sin

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "sin"

Translingual

Symbol

sin

  1. (mathematics) The trigonometric function sine.
  2. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sinhala.

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-ih₂, from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee.

Cognates

Cognate with Scots syn, sin (“sin”), Saterland Frisian Säände (“sin”), West Frisian sûnde (“sin”), Dutch zonde (“sin”), Low German sunn, sunne (“sin”), German Sünde (“sin”), Swedish synd (“sin”), Icelandic synð, synd (“sin”), Latin sont-, sons (“sinful, guilty, criminal”). Doublet of suttee.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • enPR: sĭn, IPA(key): /sɪn/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɪn

Noun

sin (countable and uncountable, plural sins)

  1. (theology) A violation of God's will or religious law.
    As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.
    • 1866, James Buchanan, Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion‎[1], New York: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 9:
      Slavery, according to them, was a grievous sin against God, and therefore no human Constitution could rightfully shield it from destruction. It was sinful to live in a political confederacy which tolerated slavery in any of the States composing it; […]
  2. A misdeed.
    • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:
      The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.
  3. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
  4. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
  5. A flaw.
    No movie is without sin.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Terms derived from sin (noun)
Translations
See sin/translations § Noun.

Verb

sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)

  1. (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.
Derived terms
Translations
See sin/translations § Verb.

Etymology 2

Modification of shin.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

sin (plural sins)

  1. A letter of the Hebrew alphabet; שׂ
  2. A letter of the Arabic alphabet; س

Etymology 3

Noun

sin (plural sins)

  1. Alternative form of sinh (“tube skirt”)

Anagrams

Afar

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsin/ [ˈsɪn]
  • Hyphenation: sin

Pronoun

sín (predicative síini)

  1. ye, you

See also

Afar personal pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person m 3rd person f
Subject Singular anú atú úsuk ís
Plural nanú isín úsun
Object Singular yó kó ká tét
Plural né sín kén

Determiner

sín

  1. your (second person plural)

See also

Afar possessive determiners
1st person 2nd person 3rd person m 3rd person f
Personal Singular yi ku kay tet
Plural ni sin ken
Reflexive Singular inní isí
Plural ninní isinní, sinní

References

  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “sin”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch zin, from Middle Dutch sin, from Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Pronunciation

Noun

sin (plural sinne)

  1. meaning, sense
  2. sentence
  3. sense (means of perceiving reality)
  4. sense, comprehension
  5. desire

Derived terms

Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin sinus. Compare Romanian sân, Spanish seno.

Noun

sin n (plural sinj)

  1. breast

See also

Asturian

Preposition

sin

  1. Alternative form of ensin

Breton

Etymology

From Latin signum.

Noun

sin m

  1. sign

Cebuano

Etymology

From Spanish zinc, from German Zink, related to Zinke (“point, prong”), from Middle High German zinke, from Old High German zinko (“prong, tine”), allied to zint (“a jag, point”), from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth, projection”).

Noun

sin

  1. zinc
  2. galvanized iron sheet

Cornish

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin signum.

Noun

sin m (plural sînys)

  1. sign

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse sínn.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

sin c (neuter sit, plural sine)

  1. (reflexive possessive) third-person sg pronoun, meaning his/her/its (own)
    Han læste sin bog ― He read his (own) book
    Compare: Han læste hans bog ― He read his (somebody else's) book

See also

Danish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
Singular First – jeg mig min mit mine
Second modern / informal du dig din dit dine
formal De Dem Deres
Third masculine (person) han ham hans
feminine (person) hun hende hendes
common(noun) den dens
neuter(noun) det dets
reflexive – sig sin sit sine
Plural First modern vi os vores
archaic / formal vor vort vore
Second – I jer jeres
Third – de dem deres
reflexive – sig

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Pronoun

sin

  1. accusative of si

Fon

Noun

sin

  1. water

References

  • Claire Lefebvre, Anne-Marie Brousseau, A Grammar of Fongbe (2002, →ISBN

Gun

Pronunciation

Noun

sin (sìn)

  1. water

References

  • Aspect and Modality in Kwa Languages (2006, →ISBN

Hausa

Etymology

From Arabic سِين (sīn).

