之: difference between revisions

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Browse history interactively
← Go to previous editGo to next edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Starborr (talk | contribs)
117 edits
added content
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Daniel.z.tg (talk | contribs)
1,374 edits
Tag: 2017 source edit
Line 91: Line 91:
#* {{zh-x|甘橘，^大厘 城 有 之，其 味 酸。|Dali City has sweet tangerines, but their flavour is sour.|CL|ref={{RQ:Manshu|7|Tea, Trees, Herbs and Fruits|7}}}}
#* {{zh-x|甘橘，^大厘 城 有 之，其 味 酸。|Dali City has sweet tangerines, but their flavour is sour.|CL|ref={{RQ:Manshu|7|Tea, Trees, Herbs and Fruits|7}}}}
#* {{zh-x|第--二 條 關係 雙方 當事人 之 住所，由 雙方 共同 協議；未 為{wéi} 協議 或 協議 不成 時，得 聲請 法院 定 '''之'''。|The residence of both involved parties with the relationship described in the second article is to be jointly settled by both parties; when it has not been settled, or the settlement was unsuccessful, they may request the court to determine '''it'''.|ref='''2019''' May 17, {{lw|zh|司法院釋字第七四八號解釋施行法|pref=《|suf=》}}}}
#* {{zh-x|第--二 條 關係 雙方 當事人 之 住所，由 雙方 共同 協議；未 為{wéi} 協議 或 協議 不成 時，得 聲請 法院 定 '''之'''。|The residence of both involved parties with the relationship described in the second article is to be jointly settled by both parties; when it has not been settled, or the settlement was unsuccessful, they may request the court to determine '''it'''.|ref='''2019''' May 17, {{lw|zh|司法院釋字第七四八號解釋施行法|pref=《|suf=》}}}}

====Usage notes====

Remember that Chinese grammar is more about reducing ambiguity and less about following rules. The other meanings of this word (except the "to go" meaning which may be even older but obsolete) all stem from the pronoun meaning. It roughly means "things" > "'s"/qualifier. Compare {{m+|ja|の}} after a verb > "thing," after a noun > "'s," and after an の-adjective > qualifier. Juxtaposition alone can indicate possession or qualification in Chinese even without this word. The actual purpose of this word is to act like a comma to group the words before it as a noun clause and prevent what comes after from being interpreted as the object of a verb. Consider "上山道" whence "上之山道" (mountain road that is up there) and "上山之道" (road for climbing a mountain). Popular compounds like {{m|zh|食品}} drop the {{m|zh|之}}. Other grammatical characters also work by enforcing a grouping of words. Modern Chinese fossilizes this word and uses {{m|zh|的}} instead, which originally meant "target" > "-like," but similarly took on the "'s"/qualifier meaning.

{{m|zh|之}} is a noun determiner while {{m|zh|然}} is a verb determiner. Consider "吃此藥！不'''之'''，你會死" which would mean "Eat this medicine! If you don't [eat] '''this''' (like if you eat some other medicine), you'll die" and contrast "吃此藥！不'''然'''，你會死" which would mean "Eat this medicine! If you don't '''do this''' (or if you do something else), you'll die."


====Synonyms====
====Synonyms====

Revision as of 00:51, 24 August 2023

See also: え and ㅊ
之 U+4E4B, 之
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4B
← 乊
[U+4E4A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 乌 →
[U+4E4C]

Translingual

Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

之 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+3 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 丿+2 in mainland China and Japanese, 4 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 3 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 戈弓人 (INO), four-corner 30307, composition ⿳丶㇇乀)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 82, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 125
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 43, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E4B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 之
alternative forms 㞢
𠔇
𡳿
の nonstandard

