生

See also: 主 and 玍

生 U+751F, 生 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-751F ← 甞 [U+751E] CJK Unified Ideographs 甠 → [U+7520]

Translingual

Stroke order (Chinese)

Stroke order (Chinese)

Stroke order (Japan)

Han character

生 (Kangxi radical 100, 生+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹手一 (HQM), four-corner 2510₀, composition ⿻𠂉土)

1. Kangxi radical #100, ⽣.
2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №215

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/生
• 𠇷, 𠰮, 𡊳, 夝, 姓, 𭒿, 𭚕, 徃, 性, 泩, 狌, 𭤯, 胜, 栍, 殅, 𤇣, 牲, 珄, 𤬸, 𥑥, 𮁢, 𮄫, 旌, 貹, 𧻊, 𨠠, 𡲥, 鉎, 𫕹, 𬈤, 𦎡, 𩲵, 𪊟, 𪌜, 嬎, 鮏, 嬔, 鼪, 𫦽

Further reading

Wikisource

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 754, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21670
• Dae Jaweon: page 1162, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2575, character 1
• Unihan data for U+751F

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		生
alternative forms		𤯓

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 生
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
猜	*sʰlɯː
輤	*sʰleːns
綪	*sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩	*sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈	*sʰleːns
蒨	*sʰeːns
篟	*sʰeːns
生	*sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲	*sreŋ
笙	*sreŋ
甥	*sreŋ
鉎	*sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄	*sreŋ
鼪	*sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩	*sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌	*sreŋ
眚	*sreŋʔ
貹	*sreŋs
崝	*zreːŋ
精	*ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁	*ʔsleŋ
鶄	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱	*ʔsleŋ
婧	*ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐	*ʔsleŋ
聙	*ʔsleŋ
旌	*ʔsleŋ
清	*sʰleŋ
圊	*sʰleŋ
請	*sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊	*sʰleŋs
䝼	*zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚	*zleŋs
情	*zleŋ
晴	*zleŋ
夝	*zleŋ
靜	*zleŋʔ
靖	*zleŋʔ
睲	*seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺	*seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性	*sleŋs
姓	*sleŋs
靗	*l̥ʰeŋs
鯖	*ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青	*sʰleːŋ
靘	*sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅	*sʰleːŋs
胜	*sleːŋ
曐	*sleːŋ
星	*sleːŋ
鮏	*sleːŋ
腥	*seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹	*seːŋ
醒	*seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂	*seːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 屮 (“bud”) + 一 (“ground”) – sprouting from the ground.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with Burmese ရှင် (hrang, “to live; alive”), Mizo hring (“to bear; to bring forth; to give birth to; green”).

Schuessler (2007) proposes that Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sriŋ is derived from the root *sri (“to exist”) (whence possibly Chinese 體 (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ, “body; shape; form”)) + *-ŋ (“terminative suffix”).

Both level tone and falling tone readings are found in Middle Chinese, but the latter has since been lost and is merged into the level-tone reading in modern dialects.

Related to 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “blue-green”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ, “dark blue; deep green”).

Derivatives: 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature; character; personality; quality”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “family name”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shēng, shēn (sheng¹, shen¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ, ㄕㄣ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sen¹ / sen⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): saang¹ / sang¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): sang¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): sang¹ / sen¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sâng / sên

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sang¹ / sên¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): seng¹
• Northern Min (KCR): sáng / cháng / sáing
• Eastern Min (BUC): săng / chăng / sĕng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siⁿ / seⁿ / chhiⁿ / chheⁿ / seng / sng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sên¹ / cên¹ / sêng¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹san; ¹sen
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sen¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sheng
    • Wade–Giles: shêng¹
    • Yale: shēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng
    • Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, shangkouzi pronunciation)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shen
    • Wade–Giles: shên¹
    • Yale: shēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
    • Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: sen¹ / sen⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sen / sen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sən⁵⁵/, /sən²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: saang¹ / sang¹
    • Yale: sāang / sāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saang¹ / sang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sang¹ / seng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• saang1 - colloquial;
• sang1 - literary.