Pronunciation

Noun

sin f

  1. sin (letter of the Arabic alphabet)

Hunsrik

Etymology

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) and *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *es-, *h₁es- (“to be, exist”).

Pronunciation

Verb

sin

  1. to be
    Ich sin en Mann.
    I am a man.
    Deer seid zu mied.
    You are too tired.
    Sie denke, sie wäär en Hex.
    They think she's a witch.
  2. (auxiliary) forms the perfect tense of most intransitive verbs
    Ich sin fortgang.
    I am gone.

Inflection

Conjugation of sin
infinitive sin
past participle gewees(t)
present tense past tense conditional tense
1st person singular sin waar wäär
2nd person singular bist waarst wäärst
3rd person singular is waar wäär
1st person  plural sin waare wääre
2nd person plural seid waard wäärd
3rd person plural sin waare wääre
imperative
2nd person singular sei
2nd person plural seid

Derived terms

Further reading

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse sin.

Pronunciation

Noun

sin f (genitive singular sinar, nominative plural sinar)

  1. sinew, tendon

Declension

    Declension of sin
f-s1 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative sin sinin sinar sinarnar
accusative sin sinina sinar sinarnar
dative sin sininni sinum sinunum
genitive sinar sinarinnar sina sinanna

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Irish sin, from Old Irish sin.

Pronunciation

  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Munster" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ʃɪnʲ/
  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Ulster" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ʃɨ̞nʲ/

Determiner

sin

  1. (used with the definite article) that
    an buachaill sin ― that boy

Pronoun

sin

  1. that
    Sin é mo dheartháir.
    That is my brother.
    • (Can we date this quote?), “Cad é sin don té sin [What is that to anyone]”‎[3]:
      Ó cad é sin don té sin nach mbaineann sin dó?
      Oh what is that to him whom that doesn't concern?

Derived terms

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
sin shin
after an, tsin 		not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Italian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsin/
  • Rhymes: -in
  • Hyphenation: sìn

Preposition

sin

  1. Apocopic form of sino

Iu Mien

Etymology

From Chinese 身 (MC syin).

Noun

sin 

  1. body

Kabyle

Kabyle cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : sin

Etymology

From Proto-Berber.

Pronunciation

Numeral

sin m (feminine snat)

  1. two

References

  • Bellahsene, Linda, Hameg, Nadia (2009) “Kabyle numeral system”, in Université Paris 4, CNRS, editor, Numeral Systems of the World's Languages‎[4], Paris, France

Ladino

Etymology

From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine.

Pronunciation

Preposition

sin (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling סין)

  1. without

Antonyms

Latin

Etymology

From sī + nē.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

sīn

  1. if however, if on the contrary, but if
    sin aliter/minus/secus ― otherwise, if not

References

  • sin in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication

Livonian

Pronoun

sin

  1. genitive singular of sinā

Menien

Noun

sin

  1. water

References

  • Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens, page 155

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Noun

sin m or f

  1. direction
  2. attention
  3. sense, intellect, reason
  4. feeling, emotion
  5. sense, perception
  6. meaning

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

  • Dutch: zin
  • Limburgish: zin

Further reading

Middle English

Conjunction

sin

  1. Alternative form of sithen

Middle High German

Etymology 1

From Old High German sīn. Cognate with Middle Low German sīn.

Verb

sīn

  1. to be, become
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Old High German sīn.

Determiner

sīn

  1. his
  2. its
  3. one's
Descendants

Middle Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish sin.

Determiner

sin

  1. (used with the definite article) that
    • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:
      Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]
      That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]

Pronoun

sin

  1. that
    • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:
      Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]
      That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]

Further reading

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "originally" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /siːn/

Etymology 1

From Old Saxon sīn.

Pronoun

sîn

  1. (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, masculine, genitive) of his
    • lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.
      John rode Sir Zeno to Verona, to the father of his.
  2. (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, neuter, genitive) of it
  3. (possessive, third person, in the singular, masculine) his
  4. (possessive, third person, neuter, masculine) its
Declension

Personal pronoun:

Middle Low German personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive
1st person singular ik (ek) mî (mê, mik, mek) mîn (mîner)
2nd person singular dû dî (dê, dik, dek) dîn (dîner)
3rd person singular
m hê (hî, hie) ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) ēme, em (ȫme, en) sîn (sîner)
n it (et)
f sê (sî, sie, sü̂) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
1st person plural wî (wê, wie) uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) unser (ûser)
2nd person plural gî (jê, î) jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) jûwer (ûwer)
3rd person plural sê (sî, sie) em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)

For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here.

Possessive pronoun:

Declension of sin
nominative accusative dative genitive
Strong declension
Masculine sîn sînen sînem(e) (sînennote) sînes
Neuter sîn
Feminine sîne sîner(e)
Plural sîne sînen sîner(e)
Weak declension
Masculine sîne sînen sînen
Neuter sîne
Feminine sînen
Plural sînen
The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period.
Alternative forms
  • sîner (for the genitive of the personal pronoun)

Etymology 2

From Old Saxon sīn.

Alternative forms

Verb

sîn

  1. to be

Usage notes
  • Wēsen is a verb with a suppletive conjugation based on multiple Proto-Germanic stems. For many verb forms, authors freely chose between forms based on the stems wēs- and sî-, without semantic impact. This is also true for modern Low German and Dutch. For the forms based on the sî- stem, see the respective entry at wēsen.
Descendants
  • German Low German:
    Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch: sin (past participle: west, also wesen)
    Westphalian:
    Münsterländisch: syn (past participle: weßt), sien (past participle: west)
    Paderbornisch: seyn, syn (past participle: wiäsen)

Min Nan

For pronunciation and definitions of sin – see 新 (“new; fresh; new; unused; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 新).

Miskito

Adverb

sin

  1. also, too

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *xʸən (“shaman's power, medicine, song”). Related to -YĮĮD (“to be holy”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸən (“to act as a shaman, to be endowed with supernatural powers”).

Compare Ahtna sen (“spiritual power, medecine”), Koyukon sən (“shaman's spirit”), Gwich'in shan (“shamanism, magic”), Tlingit shí, shī, shi(n) (“sing, song”), Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.

Pronunciation

Noun

sin (possessed form biyiin)

  1. song

Inflection

possessives of sin
singular duoplural plural
1st person shiyiin nihiyiin danihiyiin
2nd person niyiin nihiyiin danihiyiin
3rd person biyiin
4th person (3o) yiyiin
4th person (3a) hayiin
Indefinite (3i) ayiin

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

Pronoun

sin

  1. Inflected form of san
  2. its

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Pronoun

sin

  1. accusative/genitive of sii

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse sinn.

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Determiner

sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

  1. (reflexive) her / his / its / their
  2. indicating possession; 's, of
    Det var skolen sin bil.
    It was the school's car.

References

See also

    Personal pronouns in Bokmål
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
feminine masculine neuter plural
Singular First – jeg meg mi min mitt mine
Second general du deg di din ditt dine
formal (rare) De Dem Deres
Third feminine (person) hun henne hennes
masculine (person) han ham / han hans
feminine (noun) den dens
masculine (noun)
neuter (noun) det dets
reflexive – seg si sin sitt sine
Plural First – vi oss vår vårt våre
Second general dere deres
formal (very rare) De Dem Deres
Third general de dem deres
reflexive – seg si sin sitt sine

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse sinn.

Pronunciation

Determiner

sin (masculine sin, feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

  1. (reflexive) her/his/its/their
  2. indicating possession; 's, of
    Det var skulen sin bil.
    It was the school’s car.

