
j18910
j18911
j18913
j18914
j18915
j18916
j18917
j18918
j18919
j18920
j18921
j18922
j18923
j18924
j18925
j18926
j18927
j18928
j18929
j18930
j18931
b12289
b12290
s05736
Transcribed ancient scripts
L32362
L08383
L08384
L08385
L08386
L08387
L08377
L08378
L08379
L08380
L08381
L08382
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
砢 *ɡ·raːlʔ
柯 *kaːl
菏 *kaːl, *ɡaːl
牁 *kaːl
滒 *kaːl
哥 *kaːl
歌 *kaːl
謌 *kaːl
鴚 *kaːl
哿 *kaːlʔ
舸 *kaːlʔ
笴 *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ
軻 *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂 *kʰaːl
可 *kʰaːlʔ
岢 *kʰaːlʔ
坷 *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
蚵 *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl
呵 *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls
訶 *qʰaːl
抲 *qʰaːl
荷 *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何 *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
河 *ɡaːl
苛 *ɡaːl
魺 *ɡaːl
袔 *ɡaːls
阿 *qaːl
妸 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
疴 *qaːl, *kʰraːls
鈳 *qaːl
娿 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
痾 *qaːl
跒 *kʰraːlʔ
閜 *qʰraːlʔ

In the oracle bone script, a pictogram (象形) : a man carrying something on their shoulder – the original form of 荷 (OC *ɡaːlʔ, “to carry”).

The object being carried may have been 戈 (gē), in which case the character is also an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl, “dagger-axe”).

In the bronze inscriptions, some forms of the character were phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ), from which the modern form derives.

Etymology

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Cognate with the following interrogative pronouns:

  • 胡 (OC *ɡaː, “what; why”)
  • 奚 (OC *ɡeː, “what; why; where”)
  • 曷 (OC *ɡaːd, “why”)
  • 盍 (OC *ɡaːb, “why not”): from the fusion of 何不 (OC *ɡaːl pɯ, “why not”)

In Sino-Tibetan, cognate with Tibetan ག་ན (ga na, “where; how”), Tibetan ག་རུ (ga ru, “to where”) (Schuessler, 2007).

STEDT, on the other hand, compares 何 (OC *ɡaːlʔ) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka (“which; like; deictic; interrogative”), to which 幾 (OC *kɯlʔ, “how many”) and 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ, “how”) are also compared.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • hô/hô͘ - literary (incl. surname);
  • ôa - vernacular.
Rime
Character 何
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡歌切
Baxter ha
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɑ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦɑ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦa/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɑ/
Wang
Li 		/ɣɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hé
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ho4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 何
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ha ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁaj/
English what

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 何
Reading # 1/2
No. 7458
Phonetic
component 		可
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		何
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡaːl/