• (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  • Wiktionary: sang¹
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: sang¹ / sen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁴²/, /sɛn⁴²/

Note:

• sang1 - colloquial;
• sen1 - literary.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâng / sên
    • Hakka Romanization System: sang´ / sen´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sang¹ / sen¹
    • Sinological IPA: /saŋ²⁴/, /sen²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sang¹ / sên¹
    • Sinological IPA: /saŋ⁴⁴/, /sɛn⁴⁴/

Note:

• Sixian:
  • sâng - colloquial;
  • sên - literary.
• Meixian:
  • sang1 - colloquial;
  • sên1 - literary.

• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: seng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /sə̃ŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sáng / cháng / sáing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁴/, /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴/, /saiŋ⁵⁴/

Note:

• sáng, cháng - colloquial;
• sáing - literary.

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: săng / chăng / sĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/, /sɛiŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• săng - colloquial;
• chăng - colloquial (“raw”);
• sĕng - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: sinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svy
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang, Jinjiang, Philippines): /sĩ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /sĩ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: senn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svef
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ̃⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /sẽ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chvy
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang, Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡sʰĩ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshenn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhvef
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
    • Tâi-lô: sing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
    • Tâi-lô: sng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /sŋ̍³³/

Note:

• siⁿ/seⁿ - colloquial;
• chhiⁿ/chheⁿ - colloquial (“raw”);
• seng/sng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sên¹ / cên¹ / sêng¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seⁿ / tsheⁿ / seng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sẽ³³/, /t͡sʰẽ³³/, /seŋ³³/

Note:

• sên1 - colloquial;
• cên1 - colloquial (“raw”);
• sêng1 - literary (“student”).

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹san; ¹sen
    • MiniDict: san^平; sen^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹san; ¹sen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sã⁵³/, /sən⁵³/

Note:

• 1san - colloquial;
• 1sen - literary.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: sen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sən³³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 生
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂəŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʂəŋ⁴/
	Tianjin	/səŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/ʂəŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ʂəŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/səŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/səŋ²¹/
	Xining	/sə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/səŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ʂə̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/sɤŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/sən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/sən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/sen⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/sə̃⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/sən³¹/
	Hefei	/sən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/səŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/səŋ¹³/ /ʂʐ̩e̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/səŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/sã⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/sen³³/
	Wenzhou	/siɛ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/sʌ̃³¹/ /sɛ³¹/
	Tunxi	/ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/sən³³/
	Xiangtan	/siẽ³³/ /sən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɑŋ⁴²/ /sɛn⁴²/ ～意
Hakka	Meixian	/saŋ⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/sɑŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐŋ⁵³/ /saŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/saŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/sɐŋ⁵⁵/ /saŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/siŋ⁵⁵/ /sĩ⁵⁵/ ～死 /t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/ ～肉
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/saŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/saiŋ⁵⁴/ 學～ /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴/ ～熟
	Shantou (Teochew)	/seŋ³³/ /sẽ³³/ /t͡sʰẽ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/seŋ²³/ /sɔŋ²³/ /tɛ²³/ ～活 /sɛ²³/ 不熟

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• Middle Chinese: sraeng, sraengH

Rime
Character	生	生
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	所庚切	所敬切
Baxter	sraeng	sraengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠæŋ/	/ʃˠæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚaŋ/	/ʃᵚaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃaŋ/	/ʃaŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨjŋ/	/ʂaɨjŋH/
Li Rong	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋH/
Wang Li	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂɐŋ/	/ʂɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēng	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sang1	sang3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*sreŋ/, /*sreŋ/, /*sreŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ/, /*sreŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	生	生	生
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēng	shēng	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ sræng ›	‹ sræng ›	‹ srjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?)	/*sreŋ/	/*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?)
English	bear, be born; live	fresh, raw	bear, be born; live
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	生	生
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	11312	11322
Phonetic component	生	生
Rime group	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	生	生
Old Chinese	/*sʰleːŋ/	/*sreŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 生

1. to live; to subsist; to exist
2. to grow; to develop; to bud

   • 紅豆生南國，春來發幾枝？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     红豆生南国，春来发几枝？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: (deprecated template usage) 王維 (deprecated template usage) 《相思》

     Hóngdòu shēng nánguó, chūn lái fā jǐ zhī? [Pinyin]

     Red berries grow in southern lands. When spring arrives how many seedlings would sprout?

3. (causative) to bear; to give birth; to bring up; to rear

   她妻子生了一對雙胞胎女孩。 [MSC, trad.]
   她妻子生了一对双胞胎女孩。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā qīzǐ shēng le yī duì shuāngbāotāi nǚhái. [Pinyin]

   His wife gave birth to twin girls.

   • 那光是真光，照亮一切生在世上的人。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

     From: (deprecated template usage) 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 約翰福音 (John) 1:9

     Nà guāng shì zhēn guāng, zhàoliàng yīqiè shēng zài shìshàng de rén. [Pinyin]

     That was the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into the world.

4. to be born; to come into existence

   他生在中國。／他生在中国。  ―  Tā shēng zài zhōngguó.  ―  He was born in China.

5. offspring; descendant
6. pupil; disciple; student

   你作為全日制生必須定期上課。 [MSC, trad.]
   你作为全日制生必须定期上课。 [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ zuòwèi quánrìzhì shēng bìxū dìngqī shàngkè. [Pinyin]

   As a full-time student, you should attend classes on a regular basis.

7. (historical) scholar; Confucian scholar
8. (opera) actor or male character
9. Short for 先生 (xiānshēng, “gentleman”).
10. (Cantonese) Short for 先生 (xiānshēng, “Mr.”).

    陳生／陈生 [Cantonese]  ―  can⁴ saang¹ [Jyutping]  ―  Mr. Chan

11. life; existence; being; living

    殺生／杀生  ―  shāshēng  ―  to destroy a life

12. fresh; not stale
13. unripe
14. raw; uncooked

    Template:zh-ant

    生洋蔥／生洋葱  ―  shēng yángcōng  ―  raw onions

    我覺得呢塊肉仲係太生。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我觉得呢块肉仲系太生。 [Cantonese, simp.]

    ngo⁵ gok³ dak¹ ni¹ faai³ juk⁶ zung⁶ hai⁶ taai³ saang¹. [Jyutping]

    I think this piece of meat is too raw.

15. (historical ethnography) uncultured; uncultivated; wild; uncivilized; savage

    生黎  ―  shēng Lí  ―  wild Li

16. strange; unfamiliar

    生人  ―  shēngrén  ―  stranger

17. mechanically; forcedly
18. ^† very; quite; extremely
19. vivid; strong; forceful
20. innate; natural; born with
21. ^† Original form of 性 (xìng, “intelligence; natural endowment”).
22. living things; organism
23. livelihood; subsistence

    謀生／谋生  ―  móushēng  ―  to make a living

24. lifetime; all one's life

    來生／来生  ―  láishēng  ―  afterlife

25. birthday; anniversary

    慶生／庆生  ―  qìngshēng  ―  to celebrate one's birthday

26. to bring back to life; to revive; to rescue
27. to generate; to breed; to create
28. to manufacture; to produce
29. to happen; to occur; to take place
30. to catch (a disease)

    我生了什麼病？／我生了什么病？  ―  Wǒ shēng le shénme bìng?  ―  What disease have I got?

    生蛇 [Hokkien]  ―  seⁿ-chôa [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to have shingles

31. (transitive) to be infested by a parasite

    生跳蚤  ―  shēng tiàozǎo  ―  to be infested with fleas

    生蝨乸／生虱乸 [Cantonese]  ―  saang¹ sat¹ naa² [Jyutping]  ―  to be infested with lice

32. (Buddhism) to go into society; to be reincarnated
33. (dialectal) to set up; to put in; to settle
34. to light; to ignite (a fire)

    母親沒有生爐子。 [MSC, trad.]
    母亲没有生炉子。 [MSC, simp.]

    Mǔqīn méi yǒu shēng lúzi. [Pinyin]

    Mother did not light the stove.

