Appendix:Spelling differences between Indonesian and Standard Malay (humanities)

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This is a list of Indonesian and Standard Malay spelling differences, that is, word pairs same in meaning but are different in appearance (spelling). Diacritics are shown for pronunciation clarity in this table (while they are not usually written). Translations may be approximated; see linked entries for details.

English Topics Indonesian Standard Malay Notes
5th month of the Hijri year Islam Jumadilawal Jamadilawal
6th month of the Hijri year Islam Jumadilakhir Jamadilakhir
19th letter name of the Arabic script Arabic gain ghain
academic education akadémis, akadémik akadémik
accord (agreement, harmony) business mufakat muafakat
accord (harmony of sounds) music akor kord [kod]
accordion music akordèon akordion
account business akun akaun
accountability business akuntabilitas akauntabiliti
accountant accounting akuntan akauntan
acrobatic art akrobatis akrobatik
actress drama aktris aktrés
administration administration pênadbiran pentadbiran
altruistic sociology altruistis altruistik
amateur sport amatir amatur
ambiguity literature ambiguitas ambiguiti
analects literature analékta analek
answer education jawaban jawapan
Antarctica geography Antarktika Antartika The spelling change in Indonesian was proposed/accepted in January 2017 by Adi Budiwiyanto, previously spelled as Indonesian Antartika and hence had no difference with Standard Malay spelling.
Arabic shirt gamis kamis
archaic history arkais arkaik
archive history arsip arkib
Arctic geography Arktika Artik
aristocratic aristokratis aristokratik
arrest law arès arés
artifact archeology artêfak artifak
assembly (congregation) sociology majêlis majlis
asset business asèt asét
assignment education tugas, penugasan tugasan
attempted murder law percobaan pembunuhan percubaan membunuh
auction business lèlang lélong
autonomy otonomi autonomi
authoritarian politics otoritèr autoritarian
awkward sociology kikuk kékok
ayatollah Islam ayatullah ayatollah
ballerina dance balêrina balérina
ballet dance balèt balét
banjo (stringed musical instrument) music banjo, banyo banjo
bankrupt finance bangkrut bankrap
bean sprouts cuisine taogé taugé
Belgium geography Bèlgia Belgium
benefit faèdah faédah
big boat history jung jong
billiard sport biliar biliard
biscuit (cookie) cuisine biskuit biskut
blouse fashion blus blaus
Brahmin brahmana brahman
branch business cabang cawangan
bribe law rasywah* rasuah The Indonesian rasuah, a loanword from Standard Malay, means corruption.
Britain, Britannia geography Britania Britain
budget finance bujèt bajét
bureaucratic government birokratis birokratik
business business bisnis bisnes
but (conjunction) justru justeru
cabotage law kabotasê kabotaj
cake cuisine kéik kék
cake made from steamed flour and sugar cuisine kasui kaswi
call immediately stand up for prayer Islam ikamah kamat
Cambodia geography Kamboja Kemboja Indonesian Kêmboja is nonstandard.
Cameroon geography Kamerun Cameroon
campaign politics kampanyê kémpén
capital city (of an country) geography ibukota ibu kota
carnival karnaval karnival
case law kasus kés
cash finance uang tunai wang tunai
cashier business juru uang juruwang
celebrity sêlêbritas sélébriti
centralistic government sèntralistis séntralistik
chancellor government kansêlir canselor
charge law tuduhan pertuduhan
chauvinism politics sauvinismê cauvinisme
chauvinist politics sauvinis cauvinis
China geography Cina China, Cina Indonesian official government dropped the usage of Cina and have restored the usage of Tiongkok (China) instead.
Chile geography Chili Chile
chips cuisine kêripik kerépék
chocolate cuisine cokêlat coklat
choir music kor koir [kuayer]
chord music akor kord
Christianity, Christian Christianity Kristên Kristian
Christmas Island geography Pulau Christmas Pulau Krismas
cigar business cêrutu cerut
cigarette container business sêlêpa celepa
cigarettes with enau leaves as the wrapper business kawung kaung
circumcision Islam khitan khatan
circus (show) art sirkus sarkas
citizen government warga negara warganegara
civil law sipil sivil
clause law klausul klausa However, grammatic clause is translated as klausa in Indonesian.
clause law pasal fasal
client psychology klién klien However, client with computing sense is kliên in Indonesian.