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 之
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j14766
j14767
j14768
j14769
j14770
j14771
j14772
j14773
j14774
j14775
j14776
j14777
j14778
j14779
j14780
j14781
j14782
j14783
j14784
j14785
j14786
j14787
j14788
j14789
j14790
j14791
j14792
j14793
j14794
j14795
j14796
j14797
j14798
j14799
j14800
j14801
j14802
j14803
j14804
j14805
j14806
j14807
j14808
j14809
j14810
j14816
j14817
j14818
j14819
j14820
j14821
j14822
j14823
j14824
j14825
j14826
j14827
j14828
j14829
j14830
j14831
j14832
j14833
j14834
j14835
j14836
j14837
j14838
j14839
j14840
j14841
j14842
j14843
j14844
j14845
j14846
j14847
j14848
j14849
b09079
b09080
b09081
b09082
b09083
b09084
b09085
b09086
b09087
b09088
b09089
b09090
b09091
b09092
b09093
b09094
b09095
b09096
b09097
b09098
b09099
b09100
b09101
b09102
b09103
b09104
b09105
b09106
b09107
b09108
b09109
b09110
b09111
b09112
b09113
b09114
b09115
b09116
b09117
b09118
b09119
b09120
b09121
b09122
b09123
b09124
b09125
b09126
b09127
b09128
b09129
b09130
b09131
b09132
b09133
b09134
b09135
b09136
b09137
b09138
b09139
b09140
b09141
b09142
b09143
b09144
b09145
b09146
b09147
b09148
b09149
b09150
b09151
b09152
b09153
b09154
b09155
b09156
b09157
b09158
b09159
b09160
b09161
b09162
b09163
b09164
b09165
b09166
b09167
b09168
b09169
b09170
b09171
b09172
b09173
b09174
b09175
b09176
b09177
b09178
b09179
b09180
b09181
b09182
s04434
Transcribed ancient scripts
L30055
L30056
L30048
L30049
L30050
L30051
L30052
L30053
L30054
L01016
L01017
L01018
L01019
L01020
L01021
L01022
L01023
L01024
L01025
L01026
L01027
L01028
L01029
L01030
L01031
L01032
L01033
L01034
L01035
L01036
L01037
L01038
L01039
L01040
L01041
L01042
L01043
L01044
L00998
L00999
L01000
L01001
L01002
L01003
L01004
L01005
L01006
L01007
L01008
L01009
L01010
L01011
L01012
L01013
L01014
L01015
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (之) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
之 *tjɯ
芝 *tjɯ
志 *tjɯs
痣 *tjɯs
娡 *tjɯs
誌 *tjɯs
蚩 *tʰjɯ
妛 *tʰjɯ
嗤 *tʰjɯ
媸 *tʰjɯ
旹 *djɯ
滍 *diʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 止 (“foot”) + 一 (“the beginning place”); compound meaning “to go”.

Etymology

demonstrative pronoun "this; he; she; it"
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-daj ~ m-di (“that; this”) (STEDT). Cognate with 是 (OC *djeʔ, “this”), Tibetan དེ (de, “that”), Tibetan འདི ('di, “this”), Burmese ဒီ (di, “this”).
"to go; to proceed"
Cognate with 時 (OC *djɯ, “time; season”) (> 辰 (OC *djɯn, “date; time”)), 志 (OC *tjɯs, “goal”), 趾 (OC *kjɯʔ, “foot”) (> 止 (OC *kjɯʔ, “to stop”)), Burmese စ (ca., “to start; to begin”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 131: Invalid final: "r"