35. a surname

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (生):

• → Japanese: 生(しょう) (shō); 生(せい) (sei)
• → Korean: 생(生) (saeng)
• → Vietnamese: sinh (生), sanh (生)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Stroke order (Japan)

Stroke order (Japan)

Kanji

生

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Tō-on: さん (san)
• Kun: いきる (ikiru, 生きる, Jōyō); いかす (ikasu, 生かす, Jōyō); いける (ikeru, 生ける, Jōyō); うむ (umu, 生む, Jōyō); うまれる (umareru, 生まれる, Jōyō); うまれる (umareru, 生れる); うまれ (umare, 生れ); おう (ou, 生う, Jōyō); はえる (haeru, 生える, Jōyō); はやす (hayasu, 生やす, Jōyō); き (ki, 生, Jōyō); なま (nama, 生, Jōyō); なる (naru, 生る); なす (nasu, 生す); むす (musu, 生す)
• Nanori: あさ (asa); い (i); いき (iki); いく (iku); いけ (ike); うぶ (ubu); うまい (umai); え (e); おい (oi); ぎゅう (gyū); くるみ (kurumi); ごせ (gose); さ (sa); じょ (jo); すぎ (sugi); そ (so); そう (sō); ちる (chiru); なば (naba); にう (niu); にゅう (nyū); ふ (fu); み (mi); もう (mō); よい (yoi); りゅう (ryū)

Compounds

Compounds

• 生(あい)憎(にく) (ainiku, “unfortunately”)
• 生(いき)身(み) (ikimi)
• 生(いき)物(もの) (ikimono, “living being”)
• 生(いけ)贄(にえ) (ikenie), 生(い)け贄(にえ) (ikenie, “an animal sacrifice or religious offering”)
• 生(いき)薬(ぐすり) (ikigusuri), 生(い)き薬(ぐすり) (ikigusuri)
• 生(いき)霊(りょう) (ikiryō), 生(い)き霊(りょう) (ikiryō)
• 生(いく)薬(ぐすり) (ikugusuri), 生(い)く薬(ぐすり) (ikugusuri)
• 生(いけ)花(ばな) (ikebana), 生(い)け花(ばな) (ikebana)
• 桐(き)生(りゅう) (Kiryū, “Japanese surname”)
• 芝(しば)生(ふ) (shibafu)
• 弥(や)生(よい) (yayoi)
• 生(いき)魑魅(すだま) (ikisudama), 生(い)き魑魅(すだま) (ikisudama)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
生
なま Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Numerous derivatives already in use in the Heian period.

Noun

生(なま) • (nama) 

1. a raw, uncooked state

   肉(にく)を生(なま)のまま食(た)べると、腹(はら)を壊(こわ)すことがある。

   Niku o nama no mama taberu to, hara o kowasu koto ga aru.

   You may have a stomachache if you eat raw meat.

2. Short for 生ビール (“draft beer”).

Prefix

生(なま) • (nama-) 

1. (broadcasting) live

   生(なま)演奏(えんそう)

   namaensō

   live performance

2. fresh, draft

   生(なま)クリーム

   nama kurīmu

   fresh cream

   生(なま)ビール

   nama bīru

   draft beer

3. raw, uncooked, rare

   生(なま)卵(たまご)

   nama tamago

   a raw egg

4. natural, unprocessed

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 生(なま)歌(うた) (namauta)
• 生(なま)首(くび) (namakubi)
• 生(なま)卵(たまご) (namatamago)
• 生(なま)爪(づめ) (namazume)
• 生(なま)麩(ふ) (namafu)
• 生(なま)身(み) (namami)
• 生(なま)水(みず) (namamizu)
• 生(なま)演(えん)奏(そう) (namaensō)
• 生(なま)意(い)気(き) (namaiki)
• 生(なま)中(ちゅう)継(けい) (namachūkei)
• 生(なま)天(た)目(め) (Namatame)
• 生(なま)田(た)目(め) (Namatame), 生(なば)田(た)目(め) (Nabatame)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
生
せい Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 生 (MC sraeng|sraengH, “alive; fresh; raw; unprocessed”).