club (association of members) sociology klub kelab
code law qanun kanun
cognac cuisine konyak cognac
collage art kolasê kolaj
colleague sociology rêkan rakan
collectivism politics kolèktivismê koléktivisme
college education kolésê koléj The form of kolegium is attested in Indonesian.
column (newspaper; recurring feature in a periodical) communication kolom kolum
Colombia geography Kolombia Colombia
come on (interjection) ayo ayuh
commemoration of someone's death annually haul hol
comment language komèntar komén The form of komèn is attested in colloquial Indonesian.
commission (fee charged) finance komisi, kamsèn komisén The prefered form in Indonesian is komisi.
committee business komité komiti
commodity economics komoditas komoditi
community sociology komunitas komuniti
Comoros geography Komoro Comoros
company business sêrikat syarikat
company social sêrikat syarikat
competent, capable education cakap cekap
comrade history kamêrad komrad
concentration konsèntrasi konséntrasi
concert music konsèr konsert [konset]
Congo geography Kongo Congo
concordance linguistics konkordansi konkordans
concrete (real, actual, tangible) philosophy konkrèt konkrit
consortium business konsorsium konsortium
contemporary history kontèmporèr kontémporari
contingent business kontingèn kontinjen
controversy philosophy kontrovèrsi kontroversi
convention (international treaty) law konvènsi konvénsyen
convention (meeting) business konvènsi konvénsyen
cookie (biscuit) cuisine biskuit biskut
cooperation business kêrja sama kerjasama
cooperative business koopêratif koperatif
corporal (physical, bodily) philosophy lahir zahir
corsage art korsasê, korsasé korsaj
cosmetic fashion kosmètik kosmétik
Costa Rica geography Kosta Rika Costa Rica
counselling psychology konsêling kaunseling
counselor psychology konsêlor kaunselor
counter business kontêr kaunter
cracker cuisine kêrupuk keropok
credit card business kartu krèdit kad krédit
crime law jinayah jenayah
criminality law kriminalitas kriminaliti
Croatia geography Kroasia Croatia
Cuba geography Kuba Cuba
culinary cuisine kulinèr kulinari
currency economics mata uang mata wang
custard cuisine kustar kastard [kastad]
Cyprus geography Siprus Cyprus
Czech geography Céko Czech
debt business utang hutang
decree law dêkrét dékri
degree dêrajat darjah
delicious, tasty cuisine lêzat lazat
demagogic politics démagogis démagog
democratic politics démokratis démokratik However, democratic within proper noun is translated into démokratik in Indonesian.
demographic geography démografis demografik
deposit finance déposito déposit
dialect linguistics logat loghat
diamond history alamas almas
dignity, pride anthropology muruah maruah The alternative spelling in Indonesia included marwah and meruah.
discount business diskon diskaun
dishonest philosophy kongkalikong kongkalikung
dividend finance dividén dividen
dramatic drama dramatis dramatik
earring art giwang géwang
economic economics ékonomis ékonomik
Ecuador geography Ékuador Ecuador
egoistic psychology égoistis égoistik
Eid al-Adha Islam Iduladha Aidiladha
Eid al-Fitr Islam Idulfitri Aidilfitri
elite sociology èlité élit
empire government impérium émpayar
empirical philosophy èmpiris émpirik
England, English, United Kingdom geography Inggris Inggeris
ensemble music ènsambêl ensembel
entity èntitas éntiti
episode drama èpisodê épisod
essay education èsai éséi
eternal Islam baka baqa
ethnic sociology ètnis étnik
Europe geography Éropa Eropah
exercise sport sênam senaman
explanation education uraian huraian
export economics èkspor eksport [ékspot]
facet art fasèt fasét
facility business fasilitas fasiliti
faculty education fakultas fakulti
fall in love psychology kasmaran kesmaran
father sociology bapak bapa
feudal politics féodal féudal
feudalism politics féodalismê féudalisme
fiction literature fiksi fiksyen
figure drama sosok susuk
film film filem
finance finance kêuangan kewangan
Finland geography Finlandia Finland
flower literature kusuma kesuma
France geography Prancis Perancis The Indonesian spelling change since October 2021, previous official spelling was Pêrancis and still widely used.
fried noodles cuisine miê gorèng mi goréng
futuristic history futuristis, futuristik futuristik
garuda literature garuda geroda
genocide politics génosida génosid
gentle psychology gêmulai gemalai
geographic geography géografis géografik
geosphere geography géosfèr géosféra
glossary linguistics glosarium glosari
government; head of state history cakrawati cakerawati
governor government gubêrnur gabenor
grammar linguistics tata bahasa tatabahasa
harmonic, harmonious sociology harmonis harmonik The mathematics and physics senses is harmonik in Indonesian.