References

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

Determiner

sīn

  1. his, its, hers

Inflection

Declension of sin — Strong only
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sīn sīn sīn
Accusative sīnin sīna sīn
Genitive sīnis sīnro sīnis
Dative sīnin sīnro sīnin
Instrumental sīnin sīnro sīnin
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sīna sīna sīna
Accusative sīna sīna sīna
Genitive sīnro sīnro sīnro
Dative sīnon sīnon sīnon
Instrumental sīn- sīn- sīn-

Descendants

Further reading

  • “sīn (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive).

Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

sīn

  1. (rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his; her; its; their
    him ġewāt Hrōþgār tō hofe sīnum ― For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
    þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtum ― The woman walks with her feet
    þeċ heriað Israhēla, herran sīnne ― Israel plunders you, their lord
    Bær sēo brimwylf hringa þengel tō hofe sīnum ― The sea-wolf carried the Prince of Rings to her lair

Usage notes

  • Usually occurs in non-West Saxon dialects; rarely occurs in West Saxon prose, where it was replaced early on by the genitive forms: his, hire, and heora.

Declension

Declension of sīn — Strong only
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sīn sīn sīn
Accusative sīnne sīne sīn
Genitive sīnes sīnre sīnes
Dative sīnum sīnre sīnum
Instrumental sīne sīnre sīne
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sīne sīna, sīne sīn
Accusative sīne sīna, sīne sīn
Genitive sīnra sīnra sīnra
Dative sīnum sīnum sīnum
Instrumental sīnum sīnum sīnum

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Noun

sin m

  1. sense
  2. mind
  3. spirit
  4. thought
  5. intention

Declension

Declension of sin (masculine a-stem)
case singular plural
nominative sin sina
accusative sin sina
genitive sines sino
dative sine sinum
instrumental sinu —

Descendants

References

  1. Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).

Determiner

sin

  1. that (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)
    Synonym: tall
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14c23
      co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu
      so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different

Derived terms

Descendants

Pronoun

sin

  1. that (as a direct object, used together with a clitic pronoun)
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
      Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
      It is in the person of Christ that I do that.

Derived terms

Old Norse

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *senawō.

Noun

sin f (genitive sinar)

  1. cord, tendon, sinew; nerve

References

  • “sin”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

Determiner

sīn m or n

  1. (dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his, its
    • that thar sīn ist: that sculun iuuua seolon uuesen
      Those are his lies: that they shall be your souls
      (Heliand, verse 3832)
Declension
Declension of sīn
Strong declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative sīn sīne sīn sīnu sīn sīne
accusative sīnana sīne sīn sīnu sīna sīne
genitive sīnes sīnarō sīnes sīnarō sīnaro sīnarō
dative sīnumu sīnum sīnumu sīnum sīnaro sīnum
Weak declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative sīno sīnu sīna sīnu sīna sīnu
accusative sīnun sīnun sīna sīnun sīnun sīnun
genitive sīnun sīnonō sīnun sīnonō sīnun sīnonō
dative sīnun sīnum sīnun sīnum sīnun sīnum


Descendants

See also

Old Saxon personal pronouns
Personal pronouns
Singular 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative ik thū hē siu it
Accusative mī, me, mik thī, thik ina sia
Dative mī thī imu iru it
Genitive mīn thīn is ira is
Dual 1. 2. - - -
Nominative wit git - - -
Accusative unk ink - - -
Dative
Genitive unkero, unka

inker, inka

- - -
Plural 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative wī, we gī, ge sia sia siu
Accusative ūs, unsik eu, iu, iuu
Dative ūs im
Genitive ūser euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera iro

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with Old Dutch sīn (“to be”), Old English sēon (“to be”), Old High German sīn. More at sooth.

