我
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
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|---|---|---|---|
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| Stroke order (Taiwan) | |||
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Han character
我 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹手戈 (HQI), four-corner 23550, composition ⿻𠂌戈)
Derived characters
- 俄, 哦, 娥, 峨, 㧴, 涐, 𫠰, 𣇕, 𬚾, 𪲘, 𤘋, 珴, 𫨎, 𤯫, 皒, 睋, 硪, 䄉, 𬓬, 𬚚, 𫇇, 𦩆, 蛾, 𧚄, 𪱤, 𬻪, 誐, 𧶕, 䞲, 𨁟, 𨉐, 鋨(锇), 𭔒, 𭭯, 餓(饿), 𭧦, 騀, 𩷦, 䳘, 𤄣, 𪘐
- 𬪂, 𨿍, 𡦛, 𢧲, 𩒰, 𩣣, 鵝(鹅), 𠩙, 𡱫, 峩, 莪, 𬕆, 義, 𡻍, 𩭝, 𦾒, 𡽥, 䳗, 𪭗, 𫪋, 𬐡, 䖸, 𩣨, 鵞, 𧒎, 𢐯, 𢐱, 𦏡, 𥪺
Descendants
- 𛀜 (Hentaigana)
Further reading
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 412, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11545
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1401, character 2
- Unihan data for U+6211
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
我 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 我 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
|
|
A pictogram (象形) of a rake-like tool or weapon (note the oracle bone script form); Guo Moruo considers it to be the original character for 錡 (OC *ɡral, “a kind of axe or chisel”). It was already borrowed for sound to mean "I" since the oracle bone script.
Folk etymology considers it to be an ideograph of a hand (手) holding a weapon (戈) to protect oneself.
Some have suggested a contrast with 爾, interpreting the latter as a weapon with tip pointing outward. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-j ~ ka. Cognate with 吾 (OC *ŋaː), Hakka 𠊎 (ngài).
Pronunciation
Definitions
- I; me; my
- 魏王貽我大瓠之種，我樹之成而實五石。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Wèi wáng yí wǒ dà hù zhī zhǒng, wǒ shù zhī chéng ér shí wǔ dàn. [Pinyin]
- The King of Wei gifted me with some seeds of a large calabash; I planted them and the fruit that grew could hold five dans of fluid.
魏王贻我大瓠之种，我树之成而实五石。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary, formal or dialectal) we; us; our
- † to stubbornly hold to one's own opinion
- † to kill
- 今朕必往，我武惟揚，侵于之疆，取彼兇殘，我伐用張，于湯有光。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
- Jīn zhèn bì wǎng, wǒ wǔ wéi yáng, qīn yú zhī jiāng, qǔ bǐ xiōngcán, wǒ fá yòng zhāng, yú tāng yǒu guāng. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
今朕必往，我武惟扬，侵于之疆，取彼凶残，我伐用张，于汤有光。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- ‡ tilted
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 我 (“I”) [map]
Descendants
Others:
Compounds
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See also
| Standard Mandarin Chinese personal pronouns | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Person | Singular | Plural | |
| 1st | — | 我 (wǒ) | 我們／我们 (wǒmen) |
| inclusive | 咱們／咱们 (zánmen) | ||
| 2nd | male/indefinite | 你 (nǐ) | 你們／你们 (nǐmen) |
| female | 妳／你 (nǐ) | 妳們／你们 (nǐmen) | |
| deity | 祢 (nǐ) | 祢們／祢们 (nǐmen) | |
| polite | 您 (nín) | 你們／你们 (nǐmen) 您們／您们 (nínmen) | |
| 3rd | male/indefinite | 他 (tā) | 他們／他们 (tāmen) |
| female | 她 (tā) | 她們／她们 (tāmen) | |
| deity | 祂 (tā) | 祂們／祂们 (tāmen) | |
| animal | 牠／它 (tā) | 牠們／它们 (tāmen) | |
| inanimate | 它 (tā) | 它們／它们 (tāmen) | |
Further reading
- “Entry #3153”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
Kanji
我
Readings
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 我 |
| われ Grade: 6 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 我 吾 |
From Old Japanese,[1] as the long form of 我 (wa) below.
Compound of 我 (wa, see below) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix).
Pronunciation
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Pronoun
- first person personal pronoun: I, me, oneself
- c. late 9th–mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari[2]
- 「...わが丈たち竝ぶまで養ひたてまつりたる我子を、なに人が迎へきこえん。まさに許さんや」と言ひて、「われこそ死なめ」とて...
- “...waga taketachi narabu made yashinai-tatematsuritaru wagako o, nani hito ga mukae-kikoen. Masa ni yurusan ya” to iite, “ware koso shiname” tote...
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 「...わが丈たち竝ぶまで養ひたてまつりたる我子を、なに人が迎へきこえん。まさに許さんや」と言ひて、「われこそ死なめ」とて...
