其
See also: 丌
Translingual
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Han character
其 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿一一金 (TMMC), four-corner 44801, composition ⿴共𠄠)
Derived characters
See also
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 127, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1472
- Dae Jaweon: page 286, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 245, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5176
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
其 | |
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| alternative forms | 丌 亓 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 其 | ||||||||||||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||||||||||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | |||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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In the oracle bone script, it was originally 𠀠, a pictogram (象形) of a basket.
In the bronze inscriptions, 丌 was added under the basket to represent a stand. It may also have acted as a phonetic component.
Later borrowed for an Old Chinese pronoun. The derivative 箕 (OC *kɯ) refers to the original word.
Etymology
- third-person possessive pronoun
- Schuessler (2007) notes its origin is not certain because in the linguistic area pronouns tend to be of the shape KV (K=velar stop; V=vowel). Perhaps Sino-Tibetan; compare Mizo khi (“that”), Tibetan -ཀྱི, -གྱི (-kyi, -gyi, “genitive suffix”), but a Tibeto-Burman /a/ should be expected in this set. Alternatively, Proto-Austroasiatic *ki/ke ~ *ku/ko (“third person pronoun”) whose earliest form is perhaps *kɨ (Pinnow, 1965) appears to be phonologically closest to the OC word. 其 (OC *ɡɯ) may be related to 渠 (OC *ɡa, “he”).
- modal particle "should; probably"
- Probably cognate with 期 (OC *ɡɯ, “stipulated time; time”), 期 (OC *kɯ, “year”) (Serruys, 1982).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kei4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khì
- Eastern Min (BUC): gì
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6ji
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cí
- Wade–Giles: chʻi2
- Yale: chí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyi
- Palladius: ци (ci)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kei4
- Yale: kèih
- Cantonese Pinyin: kei4
- Guangdong Romanization: kéi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰei̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khì
- Hakka Romanization System: kiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ki2
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gì
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: gi
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɡə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯ/
Definitions
- † he; she; it; they; one
- 投其所好 ― tóuqísuǒhào ― to adapt to somebody's taste (lit. to cater to that which one likes)
- † his; her; its; their
- 子曰：「父在，觀其志；父沒，觀其行；三年無改於父之道，可謂孝矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Fù zài, guān qí zhì; fù méi, guān qí xíng; sān nián wú gǎi yú fù zhī dào, kěwèi xiào yǐ.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "While a man's father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial."
子曰：「父在，观其志；父没，观其行；三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † that; those
- † among which; therein
- 寺僧使小僮持斧，於亂石間，擇其一二叩之，硿硿然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: (deprecated template usage) 蘇軾, 《石鐘山記》
- Sìsēng shǐ xiǎotóng chí fǔ, yú luànshí jiān, zé qí yī'èr kòu zhī, kōngkōng rán. [Pinyin]
- The temple monk let his young servant hold an axe, and among the rocks pick one or two spots and strike at them. A sonorous sound was produced.
寺僧使小僮持斧，于乱石间，择其一二叩之，硿硿然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † probably; perhaps
- 知進退存亡而不失其正者，其唯聖人乎！ [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
- Zhī jìntuì cúnwáng ér bù shī qí zhèng zhě, qí wéi shèngrén hū! [Pinyin]
- The person who knows to advance and to retire, to maintain and to let perish, without ever acting incorrectly, can probably only be the sage!
知进退存亡而不失其正者，其唯圣人乎！ [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]- 子曰：「不怨天，不尤人。下學而上達。知我者，其天乎！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, Wiktionary translation
- Zǐyuē: “Bù yuàn tiān, bù yóu rén. Xià xué ér shàng dá. Zhī wǒ zhě, qí tiān hū!” [Pinyin]
- The Master replied, "I do not murmur against Heaven. I do not grumble against men. My studies lie low, and my penetration rises high. There is probably only Heaven who knows me!"
子曰：「不怨天，不尤人。下学而上达。知我者，其天乎！」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 微管仲，吾其被髮左衽矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, Wiktionary translation
- Wēi Guǎnzhòng, wú qí bèifàzuǒrèn yǐ. [Pinyin]
- But without Guan Zhong, we should now be wearing our hair unbound, and the lappets of our coats buttoning on the left side.
微管仲，吾其被发左衽矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † (adverb indicating a rhetorical question)
- 若火之燎于原，不可向邇，其猶可撲滅？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
- Ruò huǒ zhī liáo yú yuán, bùkěxiàng'ěr, qí yóu kě pūmiè? [Pinyin]
- When a fire is blazing in the flames so that it cannot be approached, can it still be beaten out?
若火之燎于原，不可向迩，其犹可扑灭？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 晉不可啟，寇不可玩；一之謂甚，其可再乎！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Jìn bùkě qǐ, kòu bùkě wán; yī zhī wèi shèn, qí kě zài hū! [Pinyin]
- The greed of Jin is not to be triggered; robbers are not to be ignored. Once is already too much; how can there be a second occurrence?
晋不可启，寇不可玩；一之谓甚，其可再乎！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † (adverb indicating imperative)
- 秦王使人謂安陵君曰：「寡人欲以五百里之地易安陵，安陵君其許寡人！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
- Qín wáng shǐ rén wèi Ānlíngjūn yuē: “Guǎrén yù yǐ wǔbǎi lǐ zhī dì yì Ānlíng, Ānlíngjūn qí xǔ guǎrén!” [Pinyin]
- The king of Qin dispatched envoys to tell Anling Jun, "I would like to exchange five hundred lis of land" for Anling. Please accept my offer!"
秦王使人谓安陵君曰：「寡人欲以五百里之地易安陵，安陵君其许寡人！」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † if
- 王知夫苗乎？七八月之間旱，則苗槁矣。天油然作雲，沛然下雨，則苗浡然興之矣。其如是，孰能禦之？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Wáng zhī fū miáo hū? Qī bā yuè zhījiān hàn, zé miáo gǎo yǐ. Tiān yóurán zuò yún, pèirán xiàyǔ, zé miáo bórán xīng zhī yǐ. Qí rúshì, shú néng yù zhī? [Pinyin]
- Does your Majesty understand the way of the growing grain? During the seventh and eighth months, when drought prevails, the plants become dry. Then the clouds collect densely in the heavens, they send down torrents of rain, and the grain erects itself, as if by a shoot. If so, who can keep it back?
王知夫苗乎？七八月之间旱，则苗槁矣。天油然作云，沛然下雨，则苗浡然兴之矣。其如是，孰能御之？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † (conjunction indicating a question with choices) or
- 公文軒見右師而驚曰：「是何人也？惡乎介也？天與，其人與？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Gōngwénxuān jiàn Yòushī ér jīng yuē: “Shì hérén yě? Èhū jiè yě? Tiān yú, qí rén yú?” [Pinyin]
- When Gong-wen Xian saw the Master of the Left, he was startled, and said, 'What sort of man is this? How is it he has but one foot? Is it from Heaven? Or from Man?'
公文轩见右师而惊曰：「是何人也？恶乎介也？天与，其人与？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Eastern Min) Possessive particle.
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ji
- Wade–Giles: chi1
- Yale: jī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gei1
- Yale: gēi
- Cantonese Pinyin: gei1
- Guangdong Romanization: géi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: ki
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kɯ/
Definitions
- † Used at the end of a sentence to show doubt.
- † Used in personal names.
References
- (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) →ISBN.
- (Min Nan) “Entry #3600”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
Kanji
其
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings
Compounds
Pronoun
Korean
Hanja
其 (eum 기 (gi))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
其: Hán Nôm readings: kì, kỳ, cà, khởi
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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