so
Translingual
Symbol
so
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English so, swo, zuo, swa, swe, from Old English swā, swǣ, swē (“so, as, the same, such, that”), from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē (“so”), from Proto-Indo-European *swē, *swō (reflexive pronomial stem). Cognate with Scots sae (“so”), West Frisian sa (“so”), Low German so (“so”), Dutch zo (“so”), German so (“so”), Danish så (“so”), Norwegian Nynorsk so, Swedish så ("so, such that"), Old Latin suad (“so”), Albanian sa (“how much, so, as”), Ancient Greek ὡς (hōs, “as”), Urdu سو (sō, “hence”).
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "UK" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. enPR: sō, IPA(key): /səʊ/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "US" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /soʊ/
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -əʊ
- Homophones: seau, sew, soe, soh, soy (some non-standard dialects); sow (sense 2)
Conjunction
so
- Reduced form of 'so that', used to express purpose; in order that.
- I got an earlier train to work so I'd have plenty of time to prepare for the meeting.
- Eat your broccoli so you can have dessert.
- With the result that; for that reason; therefore.
- 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
- Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’ […].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.
- I was hungry so I asked if there was any more food.
- He ate too much cake, so he fell ill.
- He wanted a book, so he went to the library.
- “I need to go to the bathroom.” ― “So go!”
- Used to connect previous conversation or events to the following question.
- So how does this story end?
- Used to introduce a rhetorical question.
- “We'd like to visit but I don't know if we can afford a hotel.” — “So who's staying in a hotel? Stay with us.”
- (archaic) Provided that; on condition that, as long as.
- c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
- Speed. ‘Item: She doth talk in her sleep.’
Launce. It’s no matter for that, so she sleep not in her talk.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 18, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
- As we cal money not onely that which is true and good, but also the false; so it be currant.
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "url" is not used by this template.
- 1743, Robert Drury, The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar, London, p. 111,[2]
- I went away very well satisfy’d, not caring where I was sent, so it was but out of his Sight; for he now became more my Aversion than ever.
Usage notes
Chiefly in North American use, a comma or pause is often used before the conjunction when used in the sense with the result that. (A similar meaning can often be achieved by using a semicolon or colon (without the so), as for example: He drank the poison; he died.)
Synonyms
Translations
|
|
Adverb
so (not comparable)
- To the (explicitly stated) extent that.
- It was so hot outside that all the plants died.
- He was so good, they hired him on the spot.
- 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
- Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’ […].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.
- 2013 July 20, “Old soldiers?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
- Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine. The machine gun is so much more lethal than the bow and arrow that comparisons are meaningless.
- (informal) To the (implied) extent.
- I need a piece of cloth so long. [= this long]
- There are only so many hours in a day.
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
- We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.
- (informal) Very (positive clause).
- I feel so much better now.
- I so nearly lost my temper.
- 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
- Captain Edward Carlisle […] felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, […]; he could not tell what this prisoner might do. He cursed the fate which had assigned such a duty, cursed especially that fate which forced a gallant soldier to meet so superb a woman as this under handicap so hard.
- (informal) Very (negative clause).
- It’s not so bad. [i.e. it's acceptable]
- (slang, chiefly US) Very much.
- But I so want to see the Queen when she visits our town!
- That is so not true!
- 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:
- Molly the dairymaid came a little way from the rickyard, and said she would pluck the pigeon that very night after work. She was always ready to do anything for us boys; and we could never quite make out why they scolded her so for an idle hussy indoors. It seemed so unjust.
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter 3 is not used by this template.
- In a particular manner.
- Place the napkin on the table just so. If that's what you mean, then say so; (or do so).
- 1963, Mike Hawker, Ivor Raymonde (music and lyrics), Dusty Springfield (vocalist), I Only Want to Be with You (single),
- Don′t know what it is that makes me love you so, / I only know I never want to let you go.
- In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned; also.
- Just as you have the right to your free speech, so I have the right to mine. Many people say she's the world's greatest athlete, but I don't think so. "I can count backwards from one hundred." "So can I."
- ‘There're another two.’ ‘So there are.’
- 1883, Howard Pyle, The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood Chapter V
- "Good morrow to thee, jolly fellow," quoth Robin, "thou seemest happy this merry morn." ¶ "Ay, that am I," quoth the jolly Butcher, "and why should I not be so? Am I not hale in wind and limb? Have I not the bonniest lass in all Nottinghamshire? And lastly, am I not to be married to her on Thursday next in sweet Locksley Town?"
- 2012 May 19, Paul Fletcher, “Blackpool 1-2 West Ham”, in BBC Sport:
- It was a goal that meant West Ham won on their first appearance at Wembley in 31 years, in doing so becoming the first team since Leicester in 1996 to bounce straight back to the Premier League through the play-offs.
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter 2 is not used by this template.
- (with as): To such an extent or degree; as.
- so far as; so long as; so much as
Usage notes
- Use of so in the sense to the implied extent is discouraged in formal writing; spoken intonation which might render the usage clearer is not usually apparent to the reader, who might reasonably expect the extent to be made explicit. For example, the reader may expect He is so good to be followed by an explanation or consequence of how good he is. Devices such as use of underscoring and the exclamation mark may be used as a means of clarifying that the implicit usage is intended; capitalising SO is also used. The derivative subsenses very and very much are similarly more apparent with spoken exaggerated intonation.
- The difference between so and very in implied-extent usage is that very is more descriptive or matter-of-fact, while so indicates more emotional involvement. For example, she is very clever is a simple statement of opinion; she is so clever suggests admiration. Likewise, that is very typical is a simple statement; that is SO typical of him! is an indictment. A formal (and reserved) apology may be expressed I am very sorry, but after elbowing someone in the nose during a basketball game, a man might say, Dude, I am so sorry! in order to ensure that it's understood as an accident.[1]
Synonyms
- (very): really, truly, that, very
- (to a particular extent): that, this, yea
- (in a particular manner): like this, thus
- (slang: very much): really, truly, very much
Derived terms
Translations
|
|
|
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
|
References
- ^ Mark Liberman, "Ask Language Log: So feminine?", 2012 March 26
Adjective
so (comparative more so, superlative most so)
- true, accurate
- That is so.
- You are responsible for this, is that not so?
- 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
- “My Continental prominence is improving,” I commented dryly. ¶ Von Lindowe cut at a furze bush with his silver-mounted rattan. ¶ “Quite so,” he said as dryly, his hand at his mustache. “I may say if your intentions were known your life would not be worth a curse.”
- In that state or manner; with that attribute. A proadjective that replaces the aforementioned adjective phrase.
- 1823, Andrew Reed, Martha
- If this separation was painful to all parties, it was most so to Martha.
- 1872, Charles Dickens, J., The Personal History of David Copperfield
- But if I had been more fit to be married, I might have made you more so too.
- 1947, Liberty Hyde Bailey, The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture:
- It must be understood that while the nelumbiums are hardy, they are so only as long as the tubers are out of the reach of frost.
- 1823, Andrew Reed, Martha
- (dated, UK, slang) Homosexual.
- Is he so?
Synonyms
- (true): correct, right, true
- (euphemistic: homosexual): musical, one of the family, one of them, that way inclined
Derived terms
Translations
|
Interjection
so
- Used after a pause for thought to introduce a new topic, question or story, or a new thought or question in continuation of an existing topic.
- Synonyms: look, well, see, hey
- So, let's go home.
- So, what'll you have?
- So, there was this squirrel stuck in the chimney...
- So, everyone wants to know – did you win the contest or not?
- 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 11, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
- So, after a spell, he decided to make the best of it and shoved us into the front parlor. 'Twas a dismal sort of place, with hair wreaths, and wax fruit, and tin lambrekins, and land knows what all.