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 之

  1. (literary) Indicates that the previous word has possession of the next one.
    生命之道  ―  shēngmìng zhī dào  ―  the way of life/life's way
    北部灣之星——欽州 [MSC, trad.]
    北部湾之星——钦州 [MSC, simp.]
    Běibùwān zhī xīng — Qīnzhōu [Pinyin]
    star of the Gulf of Tonkin-- Qinzhou
  2. Indicates that the previous word modifies the next one.
    尺寸之功  ―  chǐcùnzhīgōng  ―  a minor contribution
  3. particle indicating that the preceding element is specialised or qualified by the next
  4. (archaic) Particle infixed in a subject-predicate construct indicating a subordinate clause.
  5. (obsolete) this; these
  6. (obsolete) to sprout; to come about
  7. (literary) to go
  8. (literary) The third-person pronoun: him, her, it, them, when it appears in a non-subject position in the sentence.
    取而代之  ―  qǔ'érdàizhī  ―  to take the place of (the aforementioned subject)
    我們不能對此事聽之任之。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们不能对此事听之任之。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen bùnéng duì cǐ shì tīngzhīrènzhī. [Pinyin]
    We cannot pass this matter by without protest.

Usage notes

Remember that Chinese grammar is more about reducing ambiguity and less about following rules. The other meanings of this word (except the "to go" meaning which may be even older but obsolete) all stem from the pronoun meaning. It roughly means "things" > "'s"/qualifier. Compare Japanese の after a verb > "thing," after a noun > "'s," and after an の-adjective > qualifier. Juxtaposition alone can indicate possession or qualification in Chinese even without this word. The actual purpose of this word is to act like a comma to group the words before it as a noun clause and prevent what comes after from being interpreted as the object of a verb. Consider "上山道" whence "上之山道" (mountain road that is up there) and "上山之道" (road for climbing a mountain). Popular compounds like 食品 (shípǐn) drop the 之 (zhī). Other grammatical characters also work by enforcing a grouping of words. Modern Chinese fossilizes this word and uses 的 instead, which originally meant "target" > "-like," but similarly took on the "'s"/qualifier meaning.

之 (zhī) is a noun determiner while 然 (rán) is a verb determiner. Consider "吃此藥！不之，你會死" which would mean "Eat this medicine! If you don't [eat] this (like if you eat some other medicine), you'll die" and contrast "吃此藥！不然，你會死" which would mean "Eat this medicine! If you don't do this (or if you do something else), you'll die."

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 的 (“possessive particle”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 之
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 的
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 的
Taiwan 的
Malaysia 的
Singapore 的
Central Plains Mandarin Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 的
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 的
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 的
Guilin 的
Kokang 的
Dagudi (Maliba) 的
Reshuitang (Longling) 的
Mae Salong (Lancang) 的
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 的
Pematangsiantar 的
Cantonese Guangzhou 嘅 †
Hong Kong 嘅 †
Macau 嘅 †
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 嘅
Taishan 個, 嘅
Beihai 個
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 個
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 嘅
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 個
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 嘅
Penang (Guangfu) 嘅
Singapore (Guangfu) 嘅
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 嘅
Móng Cái 個
Gan Nanchang 個
Lichuan 個
Hakka Meixian 個
Wuhua (Meilin) 個
Nanxiong (Zhuji) 個
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 個
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 個
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 個
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 個
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 個
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 個
Kuching (Hepo) 嘅
Huizhou Jixi 仂
Jin Taiyuan 的
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 個
Northern Min Jian'ou 個
Eastern Min Fuzhou 其
Southern Min Xiamen 個
Xiamen (Tong'an) 個
Quanzhou 個
Zhangzhou 個
Zhao'an 個
Dongshan 個
Taipei 個
Kaohsiung 個
Tainan 個
Penang (Hokkien) 個
Singapore (Hokkien) 個
Manila (Hokkien) 個
Chaozhou 個 †
Shantou 個 †
Jieyang 個 †
Haifeng 個
Singapore (Teochew) 個 †
Leizhou 個
Wenchang 個
Singapore (Hainanese) 個
Puxian Min Xianyou 兮
Central Min Yong'an 兮
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 個 †
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 嘅
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 嘅
Wu Shanghai 個 †
Suzhou 個 †
Wuxi 個 †
Hangzhou 的 †
Ningbo 個 †
Wenzhou 個 †
Xiang Changsha 的
Loudi 個
Shaoyang 個
Note † - may use corresponding classifier in certain contexts
Dialectal synonyms of 他 (“he”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 伊1, 彼, 其, 厥, 渠, 夫, 之 object, 乃
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 他
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 他, 怹 honorific
Taiwan 他
Chengde 他
Ulanhot 他
Tongliao 他
Chifeng 他
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 他
Heihe 他
Qiqihar 他
Harbin 他
Jiamusi 他
Baicheng 他
Changchun 他
Tonghua 他
Shenyang 他
Jinzhou 他
Malaysia 他
Singapore 他
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 他
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 他
Tangshan 他
Cangzhou 他
Lijin 他
Weifang (Weicheng) 他
Weifang (Fangzi) 他
Changle 他
Shouguang 他
Wulian 他
Jinan 他
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 他
Dandong 他
Yantai 他
Yantai (Muping) 他
Qingdao 他
Weifang (Hanting) 他
Changyi 他
Gaomi 他
Zhucheng 他
Anqiu 他
Linqu 他
Qingzhou 他
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 他
Lingbao 他
Wanrong 他, 伢
Linfen 他
Shangqiu 他
Yuanyang 他
Zhengzhou 他
Xinyang 他
Baihe 他
Xi'an 他
Dingbian 他
Baoji 他
Tianshui 他
Xining 家, 他
Xuzhou 他
Pizhou 他
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 他
Donghai 他
Fuyang 他
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 他
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 他
Bayanhot 他
Lanzhou 他, 那
Dunhuang 他
Hami 他
Ürümqi 他
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 他
Nanchong 他
Dazhou 他
Hanyuan 他
Xichang 他
Zigong 他
Chongqing 他
Wuhan 他, 他家
Yichang 他
Xiangyang 他
Tianmen 他
Guiyang 他
Zunyi 他
Bijie 他
Liping 他
Zhaotong 他
Dali 他
Kunming 他
Mengzi 他
Guilin 他
Liuzhou 他
Nanning (Xiakuojie) 他
Nanning (Fujian) 他
Nanning (Wuming) 他
Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming) 他
Binyang (Nanjie) 他
Jishou 他
Changde 他
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 他
Hanzhong 他
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 他
Yangzhou 他
Baoying 他
Taizhou 他
Zhenjiang 他
Lianyungang 他
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 他
Lianshui 他