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Utsusemi)[3]
- 紀の守のいもうとも、こなたにあるか。われに、垣間見せさせよ...
- Ki no kami no imōto mo, konata ni aru ka. ware ni, kakima misesase yo
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 紀の守のいもうとも、こなたにあるか。われに、垣間見せさせよ...
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho:[4]
- Vare. ワレ (我) 私. また, おまえ. 本来の正しい言い方ではないが、下賎な者と話したり, 人を軽しめたりする時に用いる.
- c. late 9th–mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari[2]
- second person personal pronoun: you
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 679:[4]
- Vare. ワレ (我) 私. また, おまえ. 本来の正しい言い方ではないが、下賎な者と話したり, 人を軽しめたりする時に用いる.
Usage notes
In modern Japanese, most often encountered in the plural forms 我等 (warera) and 我我 (wareware, “we, us”).
Derived terms
Derived terms
See also
| a-/wa- “I, we” (first person) |
na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person) |
k- “this” (close to speaker) |
s- “that” (close to listener) |
a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both) |
i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative) |
ono- “oneself” (reflexive) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro) |
な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) |
こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) |
おの (ono) おのれ (onore) |
| Thing | こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
いづれ (izure) なに (nani) |
|||
| Location | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) |
いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) |
|||
| Direction | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) |
そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) |
あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) |
いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) |
|||
| Manner | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) |
さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika) |
いか (ika) | ||||
| Time | いつ (itsu) |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 我 |
| わ Grade: 6 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 我 吾 |
From Old Japanese 我 (wa)[1], from Proto-Japonic *wa. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *wanu (whence Okinawan 我ん (wan, “I, me”) and Miyako 我ん (ban, “I, me”)).
Pronunciation
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Pronoun
- first-person personal pronoun: I, me
- c. late 9th–mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari[2]
- 「...わが丈たち竝ぶまで養ひたてまつりたる我子を、なに人が迎へきこえん。まさに許さんや」と言ひて...
- “...waga taketachi narabu made yashinai-tatematsuritaru wagako o, nani hito ga mukae-kikoen. Masa ni yurusan ya” to iite...
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 「...わが丈たち竝ぶまで養ひたてまつりたる我子を、なに人が迎へきこえん。まさに許さんや」と言ひて...
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Kiritsubo)[3]
- かしこき御蔭をば、たのみきこえながら、貶めきずを求め給ふ人はおほく、わがみはかよわく、物はかなきありさまにて、中々なる物思ひをぞし給ふ。
- kashikoki o-kage o ba, tanomi-kikoenagara, otoshimekizu o motometamau hito wa ōku, waga mi wa kayowaku, mono wa kanaki ari sama nite, nakanaka naru monoomoi o zo shi tamau.
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- かしこき御蔭をば、たのみきこえながら、貶めきずを求め給ふ人はおほく、わがみはかよわく、物はかなきありさまにて、中々なる物思ひをぞし給ふ。
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Utsusemi)[3]
- 女どち、のどやかなる夕闇の、道たどたどしげなるまぎれに、わが車にてゐてたてまつる。
- onna-dochi, nodo ya kanaru yūyami no, michi tadotadoshi-genaru magire ni, waga kuruma nite ite tatematsuru.
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 女どち、のどやかなる夕闇の、道たどたどしげなるまぎれに、わが車にてゐてたてまつる。
- c. late 9th–mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari[2]
Usage notes
In modern Japanese, most often encountered in fossilized phrases in combination with the (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese possessive particle が (ga), such as 我が儘 (wagamama, “selfish; selfishness”, literally “just as I like”) or 我が国 (wagakuni, “my country, my homeland → Japan”).
Derived terms
See also
| a-/wa- “I, we” (first person) |
na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person) |
k- “this” (close to speaker) |
s- “that” (close to listener) |
a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both) |
i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative) |
ono- “oneself” (reflexive) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro) |
な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) |
こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) |
おの (ono) おのれ (onore) |
| Thing | こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
いづれ (izure) なに (nani) |
|||
| Location | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) |
いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) |
|||
| Direction | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) |
そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) |
あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) |
いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) |
|||
| Manner | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) |
さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika) |
いか (ika) | ||||
| Time | いつ (itsu) |
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 我 |
| わ(が) Grade: 6 |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 我 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 我, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 我 |
| あ Grade: 6 |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 我 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 我, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 5
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 我 |
| あれ Grade: 6 |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 我 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 我, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 6
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 我 |
| が Grade: 6 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 我 (MC ngaX).