Definitions

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何

  1. (literary, interrogative pronoun asking for the specification of an identity, quantity, quality, etc. of something) what; which
    何處／何处  ―  héchù  ―  where [lit. what place]
    何日  ―  hérì  ―  what day; when
  2. (literary) where; what place
    何去何從／何去何从  ―  héqùhécóng  ―  what course to follow or take
  3. (literary, interrogative pronoun asking for reason, manner, etc. of an action) why; how
    何必  ―  hébì  ―  why must you
    何不  ―  hébù  ―  why not
  4. (literary) (forming emphatic sentences) so; such; what; how
  5. a surname
    何應欽／何应钦  ―  Hé Yìngqīn  ―  He Yingqin (Kuomintang general)
    何鴻燊／何鸿燊 [Cantonese]  ―  ho4 hung4 san1 [Jyutping]  ―  Stanley Ho (Hong Kong billionaire)
Quotations
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Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 什麼 (“what”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 何
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 什麼, 恁麼 obsolete
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 什麼, 嗎兒
Taiwan 什麼
Chengde 什麼
Chifeng 啥
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 什麼, 啥
Heihe 什麼, 啥
Qiqihar 什麼, 啥
Harbin 什麼, 啥
Jiamusi 什麼, 啥
Baicheng 啥
Changchun 啥
Tonghua 啥
Shenyang 什麼, 啥
Jinzhou 什麼, 啥
Malaysia 什麼
Singapore 什麼
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 嗎
Tangshan 啥
Cangzhou 什麼, 嗎
Baoding 什麼
Shijiazhuang 啥
Lijin 啥, 啥稿兒
Weifang (Weicheng) 啥, 什麼
Weifang (Fangzi) 什麼
Changle 啥, 什麼
Shouguang 啥嘎
Rizhao 什麼
Wulian 什麼
Jinan 麼兒, 麼, 什麼, 麼個
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 什麼
Dandong 什麼, 啥
Yantai 什麼
Yantai (Muping) 麼, 麼個
Qingdao 什麼
Weifang (Hanting) 什麼
Changyi 什麼
Gaomi 什麼
Zhucheng 什麼
Anqiu 什麼
Linqu 什麼
Qingzhou 啥, 什麼嘎
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 啥
Lingbao 啥兒
Jining 什麼
Wanrong 色
Linfen 啥
Shangqiu 啥
Yuanyang 什麼
Zhengzhou 啥
Xinyang 啥
Baihe 啥
Xi'an 什麼, 啥
Baoji 啥, 咋麼
Tianshui 啥
Xining 啥
Xuzhou 什麼, 啥, 啥子
Fuyang 什麼, 啥
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 啥
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 什麼, 啥
Lanzhou 什麼, 啥
Dunhuang 啥
Hami 什麼, 啥
Ürümqi 啥
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 啥子
Nanchong 啥, 啥子
Dazhou 啥子
Hanyuan 啥, 啥子
Xichang 啥子
Zigong 啥子
Chongqing 啥子
Wuhan 什麼, 麼事
Yichang 什麼兒
Xiangyang 什麼, 啥子
Tianmen 什麼, 什麼的
Lhasa 啥子
Guiyang 哪樣
Zunyi 啷個, 啥子
Bijie 哪樣, 啷子
Liping 甚子
Zhaotong 什麼, 啥子
Dali 咋個
Kunming 什麼, 哪樣
Mengzi 哪樣
Guilin 什麼
Guilin (Lingui) 什麼
Guanyang 什麼
Liuzhou 什麼
Liuzhou (Luorong) 什麼
Jishou 什麼
Changde 麼得
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 麼子
Hanzhong 啥子
Dagudi (Maliba) 什麼
Reshuitang (Longling) 什麼
Mae Salong (Lancang) 哪樣, 什麼
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 什麼
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 什麼
Yangzhou 什麼
Lianyungang 什麼
Lianshui 什麼
Nantong 甚呢
Anqing 什麼, 麼東西
Wuhu 什麼
Hefei 什麼, 哄, 哄個
Hong'an 什麼, 麼事, 麼東西
Cantonese Guangzhou 乜嘢, 咩嘢, 乜, 咩
Hong Kong 乜嘢, 咩嘢, 乜, 咩
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 咩嘢
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 乜嘢
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 咩嘢