Xuyi 他
Xinghua 他
Nantong 他
Rugao 他
Yancheng 他
Funing 他
Sihong 他
Anqing 他
Wuhu 他
Hefei 他
Hong'an 他
Mandarin Qinzhou (Longmengang) 他
Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) 他
Nanping (Yanping) 他
Cantonese Guangzhou 佢
Hong Kong 佢
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 佢
Hong Kong (Shek Pik Weitou) 佢
Macau 佢
Guangzhou (Panyu) 佢
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 佢
Guangzhou (Conghua) 佢
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 佢
Foshan 佢
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 佢
Foshan (Shunde) 佢
Foshan (Sanshui) 佢
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 佢
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 佢
Zhongshan (Huancheng) 佢
Zhongshan (Nanlang) 佢
Zhongshan (Xiaolan) 佢
Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) 佢
Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) 佢
Zhongshan (Henglan) 佢
Zhongshan (Dongfeng) 佢
Zhongshan (Nantou) 佢
Zhongshan (Fusha) 佢
Zhongshan (Shalang) 佢
Zhongshan (Gangkou) 佢
Zhongshan (Huangpu) 佢
Zhongshan (Sanjiao) 佢
Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) 佢
Zhongshan (Minzhong) 佢
Zhongshan (Guzhen) 佢
Zhongshan (Banfu) 佢
Zhongshan (Tanzhou) 佢
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 佢
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 佢
Zhuhai (Doumen) 佢
Jiangmen (Baisha) 佢
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 佢
Taishan 佢
Taishan (Guanghai) 佢
Kaiping (Chikan) 佢
Enping (Niujiang) 佢
Heshan (Yayao) 佢
Dongguan 佢
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 佢
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 佢
Shenzhen (Pingdong, Longgang; Shehua) 其
Shenzhen (Pingshan Zhanmi) 佢
Qingyuan 佢
Fogang 佢
Yingde (Hanguang) 佢
Yangshan 佢
Lianshan (Butian) 佢
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 佢
Shaoguan 佢
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 佢
Renhua 佢
Lechang 佢
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 佢
Sihui 佢
Guangning 佢
Deqing 佢
Huaiji 佢
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 佢
Yunfu 佢
Xinxing 佢
Luoding 佢
Yunan (Pingtai) 佢
Yangjiang 佢
Xinyi 佢
Lianjiang 佢
Nanning 佢
Wuzhou 佢
Yulin 佢
Hepu (Lianzhou) 佢
Baise 佢
Qinzhou 佢
Beihai 佢
Beihai (Nankang) 佢
Beihai (Yingpan) 佢
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 佢
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 佢
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 佢
Danzhou 佢
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 佢
Penang (Guangfu) 佢
Singapore (Guangfu) 佢
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 佢
Móng Cái 佢
Yangon (Taishan) 佢
Mandalay (Taishan) 佢
Gan Nanchang 渠
Nanchang (Wangcheng) 渠
Anyi 渠仂
Lushan 渠
Pengze 渠
Duchang 渠, 渠儂
Wuning (Quankou) 渠
Poyang 渠
Yugan 渠, 渠郎
Wannian 渠
Hengfeng 渠, 渠仂
Yanshan 渠, 渠仂
Leping 渠
Yichun 渠
Yifeng 渠
Gao'an 渠
Fengxin 渠
Shanggao 渠
Wanzai 渠
Fengcheng 渠
Xinyu 渠
Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 渠
Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 渠仂
Nancheng 渠
Nanfeng 渠仂, 渠
Yihuang 渠
Lichuan 渠
Chongren 渠
Pingxiang 他
Lianhua 渠
Ji'an 渠
Yongfeng 渠
Taihe 渠
Xiajiang 渠
Yongxin 渠
Yingtan (Yujiang) 渠
Guixi 渠, 渠仂
Jianning 使
Jinxian 渠
Jinxi 渠
Le'an 渠
Guangchang 渠
Anfu 渠
Suichuan 渠
Wan'an 渠
Jing'an 渠
Zhangshu 渠
Xingan 渠
Fenyi 渠
Hakka Meixian 佢
Xingning 佢
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 佢
Huidong (Daling) 佢
Dongguan (Qingxi) 佢
Boluo (Bendihua) 佢
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 佢
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 佢
Wuhua (Huacheng) 佢
Wuhua (Meilin) 佢
Heyuan (Bendihua) 佢
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 佢
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 佢
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 佢
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 佢
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 佢
Liannan 佢
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 佢
Jiexi 佢
Changting 佢
Shanghang 佢
Longyan (Yongding) 佢
Wuping 佢
Wuping (Pingyu) 佢
Liancheng 佢
Ninghua 佢
Qingliu 佢
Yudu 佢
Ruijin 佢
Shicheng 佢
Shangyou (Shexi) 佢
Ganzhou (Nankang) 佢
Dingnan 佢
Longnan 佢
Xunwu 佢
Huichang 佢
Chongyi 佢
Xingguo 佢
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 佢
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 佢