Noun

生(せい) • (sei) 

1. a living

   生(せい)を営(いとな)む

   sei o itonamu

   make a living

2. life

   生(せい)の喜(よろこ)び

   sei no yorokobi

   the joys of life

   Synonym: 命 (inochi)

Pronoun

生(せい) • (sei) 

1. (humble) I or me, the first person singular (used by males)

Suffix

生(せい) • (-sei) 

1. a student

   中学(ちゅうがく)生(せい)、大学(だいがく)生(せい)、受験(じゅけん)生(せい)

   chūgakusei, daigakusei, jukensei

   middle-school student, university student, test-taking student → examinee

2. (be) born in

   1950(せんきゅうひゃくごじゅう)年(ねん)生(せい)

   sen-kyūhyaku-gojū-nen sei

   born in 1950

   Antonym: 歿 (botsu) ("died in")

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 生(せい)育(いく) (seīku)
• 生(せい)花(か) (seika)
• 生(せい)家(か) (seika)
• 生(せい)活(かつ) (seikatsu)
• 生(せい)還(かん) (seikan)
• 生(せい)気(き) (seiki)
• 生(せい)計(けい) (seikei)
• 生(せい)後(ご) (seigo)
• 生(せい)硬(こう) (seikō)
• 生(せい)彩(さい) (seisai)
• 生(せい)殺(さつ) (seisatsu)
• 生(せい)産(さん) (seisan)
• 生(せい)死(し) (seishi)
• 生(せい)殖(しょく) (seishoku)
• 生(せい)新(しん) (seishin)
• 生(せい)成(せい) (seisei)
• 生(せい)鮮(せん) (seisen)
• 生(せい)前(ぜん) (seizen)
• 生(せい)存(ぞん) (seizon)
• 生(せい)体(たい) (seitai)
• 生(せい)態(たい) (seitai)
• 生(せい)誕(たん) (seitan)
• 生(せい)長(ちょう) (seichō)
• 生(せい)徒(と) (seito)
• 生(せい)得(とく) (seitoku)
• 生(せい)年(ねん) (seinen)
• 生(せい)物(ぶつ) (seibutsu)
• 生(せい)命(めい) (seimei)
• 生(せい)薬(やく) (seiyaku)
• 生(せい)来(らい) (seirai)
• 生(せい)霊(れい) (seirei)
• 衛(えい)生(せい) (eisei)
• 学(がく)生(せい) (gakusei, “student”)
• 厚(こう)生(せい) (kōsei)
• 衆(しゅう)生(せい) (shūsei)
• 出(しゅっ)生(せい) (shussei)
• 先(せん)生(せい) (sensei)
• 摂(せっ)生(せい) (sessei)
• 転(てん)生(せい) (tensei)
• 派(は)生(せい) (hasei)
• 発(はっ)生(せい) (hassei)
• 寮(りょう)生(せい) (ryōsei)
• 有(ゆう)生(せい) (yūsei)
• 生(せい)化(か)学(がく) (seikagaku)
• 双(そう)生(せい)児(じ) (sōseiji)
• 早(そう)生(せい)児(じ) (sōseiji)
• 下(か)級(きゅう)生(せい) (kakyūsei)
• 受(じゅ)験(けん)生(せい) (jukensei)
• 上(じょう)級(きゅう)生(せい) (jōkyūsei)
• 門(もん)下(か)生(せい) (monkasei)
• 生(せい)殺(さつ)与(よ)奪(だつ) (seisatsu yodatsu)
• 生(せい)々(せい)流(る)転(てん) (seiseiruten), 生(せい)生(せい)流(る)転(てん) (seiseiruten)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
生
き Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Likely a contraction from 生き (iki, “life, living; freshness”).

Noun

生(き) • (ki) 

1. purity, a lack of any admixture, a state of being undiluted

   ウィスキーを生(き)で飲(の)む

   wisukī o ki de nomu

   drink whiskey straight

Prefix

生(き) • (ki-) 

1. unrefined

   生(き)糸(いと)

   kiito

   raw silk

2. pure, undefiled, unadulterated

   生(き)娘(むすめ)

   kimusume

   innocent young girl

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 生(き)糸(いと) (kīto)
• 生(き)薬(ぐすり) (kigusuri)
• 生(き)地(じ) (kiji)
• 生(き)娘(むすめ) (kimusume)
• 生(き)一(いっ)本(ぽん) (kīppon)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
生
しょう Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 生 (MC sraeng|sraengH). The 呉音 (goon) reading, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Affix

生(しょう) or 生(affix) • (shō or affix) [[Category:Japanese
|しょう]]

1. life; lifetime

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 生(しょう)家(か) (shōka)
• 生(しょう)姜(が) (shōga)
• 生(しょう)涯(がい) (shōgai)
• 生(しょう)害(がい) (shōgai)
• 生(しょう)国(ごく) (shōgoku)
• 生(しょう)者(じゃ) (shōja)
• 生(しょう)身(じん) (shōjin)
• 生(しょう)得(とく) (shōtoku)
• 生(しょう)変(へん) (shōhen)
• 生(しょう)年(ねん) (shōnen)
• 生(しょう)滅(めつ) (shōmetsu)
• 生(しょう)薬(やく) (shōyaku)
• 生(しょう)霊(りょう) (shōryō)
• 一(いっ)生(しょう) (isshō)
• 有(う)生(しょう) (ushō)
• 往(おう)生(じょう) (ōjō)
• 衆(しゅ)生(じょう) (shujō)
• 出(しゅっ)生(しょう) (shusshō)
• 衆(す)生(じょう) (sujō)
• 殺(せっ)生(しょう) (sesshō)
• 誕(たん)生(じょう) (tanjō)
• 畜(ちく)生(しょう) (chikushō), 畜(ちき)生(しょう) (chikishō)
• 転(てん)生(しょう) (tenshō)
• 実(み)生(しょう) (mishō)
• 生(しょう)薬(やく)学(がく) (shōyakugaku)
• 誕(たん)生(じょう)日(び) (tanjōbi)
• 生(しょう)々(じょう)世(ぜ)々(ぜ) (shōjōzeze), 生(しょう)生(じょう)世(ぜ)世(ぜ) (shōjōzeze)
• 生(しょう)々(じょう)流(る)転(てん) (shōjōruten), 生(しょう)生(じょう)流(る)転(てん) (shōjōruten)
• 生(しょう)者(じゃ)必(ひつ)滅(めつ) (shōjahitsumetsu)
• 生(しょう)滅(めつ)滅(めつ)已(い) (shōmetsumetsui)
• 宝(ほう)生(しょう)如(にょ)来(らい) (Hōshōnyorai)

See also

• Appendix:Gikun Usage in Meiji Version of Japanese Bible/生

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 生 (MC sraeng|sraengH). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆡᇰ (soyng) (Yale: soyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

生 (eumhun 날 생 (nal saeng))