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 咩嘢
Macau 乜嘢
Guangzhou (Panyu) 乜嘢
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 乜嘢
Guangzhou (Conghua) 乜嘢
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 乜嘢
Foshan 乜嘢
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 乜嘢
Foshan (Shunde) 乜嘢
Foshan (Sanshui) 乜嘢
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 乜嘢
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 乜嘢
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 乜嘢
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 乜
Zhuhai (Doumen) 乜
Jiangmen (Baisha) 乜嘢
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 乜
Taishan 乜, 乜嘢
Taishan (Guanghai) 乜, 乜嘎
Kaiping (Chikan) 乜, 乜啊, 乜嘢
Enping (Niujiang) 乜嘢
Heshan (Yayao) 乜嘢
Dongguan 乜嘢, 乜
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 乜嘢
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 乜嘢, 乜
Yangjiang 乜, 乜嘢
Wuzhou 乜嘢
Hepu (Lianzhou) 物底
Guiping 乜嘢
Mengshan (Xihe) 什麼
Beiliu (Tangliao) 乜嘢
Baise 乜嘢
Qinzhou 乜嘢, 乜
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 乜底
Beihai 乜嘢
Beihai (Nankang) 乜嘢
Beihai (Yingpan) 乜底
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 乜嘢
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 乜嘢
Hengzhou 哪門
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 乜嘢
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 乜嘢, 咩
Penang (Guangfu) 乜嘢, 咩
Singapore (Guangfu) 乜嘢, 咩, 乜
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 乜嘢
Móng Cái 乜嘢
Yangon (Taishan) 乜
Gan Nanchang 什哩
Lichuan 什仔
Pingxiang 咋個
Hakka Meixian 麼個
Xingning 麼個
Dabu (Gaobei) 麼個
Fengshun (Tangkeng) 麼個
Fengshun (Fengliang) 麼個
Fengshun (Pantian) 麼個
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 乜嘢
Huiyang 麼個
Huidong (Daling) 麼個
Dongguan (Qingxi) 麼個
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 麼個
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 乜嘢
Wuhua (Huacheng) 麼個
Wengyuan 麼個
Nanxiong (Zhuji) 什麼
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 麼個
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 麼個
Liannan 麼個
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 麼個
Jiexi 麼個
Luhe 麼個
Changting 麼個, 什西哩, 什西
Wuping 麼個, 麼事
Wuping (Pingyu) 麼個
Liancheng 麼個, 什麼
Ninghua 什麼
Yudu 子個
Ruijin 咩, 唔幾
Shicheng 什麼
Shangyou (Shexi) 哪個, 哪項, 個哪, 哪
Tonggu (Sandu) 麼個
Ganzhou (Panlong) 什麼
Dayu 什麼
Taoyuan 麼個
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 麼個
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 麼個
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 麼個
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 麼個
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 麼個
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 麼個
Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng) 麼個
Hong Kong 麼個
Mengshan (Xihe) 麼個
Luchuan 麼個
Senai (Huiyang) 麼個
Kuching (Hepo) 麼個
Singkawang 麼個
Pontianak (Meixian) 麼個
Singapore (Dabu) 麼個
Bangkok (Meixian) 麼個
Bangkok (Fengshun) 麼個
Huizhou Jixi 麼仂
Shexian 麼二
Jin Taiyuan 甚
Yangyuan 什麼, 啥, 咋, 甚
Datong 啥
Xinzhou 甚
Lüliang (Lishi) 甚
Changzhi 什麼
Linhe 什麼, 甚
Jining 甚
Hohhot 甚
Erenhot 什麼, 甚
Pingshan 什麼兒
Zhangjiakou 什麼
Handan 什麼, 啥
Linzhou 啥
Suide 什麼, 甚
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 啥哩
Northern Min Jian'ou 孰事, 孰麼, 孰麼事
Jian'ou (Dikou) 橘二, 橘二事
Songxi 什麼事
Jianyang 孰事
Wuyishan 什麼事
Pucheng (Shibei) 孰麼, 孰, 孰麼事, 孰事, 孰麼契, 孰契
Eastern Min Fuzhou 什乇, 什名, 什乇名, 面乇名
Fuzhou (Changle) 什乇
Fuqing 什乇, 乜乇
Pingtan 什乇
Yongtai 哪乇
Gutian 乇, 什乇
Fu'an 乜乇
Ningde 哪乇
Shouning 呢乇
Zhouning 乜乇
Fuding 哪乇
Matsu 什乇
Singapore (Fuqing) 什乇
Southern Min Xiamen 什物, 啥物, 啥貨
Xiamen (Tong'an) 什物
Quanzhou 啥物, 乜
Jinjiang 啥物
Nan'an 什物
Shishi 啥物
Hui'an 什物
Anxi 啥物
Yongchun 啥物
Dehua 啥物
Zhangzhou 哪貨仔, 哪貨, 哪仔, 哪物仔, 哪物, 什物, 啥物, 啥貨, 啥物仔, 啥貨仔
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 啥物, 啥
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 啥
Hua'an 什物
Nanjing 哪物
Pinghe 啥物
Zhangpu 啥貨
Yunxiao 什物仔
Zhao'an 什物
Dongshan 什物
Taipei 啥貨, 啥物, 啥
Taipei (Wanhua) 啥物
New Taipei (Sanxia) 啥
Kaohsiung 啥, 啥貨, 啥物
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 啥物, 啥
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 啥物, 啥
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 啥物, 啥
Yilan 啥貨, 啥物貨
Changhua (Lukang) 啥物, 啥貨
Taichung 啥, 啥貨
Taichung (Wuqi) 啥物
Tainan 啥物, 啥貨
Taitung 啥物
Hsinchu 啥, 啥物
Kinmen 啥貨, 啥物, 什物, 物代
Penghu (Magong) 啥貨, 物代
Penang (Hokkien) 何物
Singapore (Hokkien) 什物
Manila (Hokkien) 啥物
Medan (Hokkien) 何物
Longyan 什物
Datian 啥貨, 什物
Chaozhou 乜個, 乜
Shantou 乜個, 乜
Shantou (Chenghai) 乜個
Shantou (Chaoyang) 乜個
Jieyang 乜個, 乜, 是乜
Haifeng 乜個, 乜
Bangkok (Teochew) 乜個
Phnom Penh (Teochew) 乜個
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 乜個
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 乜個
Singapore (Teochew) 乜個, 什乜, 底個
Batam (Teochew) 乜個, 什乜, 底個
Pontianak (Teochew) 乜個
Leizhou 乜
Wenchang 乜
Haikou 乜, 個乜
Qionghai 乜
Singapore (Hainanese) 乜
Central Min Yong'an 啥貨
Sanming (Sanyuan) 啥貨
Sanming (Shaxian) 啥貨
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 乜儗
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 門, 哪門
Binyang (Xinqiao) 哪門
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 什個
Luxi (Lijiatian) 什家
Wu Shanghai 啥, 啥個, 啥物事
Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) 啥物
Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong) 啥物事
Shanghai (Fengxian) 啥物
Shanghai (Jinshan) 做啥
Shanghai (Qingpu) 哈個
Shanghai (Chongming) 何, 何物, 何物事
Suzhou 啥, 啥個, 啥物事
Wuxi 啥, 啥個, 啥物事, 啥物
Danyang 點高
Hangzhou 啥
Ningbo 啥, 啥西
Wenzhou 何乜
Jinhua 待, 淡
Xiang Changsha 麼子
Loudi 麼子
Shuangfeng 麼子
Quanzhou 什麼
Guanyang (Wenshi) 啥
Dialectal synonyms of 哪裡 (“where”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 何, 何處, 何許, 何所, 何方, 安
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 哪裡, 何處, 什麼地方
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 哪兒, 哪兒合兒 colloquial, 哪合兒 colloquial
Taiwan 哪裡, 哪
Ulanhot 哪兒
Tongliao 哪兒
Chifeng 哪兒
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 哪兒
Harbin 哪兒, 哪疙兒, 哪疙瘩, 哪海兒, 哪塊兒, 哪場兒
Shenyang 哪兒, 哪塊兒
Malaysia 哪裡
Singapore 哪裡
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 哪兒, 哪兒合兒 colloquial, 哪合兒 colloquial
Jinan 哪, 哪裡
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 哪兒, 哪裡, 哪場兒
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 哪兒
Wanrong 哪達, 哪那
Zhengzhou 哪兒
Xi'an 哪搭兒, 哪搭
Xining 哪裡
Xuzhou 哪來, 哪下, 哪點兒
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 哪塌, 哪塌兒, 哪呢
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 哪塌, 哪呢
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 哪點, 哪裡
Bayanhot 哪兒
Lanzhou 哪達, 哪達裡, 哪達兒
Ürümqi 哪達
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 哪兒, 啥子地方, 哪跟前, 哪點兒
Wuhan 哪裡, 啥裡, 哪歇, 哪塊, 哪塊歇, 啥塊, 啥塊些
Guiyang 哪點
Kunming 哪點兒
Guilin 哪塏
Liuzhou 哪裡, 哪, 哪塏, 哪位子, 哪塊, 哪甿
Shanglin (Sanli) 哪點
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 哪裡, 哪塊子
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 哪塊, 哪裡, 哪兒
Yangzhou 哪塊, 哪
Nantong 哪對過, 哪腳下
Hefei 哪格子, 哪蒿子, 哪塊子, 哪塊
Huanggang 哪下兒
Mandarin Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) 哪點
Cantonese Guangzhou 邊度, 邊處, 邊
Hong Kong 邊度, 邊處, 邊
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 選頭
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 選處
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 哪頭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 哪埞
Macau 邊度
Guangzhou (Panyu) 邊度
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 哪度
Guangzhou (Conghua) 哪處
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 星處
Foshan 邊度
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 邊度
Foshan (Shunde) 邊度
Foshan (Sanshui) 邊度
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 邊度
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 邊呢
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 邊處
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 邊
Zhuhai (Doumen) 哪
Jiangmen (Baisha) 邊子
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 邊子
Taishan 哪埞, 哪
Kaiping (Chikan) 哪
Enping (Niujiang) 哪
Heshan (Yayao) 唔址
Dongguan 邊處, 鼠處
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 邊度
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 哪廳
Shaoguan 邊度
Yunfu 邊埞
Yangjiang 邊, 邊處, 邊處塗
Xinyi 庶
Nanning 邊笪埞, 邊笪, 邊啲
Wuzhou 邊啲, 邊笪, 邊笪埞方
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 邊度
Singapore (Guangfu) 邊度, 邊, 邊處
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 邊度
Gan Nanchang 哪裡
Lichuan 哪咑
Pingxiang 哪裡
Hakka Meixian 哪仔, 哪滴
Xingning 哪裡
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 哪呢
Huidong (Daling) 哪等
Dongguan (Qingxi) 哪定
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 哪定
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 哪聽
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 哪子
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 哪望
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 哪定
Changting 哪塊, 哪塊哩, 哪裡, 哪裡哩, 哪角
Wuping (Pingyu) 哪子
Liancheng 哪裡, 哪角
Ninghua 何個, 台角
Ruijin 哪, 哪營子
Shicheng 哪裡
Shangyou (Shexi) 哪當
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 哪位, 哪仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 哪仔, 哪, 哪跡仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 哪位, 哪仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 哪位, 哪
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 哪位, 哪仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 哪位
Hong Kong 哪裡, 哪埞
Sabah (Longchuan) 哪埞
Senai (Huiyang) 哪位
Kuching (Hepo) 哪圍
Singkawang 阿位
Huizhou Jixi 哪塊, 哪個許塊
Shexian 哪個落地
Huangshan (Tunxi) 哪裡
Xiuning 哪裡
Yixian 哪個背兒
Wuyuan 何落
Shitai (Xianyu) 哪裡
Jin Taiyuan 哪裡, 哪兒家
Pingyao 哪兒, 哪底下
Xinzhou 哪兒
Taibus (Baochang) 哪兒
Linhe 哪兒
Jining 哪兒
Hohhot 哪兒
Baotou 哪兒
Dongsheng 哪兒
Haibowan 哪兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 呢底
Jian'ou (Dikou) 呢底
Songxi 呢底
Zhenghe 呢搭底
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 哪底, 哪
Jianyang 哪角底, 哪角
Wuyishan 哪地
Pucheng (Shibei) 呢底
Eastern Min Fuzhou 底所, 底塊 dated or rural
Fuzhou (Changle) 底所
Fuqing 佗落, 途位
Pingtan 佗落
Yongtai 底所
Gutian 底塊
Fu'an 底塊
Ningde 底塊
Shouning 底位穴, 底位
Zhouning 底塊
Matsu 底所
Singapore (Fuqing) 佗落
Southern Min Xiamen 佗落, 佗, 佗一位, 佗位, 佗一帶, 佗帶
Xiamen (Tong'an) 佗落
Quanzhou 佗落, 佗, 佗一位, 底帶
Jinjiang 佗落, 佗一位, 底落
Nan'an 佗落
Shishi 佗落
Hui'an 佗搭, 佗, 佗落
Anxi 佗落
Yongchun 佗落, 寡
Dehua 佗落仔
Zhangzhou 佗落仔, 佗落, 佗位仔, 佗位, 佗, 佗一位
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 佗落仔
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 佗落仔, 佗落
Hua'an 佗仔, 佗位仔
Nanjing 佗落仔
Pinghe 佗落, 佗一位, 佗位, 底位
Zhangpu 佗位
Yunxiao 底仔
Zhao'an 底位, 底落
Dongshan 底位
Taipei 佗位
New Taipei (Sanxia) 佗位
Kaohsiung 佗位
Yilan 佗位, 佗位仔
Changhua (Lukang) 佗落
Taichung 佗位
Tainan 佗位
Hsinchu 佗位
Kinmen 佗, 佗落
Penghu (Magong) 佗位
Penang (Hokkien) 佗落, 佗落位
Singapore (Hokkien) 佗落
Manila (Hokkien) 佗落
Longyan 佗落
Zhangping 佗落, 佗位
Zhangping (Yongfu) 佗落
Datian 底窟
Pingnan (Shangdu) 哪裡
Chaozhou 底塊
Shantou 底塊
Shantou (Chenghai) 底塊
Shantou (Chaoyang) 底囝
Jieyang 底塊
Haifeng 底帶
Bangkok (Teochew) 底塊
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 底一塊
Singapore (Teochew) 底塊
Pontianak (Teochew) 底塊
Leizhou 底跡
Wenchang 帶
Haikou 乜帶, 底帶, 底幅帶, 乜地方, 底內
Qionghai 帶寺
Singapore (Hainanese) 帶
Puxian Min Putian 佗落
Xianyou 底跡, 底落, 佗落
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 哪啲, 哪甿
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 哪裡
Wu Shanghai 阿裡, 阿裡搭, 阿裡頭, 啥地方, 啥個地方, 啥場化 dated, 啥個場化 dated
Shanghai (Songjiang) 何旦, 何裡旦
Shanghai (Qingpu) 哈戶蕩
Shanghai (Jiading) 何裡浪, 何浪
Shanghai (Chongming) 哪墩, 何墩
Suzhou 啥場化, 哪搭
Wuxi 羅裡搭葛, 羅搭
Danyang 哪裡
Hangzhou 哪裡
Ningbo 阿裡, 阿𡍲, 焉𡍲, 啥地方, 啥塢探, 啥塢宕
Wenzhou 狃宕, 狃柢, 狃, 若宕, 若柢
Jinhua 哪裡, 哪汏
Xiang Changsha 哪裡, 何至, 哪當
Xiangtan 哪當
Loudi 哪裡
Shuangfeng 哪裡
Quanzhou 哪裡
Dialectal synonyms of 為什麼 (“why”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 何為, 何以, 何, 何故, 緣何, 胡, 奚, 曷, 胡為
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 為什麼, 為何, 因何, 何以
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 為什麼, 幹嗎, 幹什麼
Taiwan 為什麼
Harbin 為啥
Malaysia 為什麼, 做什麼, 做麼
Singapore 為什麼, 做什麼, 做麼
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 為嘛
Jinan 為麼兒, 為麼, 幹麼兒, 為什麼
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 為麼, 為麼個
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 為啥, 因啥
Xining 為啥
Xuzhou 為啥, 擁啥, 擁什麼
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 為啥
Lanzhou 為啥
Ürümqi 為啥
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 為啥子, 做啥子
Wuhan 做麼事, 為麼事
Guiyang 為哪樣, 為些哪樣
Guilin 為什麼
Liuzhou 為什麼
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 為什麼
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 為什麼
Yangzhou 甚們事, 做事, 做啥, 為甚們 formal
Hefei 怎搞, 怎搞的
Cantonese Guangzhou 點解, 做乜, 做乜嘢, 為乜, 為乜為物, 做乜事幹, 因乜事幹, 因乜解究, 因乜緣故, 何解, 乜, 咩
Hong Kong 點解, 做乜, 做乜嘢, 做咩, 為乜, 為咩, 做乜事幹, 因乜事幹, 因乜解究, 因咩解究, 因乜緣故, 何解, 乜, 咩