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 佢
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 佢
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 佢
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 佢
Hong Kong 佢
Luchuan 佢
Bobai (Shahe) 佢
Bobai (Longtan) 佢
Bobai (Lingping) 佢
Bobai (Lingjiao) 佢
Sabah (Longchuan) 佢
Senai (Huiyang) 佢
Kuching (Hepo) 佢
Singkawang 佢
Bangkok (Meixian) 佢
Huizhou Jixi 渠, 渠仂
Dexing 渠
Chun'an (Qiandaohu) 渠
Jiande (Meicheng) 渠
Jiande (Shouchang) 渠, 渠儂
Jin Taiyuan 他
Yangyuan 他
Datong 他
Xinzhou 他
Lüliang (Lishi) 他
Changzhi 他
Taibus (Baochang) 他
Linhe 他
Jining 他
Hohhot 他
Baotou 他
Dongsheng 他
Haibowan 他
Erenhot 他
Pingshan 他
Zhangjiakou 他
Handan 他
Linzhou 他
Suide 他
Northern Min Jian'ou 渠
Jian'ou (Dikou) 渠
Songxi 渠
Zhenghe 渠
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 渠
Jianyang 渠
Pucheng (Shibei) 渠
Eastern Min Fuzhou 伊1
Fuzhou (Changle) 伊1
Lianjiang 伊1
Fuqing 伊1
Pingtan 伊1
Yongtai 伊1
Minqing 伊1
Gutian 伊1
Pingnan 伊1
Luoyuan 伊1
Fu'an 伊1
Ningde 伊1
Xiapu 伊1
Zherong 伊1
Shouning 伊1
Zhouning 伊1
Fuding 伊1
Matsu 伊1
Taishun 伊1
Cangnan 伊1
Sitiawan (Gutian) 伊1
Southern Min Xiamen 伊1
Xiamen (Tong'an) 伊1
Quanzhou 伊1
Jinjiang 伊1
Nan'an 伊1
Shishi 伊1
Hui'an 伊1
Anxi 伊1
Yongchun 伊1
Dehua 伊1
Zhangzhou 伊1
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 伊1
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 伊1
Hua'an 伊1
Nanjing 伊1
Pinghe 伊1
Zhangpu 伊1
Yunxiao 伊1
Zhao'an 伊1
Dongshan 伊1
Taipei 伊1
Taipei (Wanhua) 伊1
Kaohsiung 伊1
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 伊1
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 伊1
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 伊1
Yilan 伊1
Changhua (Lukang) 伊1
Taichung 伊1
Taichung (Wuqi) 伊1
Tainan 伊1
Taitung 伊1
Hsinchu 伊1
Kinmen 伊1
Penghu (Magong) 伊1
Penang (Hokkien) 伊1
Singapore (Hokkien) 伊1
Manila (Hokkien) 伊1
Medan (Hokkien) 伊1
Longyan 伊1
Zhangping 伊1
Datian 伊1
Pingnan (Shangdu) 他, 伊1
Guilin (Biyange) 伊1
Cangnan 伊1
Chaozhou 伊1
Shantou 伊1
Shantou (Chaoyang) 伊1
Jieyang 伊1
Haifeng 伊1
Bangkok (Teochew) 伊1
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 伊1
Singapore (Teochew) 伊1
Pontianak (Teochew) 伊1
Leizhou 伊1
Wenchang 伊1
Haikou 伊1
Qionghai 伊1
Singapore (Hainanese) 伊1
Puxian Min Putian 伊1
Xianyou 伊1
Central Min Yong'an 渠
Sanming (Sanyuan) 渠
Sanming (Shaxian) 渠
Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 渠
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 𠇼
Guangze 𠇼
Jiangle 渠
Mingxi 渠
Shunchang 渠
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 伊1
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 伊1
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 佢
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 他
Shehua Jingning (Hexi) 渠
Wu Shanghai 伊2
Shanghai (Songjiang) 是渠, 實渠, 渠
Shanghai (Jiading) 伊2
Shanghai (Chongming) 伊2
Suzhou 俚, 俚倷, 唔倷
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 伊2, 伊奴
Wuxi 佗
Changshu 伊2
Nantong (Haimen) 他, 伊2
Jiaxing 伊內
Jiashan 伊2, 伊儂
Pinghu 伊儂
Haining (Yanguan) 伊2
Tongxiang 伊2, 夷儂
Haiyan 伊2, 葉內, 候內
Changzhou 佗
Danyang 他
Nanjing (Gaochun) 他
Huzhou 是其
Changxing 是夷, 夷
Anji 其
Deqing 夷
Hangzhou 他
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 夷, 其
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 夷, 是夷, 其
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 夷, 是夷
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) 夷
Tonglu 夷, 是夷
Tonglu (Wusheng) 夷, 他
Shaoxing 夷
Zhuji 其
Shengzhou 夷
Xinchang 其
Ningbo 渠, 渠儂
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 其
Ningbo (Fenghua) 其
Yuyao 渠
Cixi 渠
Xiangshan 其, 像其
Ninghai 其, 其儂
Zhoushan 其
Taizhou (Huangyan) 渠
Tiantai 渠
Xianju 渠
Sanmen 渠
Linhai 渠
Wenling 渠
Wenzhou 渠
Yueqing 渠
Yongjia (Fenglin) 渠
Rui'an 渠
Pingyang 渠
Taishun 其
Wencheng 渠
Lishui 渠
Qingtian 渠
Jinyun 渠
Wuyi (Liucheng) 渠
Songyang (Xiping) 渠
Yunhe 他, 其
Jingning 他, 渠
Qingyuan 渠
Longquan 渠
Quzhou 渠
Suichang 渠
Jiangshan 渠
Changshan 渠
Kaihua 渠
Longyou 渠, 渠儂
Jinhua 渠
Jinhua (Tangxi) 渠, 渠儂
Yiwu 渠
Yongkang 渠
Pujiang 其, 徐
Dongyang 渠
Wuyi 渠
Lanxi 渠, 渠儂
Xiang Changsha 他
Loudi 他
Shuangfeng 他
Quanzhou 他
Note In spoken language, Chinese varieties in general do not distinguish gender/animacy in the third-person pronoun; distinctions are only sometimes made in writing.
佢 is commonly used in Yue, Hakka and Pinghua, while 渠 is more common in other varieties

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

之

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. -'s, possessive particle
  2. this
  3. to go

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
之
の
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 之 (zhī, possessive marker). Formerly used to represent the possessive particle の (no). In modern Japanese, this character is seldom used, and most commonly found in names, such as 龍之介 (Ryūnosuke).

For pronunciation and definitions of 之 – see the following entry.
【の】
[particle] genitive case marker
[particle] indicates possession: of, -'s
[particle] indicates identity or apposition
[particle] a noun, adverb, or phrase modifier
[particle] nominative case marker in a relative or subordinate clause
[particle] a sentence ending that indicates emphasis or a question, depending on intonation
[particle] Nominalizes an adjective, verb, or phrase
[particle] (literary) used with bare i-adjective stem
Alternative spelling
乃
(This term, 之, is an alternative spelling (rare, literary) of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
之
これ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 之 – see the following entry.
【これ】
[pronoun] this
[pronoun] (deictically) this one (near the speaker)
[pronoun] (anaphorically) this one I am talking about (only the speaker knows)
[pronoun] (archaic) I; me
[pronoun] (archaic) you
[pronoun] (literary, calque of Literary Chinese 是, 之, 惟, etc.) Repeats the topic with a correct case marker to avoid any misunderstanding if it is not a subject.
Alternative spellings
此れ, 是, 維, 惟
(This term, 之, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
之
すすむ
Jinmeiyō
nanori

Proper noun

之(すすむ) • (Susumu) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

之 (eumhun 갈 지 (gal ji))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

之: Hán Việt readings: chi (止(chỉ)而(nhi)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
之: Nôm readings: gì[1][2][3][4][5], giây[1][2][3][4][5], chi[1][2][3][5]

  1. Nôm form of gì (“what”).
  2. Nôm form of giây (“a brief moment; an instant”).
  3. Nôm form of chi (“what for”).

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=之&oldid=75771049"