1. Hanja form^? of 생 (“raw; uncooked”).
2. Hanja form^? of 생 (“of life; to be born”).
3. Hanja form^? of 생 (“to produce”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 생각 (生覺, saenggak)
• 생강 (生薑, saenggang)
• 생계 (生計, saenggye)
• 생기 (生氣, saenggi)
• 생도 (生徒, saengdo)
• 생득 (生得, saengdeuk)
• 생리 (生理, saengni)
• 생명 (生命, saengmyeong)
• 생물 (生物, saengmul)
• 생산 (生産, saengsan)
• 생선 (生鮮, saengseon)
• 생수 (生水, saengsu)
• 생신 (生辰, saengsin)
• 생육 (生育, saeng'yuk)
• 생일 (生日, saeng'il)
• 생장 (生長, saengjang)
• 생존 (生存, saengjon)
• 생초 (生肖, saengcho)
• 생태 (生態, saengtae)
• 생활 (生活, saenghwal)
• 고생 (苦生, gosaeng)
• 공생 (共生, gongsaeng)
• 기생 (妓生, gisaeng)
• 년생 (年生, nyeonsaeng)
• 동생 (同生, dongsaeng)
• 발생 (發生, balsaeng)
• 사생 (私生, sasaeng)
• 선생 (先生, seonsaeng)
• 소생 (蘇生, sosaeng)
• 위생 (衛生, wisaeng)
• 유생 (幼生, yusaeng)
• 인생 (人生, insaeng)
• 일생 (一生, ilsaeng)
• 재생 (再生, jaesaeng)
• 천생 (天生, cheonsaeng)
• 출생 (出生, chulsaeng)
• 탄생 (誕生, tansaeng)
• 파생 (派生, pasaeng)
• 평생 (平生, pyeongsaeng)
• 필생 (筆生, pilsaeng)
• 학생 (學生, haksaeng)
• 생리학 (生理學, saengnihak)
• 생맥주 (生麥酒, saengmaekju, “draft/draught beer”)
• 생명력 (生命力, saengmyeongnyeok)
• 생물학 (生物學, saengmulhak)
• 생방송 (生放送, saengbangsong)
• 생산력 (生産力, saengsallyeok)
• 생산자 (生産者, saengsanja)
• 생선회 (生鮮膾, saengseonhoe)
• 생존자 (生存者, saengjonja)
• 생태계 (生態系, saengtaegye)
• 생화학 (生化學, saenghwahak)
• 고생물 (古生物, gosaengmul)
• 기생충 (寄生蟲, gisaengchung)
• 미생물 (微生物, misaengmul)
• 발생학 (發生學, balsaenghak)
• 사생활 (私生活, sasaenghwal)
• 식생활 (食生活, siksaenghwal)
• 우생학 (優生學, usaenghak)
• 재생산 (再生産, jaesaengsan)
• 중생대 (中生代, jungsaengdae)
• 견습생 (見習生, gyeonseupsaeng)
• 낙화생 (落花生, nakhwasaeng)
• 남동생 (男同生, namdongsaeng)
• 남학생 (男學生, namhaksaeng)
• 대학생 (大學生, daehaksaeng)
• 불살생 (不殺生, bulsalsaeng)
• 수험생 (受驗生, suheomsaeng)
• 신입생 (新入生, sinipsaeng)
• 여고생 (女高生, yeogosaeng)
• 여대생 (女大生, yeodaesaeng)
• 여동생 (女同生, yeodongsaeng)
• 여학생 (女學生, yeohaksaeng)
• 유학생 (留學生, yuhaksaeng)
• 졸업생 (卒業生, joreopsaeng)
• 중학생 (中學生, junghaksaeng)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Okinawan

Kanji

生

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• On (unclassified): そー (sō)
• Kun: っんまりゆん ('nmariyun, 生まりゆん); なすん (nasun, 生すん); いちちゅん (ichichun, 生ちちゅん); いかすん (ikasun, 生かすん)

Compounds

• 生日(っんまりびー) ('nmaribī)

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Vietnamese

Han character

生: Hán Việt readings: sinh, sanh (師(sư)庚(canh)切(thiết))
生: Nôm readings: sanh, siêng, sinh, xinh, xênh, sống, xanh

1. Template:han tu form of
2. Template:han tu form of
3. Template:Nom form of

Compounds

Compounds

• 生病 (sinh bệnh)
• 生徒 (sinh đồ)
• 生動 (sinh động)
• 生活 (sinh hoạt)
• 生學 (sinh học)
• 生理 (sinh lí)
• 生命 (sinh mệnh)
• 生日 (sinh nhật)
• 生態 (sinh thái)
• 生素 (sinh tố)
• 生存 (sinh tồn)
• 生物 (sinh vật)
• 生員 (sinh viên)
• 稟生 (bẩm sinh)
• 誕生 (đản sinh)
• 學生 (học sinh)
• 寄生 (kí sinh)
• 人生 (nhân sinh)
• 發生 (phát sinh)
• 先生 (tiên sinh)
• 私生 (tư sinh)
• 衛生 (vệ sinh)
• 生病學 (sinh bệnh học)
• 生化學 (sinh hóa học/sinh hoá học)
• 生理學 (sinh lí học)
• 生態學 (sinh thái học)
• 生物學 (sinh vật học)
• 寄生蟲 (kí sinh trùng)
• 理生學 (lý sinh học)
• 微生物 (vi sinh vật)
• 禮降生 (lễ Giáng sinh)
• 生能 (siêng năng)