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 做乜嘢
Macau 為乜嘢
Guangzhou (Panyu) 點解
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 整乜嘢
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 做乜嘢
Foshan 點解
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 點解
Foshan (Shunde) 為乜嘢
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 因乜嘢, 點解
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 為乜嘢
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 為乜嘢
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 點解
Zhuhai (Doumen) 點解
Jiangmen (Baisha) 點解
Taishan 幾何, 幾解, 做乜, 為乜, 乜頭路
Kaiping (Chikan) 幾解
Enping (Niujiang) 做乜
Dongguan 點解, 做乜嘢, 做乜, 為乜嘢
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 點解
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 點解
Yangjiang 為乜, 為乜事, 做乜, 做乜事, 做乜嘢
Hepu (Lianzhou) 為物底
Qinzhou 為乜嘢, 為乜
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 為乜底
Beihai 為乜嘢
Beihai (Nankang) 做乜嘢
Beihai (Yingpan) 為乜底
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 做乜嘢, 為乜
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 做乜嘢
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 做乜嘢, 為乜
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 點解
Singapore (Guangfu) 點解
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 做乜嘢
Móng Cái 點解, 為乜
Yangon (Taishan) 幾解
Gan Nanchang 為什哩
Pingxiang 為咋個, 為咋哩, 做咋個, 做咋哩, 何解
Hakka Meixian 做麼個
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 做乜嘢, 做嘢
Dongguan (Qingxi) 做麼個
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 做麼個
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 仰解, 做乜嘢
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 為乜嘢
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 為麼個
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 做麼個
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 做麼個
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 做麼個
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 做麼個
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 做麼個
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 做麼個
Hong Kong 做麼個
Jin Taiyuan 為甚, 因為甚, 幹什
Xinzhou 𠰻們
Northern Min Jian'ou 為孰事, 做孰事
Eastern Min Fuzhou 蔣其, 蔣講, 做什乇, 做什名, 幹乜勢, 傒勢
Fuzhou (Changle) 傒勢
Fuqing 介計
Yongtai 蔣其
Gutian 做什乇
Fu'an 做乜乇
Ningde 做乇
Shouning 做呢乇
Zhouning 做乜乇
Fuding 做哪乇
Matsu 為什乇, 蔣其, 蔣講, 做什乇, 傒勢
Southern Min Xiamen 為什物, 按怎, 物代, 敢咧, 創什物
Quanzhou 按怎, 物代
Jinjiang 為啥物
Zhangzhou 按怎
Zhao'an 為甚物
Dongshan 為甚物
Taipei 為啥物, 是按怎
Penang (Hokkien) 何物事, 做物事, 做物
Singapore (Hokkien) 按怎
Manila (Hokkien) 敢哪, 敢哪誌
Chaozhou 做呢
Shantou 做呢
Shantou (Chaoyang) 做呢
Singapore (Teochew) 做呢
Leizhou 作乜, 因乜
Wenchang 作乜, 因乜, 怎作
Haikou 作乜, 作個乜, 作乜物, 因乜, 因個乜
Singapore (Hainanese) 作乜
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 為乜嘢
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 做門, 做哪門, 為哪門
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 為什個
Wu Shanghai 啥體, 為啥, 啥講究, 為啥體, 啥個講究, 啥道理, 為啥道理, 啥個路道, 啥個緣故
Shanghai (Chongming) 為何, 做何
Suzhou 為啥, 為點啥, 做啥, 啥體, 為啥體
Danyang 為點高, 做點高
Hangzhou 為啥
Wenzhou 妝乜, 為何呢, 為乜事幹
Jinhua 為淡事幹, 為待西
Xiang Changsha 為麼子, 何解
Xiangtan 奚解
Loudi 嗎介
Shuangfeng 為麼子, 做麼子