Verb

sīn (irregular)

  1. to be (more at wesan)
Conjugation
Conjugation of sīn (irregular, suppletive)
infinitive sīn
indicative present past
1st person singular *em, *im was
2nd person singular *art *wāri
3rd person singular ist, is was
plural sind, sindun, *arun wārun
subjunctive present past
1st person singular sī wāri
2nd person singular sīs wāris
3rd person singular sī wāri
plural sīn wārin
imperative present
singular wes, wis
plural wesad, wesat, wesath
participle present past
wesandi giwesan
Descendants

Old Spanish

Etymology

From Latin sine.

Preposition

sin

  1. without
    • c. 1200, Cantar del Mio Cid:
      Vio puertas abiertas e uços sin cannados
      He saw open doors and gates without locks

Antonyms

Descendants

Picard

Pronoun

sin m

  1. his, hers or its

Romanian

Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ), from Proto-Slavic *synъ (“son”).

Noun

sin m (uncountable)

  1. (dated, regional) son of (in patronymics)

Declension

declension of sin (singular only)
singular
m gender indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) sin sinul
genitive/dative (unui) sin sinului
vocative sinule

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn. Cognates include West Frisian syn and German sein.

Pronunciation

Determiner

sin (feminine sien, neuter sien, plural sien, predicative sinnen)

  1. his

See also

Saterland Frisian possessives
Possessive determiners
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd f 3rd n 1st 2nd 3rd
masculine min din sin hiere sin uus jou hiere
other mien dien sien sien
Possessive pronouns
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd f 3rd n 1st 2nd 3rd
masculine minnen dinnen sinnen hierens sinnen uzen jouens hierens
other mienen dienen sienen sienen

References

  • Marron C. Fort (2015) “sin”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish sin.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

sin

  1. that
    Dè tha sin?
    What is that?

Derived terms

Determiner

sin

  1. (used with the definite article) that
    an gille sin
    that boy

Derived terms

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

Noun

sȋn m (Cyrillic spelling си̑н)

  1. son
Declension
Declension of sin
singular plural
nominative sȋn sȉnovi
genitive sȋna sȉnōvā
dative sȋnu sȉnovima
accusative sȋna sȉnove
vocative sȋne sȉnovi
locative sínu sȉnovima
instrumental sȋnom sȉnovima

Etymology 2

From Hebrew ש‎.

Pronunciation

Noun

sȉn m (Cyrillic spelling си̏н)

  1. sin (letter of various Semitic abjads)
Declension
Declension of sin
singular plural
nominative sin sini
genitive sina sina
dative sinu sinima
accusative sina sine
vocative sine sini
locative sinu sinima
instrumental sinom sinima

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

Noun

sȋn m anim

  1. son

Inflection

Declension of sin
nom. sing. sin
gen. sing. sina
singular dual plural
nominative sin sinova sinovi
accusative sin / sinu sinova sinove
genitive sina sinov sinov
dative sinu sinovoma sinovom
locative sinu sinovih sinovih
instrumental sinom sinovoma sinovi

Further reading

  • “sin”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine. Cognate with English sans, French sans, Italian senza, and Portuguese sem.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsin/ [ˈsĩn]
  • Audio (Colombia):(file)

Preposition

sin

  1. without
    Antonym: con

Derived terms

Further reading

Swedish

Etymology 1

Nominalisation of sina (“run dry”).

Noun

sin ?

  1. Dryness, the state of having run dry.
Usage notes

Most commonly used when referring to either milk or funds.

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish sīn, from Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with Danish sin, Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (seins), German sein, Dutch zijn.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

sin c (neuter sitt, plural sina)