heaven Islam janah jannah
heaven religion surga syurga
hectare geography hèktarê héktar
high-pitched Javanese gamelan musical instrument music kênong kenung
housecoat fashion hoskut hauskot
Hungary geography Hungaria Hungary
hung parliament politics parlêmèn gantung parlimen tergantung
hyperbole linguistics hipêrbol hiperbola
ice cream cuisine ès krim aiskrim
Iceland geography Islandia Iceland
idea idé idéa
idealistic idéalistis idéalistik
identity idèntitas idéntiti
image (mental picture) psychology imaji iméj
imagination imajinasi imaginasi
imaginative imajinatif imaginatif
immigration geography imigrasi imigrésén
import economics impor import [impot]
indemnity finance indemnitas indemniti
influencer marketing pêmêngaruh pempengaruh
installment finance angsuran ansuran
insurance finance asuransi insurans
international geography antarbangsa antarabangsa
intolerance intolèransi intolerans
iqama Islam ikamah iqamat
Iraq geography Irak Iraq
Ireland geography Irlandia Ireland
Isha isya isyak
Islamic jurists Islam fukaha fuqaha
istighfar istigfar istighfar
istinja istinja istinjak
Italy geography Italia Itali
Jamaica geography Jamaika Jamaica
Japan geography Jêpang Jepun
Jordan geography Yordania Jordan
journey of the Prophet Muhammad pbuh at night Islam Isra Israk
Kaaba Islam Ka'bah Kaabah
ketchup cuisine saus tomat sos tomato
king history batara betara
king history indra indera
knight history kêsatria kesateria
kuih (Southeast Asian bite-sized snack or dessert) cuisine kué kuih
kulintang music kolintang kulintang
laundry business pênatu benatu
Lebanon geography Lèbanon Lubnan
ledger lègêr léjar
liability (obligation, debt) finance liabilitas liabiliti
licence business lisènsi lésén
linen fashion linên linén
literature (body of all written works, written fiction of a high standard) literature sastra sastera
literature (written fiction of a high standard) literature susastra susastera
literature (body of all written works) literature kêsusastraan kesusasteraan
Lithuania geography Lituania Lithuania
Luxembourg geography Luksêmburg Luxembourg
local geography setempat tempatan
Macau geography Makau Macau
Madagascar geography Madagaskar Madagascar
maghrib Islam magrib maghrib
magistrate law magistrat majistrét
major (quantity) business mayor major
major music mayor major
majority mayoritas majoriti
Maldives geography Maladèwa Maldives
manuscript literature naskah naskhah
margarine cuisine margarin marjerin
marriage sociology kawin kahwin
meaning language arti erti
melodic music mèlodis melodik
method philosophy kaidah kaédah
Mexico geography Mèksiko Mexico
minority minoritas minoriti
modern modèrn moden
Monaco geography Monako Monaco
money economics uang wang
moon literature candra cendera
mother sociology bunda bonda
mosaic art mosaik mozék
Mozambique geography Mozambik Mozambique
music music musik muzik
music video art video musik video muzik
museum muséum muzium
native sociology bumiputra bumiputera
native sociology pribumi peribumi
news communication kabar khabar
newspaper communication surat kabar surat khabar
nephew, niece sociology kêmênakan kemanakan
noble title of Makassar sociology karaèng keraéng
North Macedonia geography Makedonia Utara Macedonia Utara
Northern Cyprus geography Siprus Utara Cyprus Utara
Northern Ireland geography Irlandia Utara Ireland Utara
Norway geography Norwegia Norway
oblation, sacrificial offering; sacrifice religion kurban korban
office (administrative department) government jawatan jabatan
official (approved, authorized) government rêsmi rasmi
official (office holder) government jabatan jawatan
often language acapkali acap kali
only language saja sahaja
option (choice) philosophy opsi opsyen
option finance opsi opsyen
order (religious brotherhood) religion tarèkat tarékat, tarikat
pagan Islam kafarat kifarat
pajama fashion piama pijama
Palestine geography Paléstina Palestin
Paraguay geography Paraguai Paraguay
parliament government parlêmèn parlimén
party politics partai parti
passport government paspor pasport [paspot]
personal sociology pribadi peribadi
personality sociology pêrsonalitas personaliti
phonemic linguistics fonémis fonémik
physical geography geography géografi fisik géografi fizikal
Poland geography Polandia Poland
police government polisi polis
policy business polis polisi
potato chips cuisine keripik kentang kerepek kentang
practical philosophy praktis praktikal
prayer or praise song Islam zikir dikir
premium (insurance) business iuran yuran
premium (insurance) business prémi prémium
president government prèsidèn présiden
prisoner law bênduan banduan
procedure business tata cara tatacara
productivity business produktivitas produktiviti
profession business profèsi profésion
project business proyèk projék
pronunciation linguistics pênyêbutan sebutan
psychological psychology psikologis psikologikal
psychologist psychology psikolog psikologis
publicity communication publisitas publisiti
punishment (divine) religion siksa séksa
question (of exam) education soal soalan
quiz education kuis kuiz
rationale, reasoning philosophy rasio rasional
realistic philosophy rèalistis réalistik
reality philosophy rèalitas réaliti
rebate business rabat rebat
recipe (instructions of food dishes) cuisine rêsèp resipi
receipt (written acknowledgement) business rêsi, rêsu resit
regime (government in power, regulated (governmental) system) government rèzim réjim
righteousness philosophy istikamah istiqamah
rhetoric (art of using language; meaningless language) linguistics rétorika rétorik
rhetorical linguistics rétoris, rétorik rétorik
rojak cuisine rujak rojak
Romania geography Rumania Romania
salaam alaikum (Muslim greeting) Islam asalamualaikum assalamualaikum
salty (taste) cuisine asin masin
sauce cuisine saus sos
sausage cuisine sosis soséj
scale music skala skel
scenario drama skénario sénario
scholarship (grant-in-aid) education béasiswa biasiswa
Scotland geography Skotlandia Scotland
secular (not specifically religious) sèkulèr sékular
security financial sêkuritas sékuriti
sermon religion khotbah khutbah
sinful Islam fasik fasiq
Slovakia geography Slowakia Slovakia
slang (unconventional language) linguistics slang slanga
solidarity sociology solidaritas solidariti
souvenir cêndêra mata cenderamata
soy sauce cuisine kècap kicap
Spain, Spanish geography Spanyol Sepanyol
spoils of war ganimah ghanimah
stamp (stamping) business cap cop
stamp (paper for prepay postage or other dues) business mêtêrai meterai
statement (declaration or remark) communication pêrnyataan kenyataan
statute law statuta statut
steak (meat) cuisine stéik stik
stomp hard ênyak henyak
stone of wisdom guliga geliga
strange garib gharib
suspect law suspèk suspék
Sweden geography Swedia Sweden
syllabic linguistics silabis silabik
Syria geography Suriah Syria
syrup cuisine sirop sirap
system philosophy sistém sistem
systematic philosophy sistématis, sistématik sistematik
tart cuisine tar tart [tat]
thematic tèmatis tematik
theocratic government téokratis téokratik
theoretical philosophy téorétis téorétikal
ticket business tikèt tikét
tickle gêlitik geléték The Indonesian nonstandard spellings include gêlètèk and gêliting.
tight-lipped bungkas bongkas
tofu cuisine tahu tauhu
tomato cuisine tomat tomato
Tomb Sweeping Day religion cèngbèng cémbéng
tragic tragis tragik
treacherous durhaka derhaka
treasurer business bendahara, bendahari bendahara, bendahari Both standard listed both forms. The bendahara/bendahari distinction lie on the scale on Standard Malay (state treasurer will use -a form, small organisation use -i form) and sex on Indonesian (male treasurer use -a form, female treasurer use -i form).
Trinity Christianity trinitas triniti
twitching komat-kamit kumat-kamit
ugly jêlèk jelik
ugly odoh hodoh
Ukraine geography Ukraina Ukraine
unseen gaib ghaib
United States of America geography Amèrika Sêrikat Amerika Syarikat
university education univêrsitas universiti
Uruguay geography Uruguai Uruguay
use faèdah faédah
version vèrsi versi
Vesak Buddhism Waisak Wesak
victory galib ghalib
voluntary sociology volunter voluntari
volunteering sociology kesukarelaan kesukarelawanan
voucher business voucêr baucar
wealth literature gana ghana
wedding ring literature acaram caram
wet rendang cuisine kalio kulio
wife sociology istri isteri
winding sheet, burial shroud religion kafan kapan
wool fashion wol wul
yarmulke religion yarmulke yarmulka
youngest sibling sociology bungsu bongsu
youtiao cuisine cakwe cakoi
zither music sitêr ziter
zone geography zona zon