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

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  • → English: He, Ho
  • → Tagalog: Ho (via Hokkien)

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Rime
Character 何
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡可切
Baxter haX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɑX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦɑX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦaX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɑX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ho6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 何
Reading # 2/2
No. 7466
Phonetic
component 		可
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		荷
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡaːlʔ/
Notes 同荷

Definitions

[edit]

何

  1. † Original form of 荷 (“to carry”).

Pronunciation 3

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

何

  1. † Original form of 呵 (“to scold; to criticise; to denounce”).

References

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Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

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何

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. what

Readings

[edit]

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
何
なに
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *n-anu-.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (Tokyo) なに [náꜜnì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [na̠ɲ̟i]
  • Audio:(file)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Interjection

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何(なに) • (nani) 

  1. What?, Huh?

Pronoun

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何(なに) • (nani)  (alternative reading hiragana なん, rōmaji nan)

  1. what
  2. that thing (used in place of words you can't remember at the moment.)

Adverb

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何(なに) • (nani) 

  1. (in the negative) any, whatsoever, at all
    何不自由なく ― nani fujiyū naku ― without any inconvenience

Usage notes

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  • 何 is usually read as なに, but before だ, で, の, it is read as なん. When followed by で, both readings are possible, albeit with different meanings.

Derived terms

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Derived terms from interjection なに/なん
[edit]

Descendants

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See also

[edit]
Japanese demonstratives
ko-
“this”
(close to speaker) 		so-
“that”
(close to listener) 		a-
“that over there”
(far from both) 		do-
“which”
(indeterminate, question)
Object これ (kore) それ (sore) あれ (are) どれ (dore)
これら (korera) それら (sorera) あれら (arera) —
Determiner この (kono) その (sono) あの (ano) どの (dono)
これらの (korera no) それらの (sorera no) あれらの (arera no) —
Kind こんな (konna) そんな (sonna) あんな (anna) どんな (donna)
こういう (kō iu) そういう (sō iu) ああいう (ā iu) どういう (dō iu)
Place ここ (koko) そこ (soko) あそこ (asoko)* どこ (doko)
こっから (kokkara) そっから (sokkara) — どっから (dokkara)
Direction / Human こちら (kochira) そちら (sochira) あちら (achira) どちら (dochira)
こなた (konata) そなた (sonata) あなた (anata) どなた (donata)
Direction こっち (kotchi) そっち (sotchi) あっち (atchi) どっち (dotchi)
Human こいつ (koitsu) そいつ (soitsu) あいつ (aitsu) どいつ (doitsu)
Manner こう (kō) そう (sō) ああ (ā)** どう (dō)
Degree これくらい (kore kurai) それくらい (sore kurai) あれくらい (are kurai) どれくらい (dore kurai)
これだけ (kore dake) それだけ (sore dake) あれだけ (are dake) どれだけ (dore dake)
これほど (kore hodo) それほど (sore hodo) あれほど (are hodo) どれほど (dore hodo)
* irregular
** regular (long vowel)
The kanji 此(こ) (ko), 其(そ) (so), 彼(あ) (a), and 何(ど) (do) can be used for determiners, but they are almost always spelled in hiragana.
Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives
a-/wa-
“I, we”
(first person) 		na-/-ma-
“you, ye, thou”
(second person) 		k-
“this”
(close to speaker) 		s-
“that”
(close to listener) 		a-/ka-
“that over there”
(far from both) 		i-/ta-/nani-
“who, what, where, how, when”
(interrogative) 		ono-
“oneself”
(reflexive)
Person あ (a)
あれ (are)
わ (wa)
われ (ware)
まろ (maro) 		な (na)
なれ (nare)
なんぢ (nanji)
まし (mashi)
いまし (imashi)
みまし (mimashi)
きみ (kimi) 		こ (ko)
これ (kore) 		そ (so)
それ (sore) 		あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare) 		た (ta)
たれ (tare)
なにがし (nanigashi) 		おの (ono)
おのれ (onore)
Thing こ (ko)
これ (kore) 		そ (so)
それ (sore) 		あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare) 		いづれ (izure)
なに (nani)
Location ここ (koko) そこ (soko) あしこ (ashiko)
かしこ (kashiko) 		いづく (izuku)
いづこ (izuko)
いどこ (idoko)
どこ (doko)
Direction こち (kochi)
こなた (konata) 		そち (sochi)
そなた (sonata) 		あち (achi)
あなた (anata)
かなた (kanata) 		いづち (izuchi)
いづら (izura)
いづかた (izukata)
Manner か (ka)
かく (kaku)
かくて (kakute)
かう (kō) 		さ (sa)
さて (sate)
しか (shika) 		いか (ika)
Time いつ (itsu)

Prefix

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何(なん) • (nan-) 

  1. what number, how many (used with a counter)
  2. (used with も) many (used with a counter)
    この広(こう)告(こく)を何(なん)回(かい)も見(み)た
    kono kōkoku o nankai mo mita
    I've seen this ad many times

Derived terms

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Derived terms from prefix なん-

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 何 (MC ha).

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

何 (eumhun 어찌 하 (eojji ha))

  1. Hanja form? of 하 (“how; what”).

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Kunigami

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Kanji

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何

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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何(ぬー) (nū) 

  1. what

Miyako

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Kanji

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何

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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何(のー) (nō) 

  1. what

Okinawan

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Kanji

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何

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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何(ぬー) (nū) 

  1. what

Vietnamese

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Han character

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何: Hán Nôm readings: hà, gã, há

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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Yaeyama

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Kanji

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何

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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何(のー) (nō) 

  1. what

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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何

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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何(ぬー) (nū) 

  1. what
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