  1. his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own). (Reflexive possessive third person pronoun).
    Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan.
    He picked up his (own) mail ten minutes ago.
    Compare:
    Han hämtade hans post för tio minuter sedan.
    He picked up his (somebody else’s) mail ten minutes ago.
    Hon samlar sina dikter i en låda.
    She collects her poems in a box.
    Hunden tycker inte om sitt halsband.
    The dog doesn’t like its collar.
    De tog sina papper och lämnade mötet.
    They gathered their papers and left the meeting.
Usage notes
  • The inflection of the word sin is determined by the gender and number of the object: sin for common singular, sitt for neuter singular, and sina for plural, just like an adjective.
Declension
Swedish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
singular first — jag mig, mej3 min mitt mina
second — du dig, dej3 din ditt dina
third masculine (person) han honom, han2, en5 hans
feminine (person) hon henne, na5 hennes
gender-neutral (person)1 hen hen, henom7 hens
common (noun) den den dess
neuter (noun) det det dess
indefinite man or en4 en ens
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
plural first — vi oss vår, våran2 vårt, vårat2 våra
second — ni er er, eran2, ers6 ert, erat2 era
archaic I eder eder, eders6 edert edra
third — de, dom3 dem, dom3 deras
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
1Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, and has gained widespread acceptance today.
2Informal
4Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.
5Informal, somewhat dialectal
6Formal address
7Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Tatar

Pronoun

sin

  1. you (singular), thou

Turkish

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sɨ(j)n (“monument, tomb”).[1]

Noun

sin (definite accusative sini, plural sinler)

  1. (dated) grave, burial place

Inflection

Inflection
Nominative sin
Definite accusative sini
Singular Plural
Nominative sin sinler
Definite accusative sini sinleri
Dative sine sinlere
Locative sinde sinlerde
Ablative sinden sinlerden
Genitive sinin sinlerin

References

  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*sɨ(j)n”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Vietnamese

Etymology

From translingual sin, from English sine, from Latin sinus.

Pronunciation

Noun

sin

  1. (trigonometry) sine
    Sin đi học. Cos không hư. Tang đoàn kết. Cotang kết đoàn.
    SOH-CAH-TOA
    (literally, “Sine goes to school. Cosine isn't naughty. Tangent unifies. Cotangent does too.”)

See also

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle English sine, from Old French signe.

Noun

sin m (plural sinau, not mutable)

  1. sign, symbol, emblem

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian sinn, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Pronunciation

Noun

sin c (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)

  1. sentence (syntactic unit containing a subject and a predicate)
  2. sense (means of experiencing the external world)
  3. meaning, sense, significance

Further reading

  • “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Noun

sin n (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)

  1. mood
  2. opinion, view

Further reading

  • “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

sìn

  1. (transitive) to worship a deity; to revere
  2. (transitive) to serve
Derived terms
Usage notes
  • sin before a direct object

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

sìn

  1. (transitive) to domesticate an animal or plant
Derived terms
Usage notes
  • sin before a direct object

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Verb

sìn

  1. (transitive) to give a girl away in marriage
Usage notes
  • sin before a direct object

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Verb

sìn

  1. (transitive) to accompany or escort someone; to keep company of someone; to guide
Derived terms
Usage notes
  • sin before a direct object

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Verb

sìn

  1. (transitive) to serve, to work for someone
Derived terms
Usage notes
  • sin before a direct object

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

Verb

sìn

  1. (transitive) to demand something from someone to recover it
Derived terms
Usage notes
  • sin before a direct object

Etymology 7

Pronunciation

Verb

sin

  1. (transitive) to bury in soil
Derived terms

Etymology 8

Pronunciation

Verb

sin

  1. (transitive) to lie hidden, to remain secret
    ọ̀rọ̀ náà sin ― the matter remains secret

Etymology 9

Pronunciation

Verb

sín

  1. (transitive, usually with gbẹ́rẹ́) to incise the body (usually in the process of traditional rituals)
    Synonym: síngbẹ́rẹ́
Derived terms

Etymology 10

Pronunciation

Verb

sín

  1. (intransitive) to sneeze
Derived terms

Etymology 11

Pronunciation

Verb

sín

  1. (intransitive) to string or piece things together
    Synonym: sò
Derived terms

Etymology 12

Pronunciation

Verb

sín

  1. (intransitive) to crack a nut (to reach the inner seed or kernel)
Derived terms
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