Pronunciation
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Noun
- the ego, self
- self-righteousness
- (Buddhism) obstinacy
- Antonym: 無我 (muga)
- (Hinduism) atman
- Synonym: アートマン (ātoman)
Affix
Derived terms
Derived terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in Module:quote at line 884: |date= should contain a full date (year, month, day of month); use |year= for year
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lua error in Module:quote at line 884: |date= should contain a full date (year, month, day of month); use |year= for year
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 我 (MC ngaX). Recorded as Middle Korean 아〯 (ǎ) (Yale: a) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Okinawan
Kanji
我
Readings
Old Japanese
Alternative forms
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
我 (wa) (kana わ)
Derived terms
- 我が (waga)
Descendants
- Japanese: 我 (wa)
Etymology 2
From 我 (wa, see above) + れ (-re, “thing”, nominalizing suffix).
Pronoun
我 (ware) (kana われ)
- first-person personal pronoun: I, me, oneself
- 711–712, Kojiki, poem 49:
- 須須許理賀迦美斯美岐邇和禮恵比邇祁理許登那具志恵具志爾和禮恵比邇祁理
- susuko2ri ga kami1si mi1-ki1 ni ware wepi1nike1ri ko2to2nagusi wegusi ni ware wepi1nike1ri
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- ,[1] text here
- 可都思加能麻末能手兒奈乎麻許登可聞和礼尓余須等布麻末乃弖胡奈乎
- Kadusika no2 mama no2 tego1na wo mako2to2 ka mo ware ni yo2su to2 pu mama no2 tego1ma wo
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Descendants
- Japanese: 我 (ware)
Etymology 3
Likely a compound of 我 (wa, see above) + ろ (-ro, suffix indicating affection).
Pronoun
我 (waro2) (kana わろ)
- (regional, Southern Eastern Old Japanese) first person personal pronoun: I, me, oneself
Etymology 4
Cognate with 我 (ware) above.[3]
Pronoun
我 (wanu) (kana わぬ)
- (regional, Northern Eastern Old Japanese) first person personal pronoun: I, me, oneself
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, first variant poem 3476, first variant:[1], text here
- 宇倍兒奈波和奴爾故布奈毛多刀都久能努賀奈敝由家婆故布思可流奈母
- ube2 ko1na pa wanu ni ko1punamo tato1 tuku no2 no1ganape1yuke1ba ko1pusikarunamo
- Oh, yes, how (my) dear one loves me! While the rising moon (or the new month) goes flowing by, (s)he must be missing me so much.
- [2], text here
- 於保伎美乃美許等加志古美伊弖久禮婆和努等里都伎弖伊比之古奈波毛
- opoki1mi1 no2 mi1-ko2to2 kasiko1mi itekureba wanu to2rituki1te ipi1si ko1napamo
- Oh, [how is] the dear one [to whom] I clung and spoke [when I] came out [here] respectfully obeying the words of the Great Lord?
Etymology 5
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
我 (a) (kana あ)
Derived terms
- 我が (aga)
Descendants
- Japanese: あ (a)
Etymology 6
From 我 (a, see above) + れ (-re, “thing”, nominalizing suffix).
Pronoun
我 (are) (kana あれ)
- first-person personal pronoun: I, me
- [4], text here
- 多都乃麻乎阿礼波毛等米牟阿遠爾与志奈良乃美夜古邇許牟比等乃多仁
- tatu no2 ma wo are pa moto2memu awoni yo2si Nara no2 miyako1 ni ko2mu pi1to2 no2 ta ni
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- [1], text here
- [2], text here
- 霜上尓安良礼多婆之里伊夜麻之尓安礼波麻為許牟年緒奈我久
- simo no2 upe2 ni arare tabasiri iya masi ni are pa mawiko2mu to2si no2 wo nagaku
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- [4], text here
Descendants
- Japanese: あれ (are)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man’yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2003, →ISBN.
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Man’yōshū 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1999, →ISBN.
Vietnamese
Han character
我: Hán Việt readings: ngã[1][2][3][4], ngả (
我: Nôm readings: ngả[1][2][3][6][5][4][7], ngã[1][2][3][5][4][7]
Compounds
References
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- Mandarin proper nouns
- Sichuanese proper nouns
- Dungan proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Gan proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Jin proper nouns
- Northern Min proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Xiang proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese Han characters
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Wu terms with usage examples
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese literary terms
- Chinese formal terms
- Chinese dialectal terms
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Chinese surnames
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 6 kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading が
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading が
- Japanese kanji with kun reading わ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading われ
- Japanese terms spelled with 我 read as われ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms suffixed with れ
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese pronouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 我
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 我 read as わ
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese adnominals
- Japanese terms spelled with 我 read as あ
- Japanese terms spelled with 我 read as あれ
- Japanese terms spelled with 我 read as が
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese nouns
- ja:Buddhism
- ja:Hinduism
- Japanese affixes
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean Han characters
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Korean literary terms
- Okinawan Han characters
- Okinawan kanji with on reading がー
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading わ-ん
- Old Japanese lemmas
- Old Japanese pronouns
- Old Japanese terms suffixed with れ
- Old Japanese terms with usage examples
- Old Japanese terms suffixed with ろ
- Regional Old Japanese
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom