Appendix:Taghbach word list

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The Taghbach (Tabghach) word list below contains reconstructed Taghbach words by Shimunek (2017).[1]

Notation

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Forms reconstructed using the comparative method are marked with one asterisk (*), while forms reconstructed according to the Chinese fanqie spellings and/or rhymes of the traditional Chinese philological tradition are marked with two asterisks (**) (originally marked as ✩ by Shimunek 2017).

Abbreviations include:

  • CSM (Common Serbi-Mongolic)
  • NEMC (northern Early Middle Chinese)
  • and others

Classification

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Shimunek (2017) classifies Taghbach as part of a Serbi-Mongolic language family that he has proposed. Serbi-Mongolic has two primary branches, Mongolic and Serbi-Awar (or "para-Mongolic" in other classifications).

  • Serbi-Mongolic (Common Serbi-Mongolic)
    • Mongolic
    • Serbi-Awar
      • Awar (Avar) (Wu-huan 烏桓 or Wu-wan 烏丸)
      • Old Serbi (Common Serbi)
        • Ch’i-fu/Qifu 乞伏 (northern Early Middle Chinese/NEMC *kʰɨrbuwk)
        • Tuan/Duan 段 (NEMC *dɔr̃)
        • Taghbach
        • T’u-yü-hun (Mu-jung/Murong 慕容)
        • Kitanic (Yü-wen/Yuwen 宇文)
          • Old Kitan
          • Qay 奚 (NEMC *ɣay)
          • Shirwi proper 室韋 (*širwi/*širβi < *serbi 鮮卑 'Xianbei')

Morphology

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Taghbach (reconstructed form) Taghbach (original transcription) English gloss Original Chinese gloss notes
*-A(y) ~ *ʁa(y) verbal noun suffix < CSM
*-Al ~ *-l deverbal noun suffix < CSM
**čɪ ~ **či suffix denoting occupations < CSM
**-mɔr/-mʊr deverbal noun suffix < CSM
**-n plural suffix < CSM

Note that Taghbach, like Mongolian and Manchu, has suffixing morphology.

Lexicon

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Taghbach (reconstructed form) Taghbach (original transcription) English gloss Original Chinese gloss notes
*agyɪl ~ *agɪl house < CSM
**âɦaɨyʁčɪn External Attendants 左右
*/bʊrčɪn/ (phonemic), *[bʊčɪn] (phonetic) nobles who prepare food 貴人 < CSM
*čarʁʊyčɪn people who send out and receive accusations on behalf of the ruler 為主 < CSM
*čʰɪrqañ a kind of artemisia < CSM
*čʰɪrnɔ wolf < CSM
**čʰɪrʊ invoke, praying
*čʰur ~ *čʰʊr hand net < CSM
**darbǝl/**dalbǝl/**dǝrbǝl/**dǝlbǝl (?) robe cf. WMgl debel ~ degel ‘robe’
**dɪʁa writing, book, document < **dɪ- () ‘to write’ (< Common Serbi *dɪ- ~ *tɪ- ‘write’ ← LOC dial. *tɨ- ‘to write’)
**digčin Internal Attendants 左右
*dʊqʊ battle-axe
**dźuwʁbiarkɔr̃ feudal lords 諸侯
*gir sandal cord < CSM
**ɣʊr/ldʊli ~ **ɣʊr/ldʊlig hole, drain cf. Middle Mongol quduq ‘well’
**ɣyam relay route < CSM
**ɣyamčɪn people who ride along the relay route through all provinces < CSM
**ɦatśir̃ food 飲食
**ɦirlǝgbɔr abalone
*ɦorbǝl warmth < *ɦorb-ǝl/*ɦorbǝ-l < *ɦorb-/*ɦorbǝ- ‘be warm’ < CSM
*ɦɔray going i.e. *ɦɔr-ay < *ɦɔr- ‘go’ < CSM
**ɦʊgñag Two Thousand Bushel Official
*ɦʊrʁay cultivation 􂳯 for i.e. *ɦʊrg-ay < *ɦʊrg- ‘cultivate’ < CSM
*ɪrgɪn above, superior ← Central Eurasian Kulturwort
*ɪrgɪn **diʁa/**dɪʁa imperial secretary 尚書
**kʰɪl- (?) speak as in **kʰɪlmɔrčɪn ‘interpreters’
**kʰɪlmɔrčɪn/**kʰɪlmʊrčɪn interpreters < CSM
**kʰɪr- to kill someone 殺人 < CSM
**kʰɪʁkɪr̃ mugwort
**kʰɪrʁayčɪn assassins 殺人者 < CSM
*mʊdɪ prefect 刺史 < CSM
*ñaqañ dog for < CSM
**ñakkʰʊʁyɪr̃ bandit
*pary-al bridge < CSM
**pitəgčin/**bitəgčin bureaucratic clerks cf. Old Turkic
**pʰatala rice water cf. LMK path L ~ pat L ‘rice field’
**pʰɔgdayčɪn people responsible for clothing
*pʰɔr- surround < CSM
*pʰurtugčin people who ride along the relay route cf. WMgl örtegečin
*qaydʊlʊ Saka, Scythian
**qɔkʰɛyʁ ~ **qɔkɛy sluggish
*qɔw/*qəw pig, boar < CSM
**qʊrag weapons of war < CSM
**qʊragčɪn people who carry weapons
**qʰaʁan the imperial ancestors 祖先
**qʰaʁbagčɪn door guards 守門人 cf. Old Turkic
*qʰaʁsʊn imperial consort 皇后
*qʰaʁtʊn the imperial ancestral mothers
**tʰaʁ dirt, soil, earth
*tʰʊʁnar mountain
**tʰʊʁay ancient
*uwl/*ʊwl cloud < CSM
**yɨačin The Three Dukes
*yirtʊqañ/*yirtʊqan bright
*žirpəŋ raised earth, embankment < CSM
**žiʁlʊ high, tall

References

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  1. ^ Shimunek, Andrew (2017) Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, →OCLC
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