This is a Swadesh list of words in Muong English .
This list is for the Mường Bi lect only, which is one of the few Muong lects that has adequate attestation and should not be taken as being accurate for all Muong lects.
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
No.
English
Muong (Bi)
1
I
ho ( plain ) , tho ( literary, poetic )
2
you (singular)
da
3
he , she , it
nả
4
we
tàn ha ( plain, inclusive ) , qua ( exclusive ) , tàn miềnh ( friendly, inclusive )
5
you (plural)
pay tàn pay
6
they
tàn lũ tàn nả
7
this
nì
8
that
đỉ đĩ
9
here
ni
10
there
ớ đỉ
11
who
ngay ay
12
what
chi
13
where
no
14
when
khây cã nò
15
how
16
not
chăng
17
all
hết hết tháy
18
many
từ nhều
19
some
20
few
ói ét
21
other
khác
22
one
môch
23
two
hal
24
three
pa
25
four
pổn
26
five
đăm
27
big
cá
28
long
dài
29
wide
hỗng
30
thick
tày
31
heavy
nẵng
32
small
nhó
33
short
pẳn
34
narrow
tẻn
35
thin
hel
36
woman
cải tàn pà
37
man (adult male)
tửa ông tửa
38
man (human being)
mõl
39
child
con
40
wife
bỡ
41
husband
ông
42
mother
mễ
43
father
pổ
44
animal
mong
45
fish
cả
46
bird
chim
47
dog
chỏ
48
louse
khễnh chỉ
49
snake
thảnh
50
worm
khun the
51
tree
câl
52
forest
rầng hầng
53
stick
cẫy
54
fruit
tlải
55
seed
hôt
56
leaf
lả
57
root
58
bark (of a tree)
ta
59
flower
pông
60
grass
có
61
rope
chac
62
skin
ta põ
63
meat
nhúc
64
blood
mảu
65
bone
xiêng
66
fat (noun)
mỡ
67
egg
tlởng
68
horn
khầng
69
tail
tuôi
70
feather
lông mao
71
hair
lông thắc
72
head
tlốc
73
ear
thai
74
eye
măt
75
nose
mũi
76
mouth
mồm
77
tooth
thăng
78
tongue (organ)
lãi
79
fingernail
mỏng
80
foot
pàn chân
81
leg
chân
82
knee
83
hand
pàn thay
84
wing
kẻnh
85
belly
tlỗng
86
guts
roch
87
neck
kel
88
back
lâng
89
breast
pủ
90
heart
nỏ
91
liver
lòm
92
to drink
ỏng
93
to eat
ăn
94
to bite
cảnh
95
to suck
búch hót ủ (breast)
96
to spit
khac
97
to vomit
bá
98
to blow
hủl
99
to breathe
thớ
100
to laugh
cười
101
to see
đố
102
to hear
măng
103
to know
mắt hay
104
to think
ngẳm
105
to smell
hít
106
to fear
đưới
107
to sleep
táy
108
to live
khổng
109
to die
chít
110
to kill
pó
111
to fight
tảnh
112
to hunt
toc
113
to hit
tảnh
114
to cut
cách
115
to split
ché
116
to stab
tâm
117
to scratch
cào
118
to dig
tào
119
to swim
pơi
120
to fly
păl
121
to walk
ti
122
to come
tiểnh
123
to lie (as in a bed)
nằm
124
to sit
ngồi
125
to stand
chõng
126
to turn (intransitive)
quay
127
to fall
pố rũng
128
to give
cho
129
to hold
cầm nẳm
130
to squeeze
wãnh
131
to rub
132
to wash
chắt thứa
133
to wipe
chùi
134
to pull
kẻo
135
to push
tấy
136
to throw
137
to tie
tlỏi puôc
138
to sew
băl
139
to count
tỉnh
140
to say
pỗ
141
to sing
hát
142
to play
dỗng
143
to float
nối
144
to flow
cháy
145
to freeze
146
to swell
khâng
147
sun
măt tlời
148
moon
tlăng măt tlăng
149
star
khao
150
water
đác
151
rain
mưa
152
river
không
153
lake
hồ
154
sea
pế
155
salt
bỏi
156
stone
khũ
157
sand
caích
158
dust
pũl
159
earth
tất
160
cloud
mầl
161
fog
khùng đác khùng
162
sky
tlời
163
wind
xỏ
164
snow
165
ice
chỉa ( hailstone )
166
smoke
khỏi
167
fire
cúi
168
ash
bunh
169
to burn
tốch
170
road
khả
171
mountain
khũ tồl
172
red
tó
173
green
xenh
174
yellow
wàng
175
white
tlẳng
176
black
dầm
177
night
têm
178
day
ngày
179
year
năm
180
warm
ẩm
181
cold
lẽnh
182
full
tầy
183
new
mởi
184
old
cũ (object) , khà (living being)
185
good
thốch hay (act)
186
bad
xẩu
187
rotten
thổl
188
dirty
189
straight
thắng
190
round
quìl
191
sharp (as a knife)
khắc
192
dull (as a knife)
mònh
193
smooth
tlờnh
194
wet
dõ
195
dry
khô
196
correct
đủng
197
near
khênh
198
far
xa
199
right
tăm
200
left
chiêu
201
at
ớ
202
in
tlong
203
with
pỡi
204
and
pỡi
205
if
nểu
206
because
207
name
thên
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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