- Used as a question to ask for further explanation of something said, often rhetorically or in a dismissive or impolite manner.
- "You park your car in front of my house every morning." — "So?"
- Used as a meaningless filler word to begin a response to a question.
- What are you doing? / So I'm just fixing this shelf.
- What time does the train leave? / So it leaves at 10 o'clock.
- (archaic) Be as you are; stand still; used especially to cows; also used by sailors.
Usage notes
Though certain uses of "sentence-initial so" had been common for a long time, the perceived excessive use of the word at the start of sentences, such as at the start of answers to questions, became controversial in the 2010s, being described as "annoying".[1][2]
Translations
|
Etymology 2
Pronoun
so
- Abbreviation of someone.
Synonyms
- sb (“somebody”)
Etymology 3
Shortened from sol, to make it an open syllable for uniformity with the rest of the scale.
Noun
so (plural sos)
- (music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the fifth note of a major scale.
Translations
Etymology 4
Borrowed from Japanese 蘇 (so).
Noun
so (uncountable)
- (foods) A type of dairy product, made especially in Japan between the seventh and 10th centuries, by reducing milk by boiling it.
See also
- So (dairy product) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Another photo of so at Wikicommons
Further reading
- “so”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “so”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
References
Anagrams
Afrikaans
Alternative forms
- soe (Western Cape)
Etymology
From Dutch zo, from Middle Dutch sô, from Old Dutch sō, from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from a merger of Proto-Germanic *swa and *swē.
Pronunciation
Adverb
so
Derived terms
Aiwoo
Verb
so
- To stand (to be in a standing position).
References
- Lua error in Module:quote at line 896: |date= should contain a full date (year, month, day of month); use |year= for year. Cited in: "Äiwoo" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Asturian
Etymology 1
Preposition
so
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Latin suus (“his, her, its”).
Adjective
so m sg (feminine singular so, neuter singular so, masculine plural sos, feminine plural sos)
Pronoun
so
Related terms
Etymology 3
Alternative forms
Verb
Bambara
Etymology 1
Noun
so (tone sǒ)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Noun
so
Derived terms
Basque
Noun
so
Brokskat
Pronoun
so
Catalan
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Catalan so~son, from Latin sonus. Compare Occitan son, French son, Spanish sueno.
Noun
so m (plural sons)
Related terms
Etymology 2
Verb
so
References
- “so” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “so”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “so” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “so” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Chinese
Etymology
From clipping of English jetso, from Cantonese 著數/著数 (zoek6 sou3).
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sou4
- Yale: sòuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: sou4
- Guangdong Romanization: sou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sou̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
so
Corsican
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin sum, from Latin suum, from Proto-Italic *sowos, from Proto-Indo-European *sewos. Cognates include Italian suo and French son.
Pronunciation
Determiner
so
Usage notes
- so is preceded by a definite article (u, a, i, e or l'):
- U so libru. ― His book.
- Unlike its French or Italian cognates, so does not decline, either by gender or number:
- U so libru, i so libri. ― His book, his books.
References
- “so” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa
Czech
Pronunciation
Noun
so
- Abbreviation of sobota (“Saturday”).
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse sýr, from Proto-Germanic *sūz, from Proto-Indo-European *sū-.
Noun
so c (singular definite soen, plural indefinite søer)
- sow (female pig)
- (derogatory) slut
Declension
References
- “so” in Den Danske Ordbog
Elfdalian
Etymology
From Old Norse svá, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē. Cognate with Swedish så.
Adverb
so
- so, like that, in that manner
- so, to such a degree
Esperanto
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Noun
so (accusative singular so-on, plural so-oj, accusative plural so-ojn)
- The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
See also
- (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norse svá, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē (“so”), from Proto-Indo-European *swē, *swō (reflexive pronomial stem).
Pronunciation
Adverb
so (not comparable)
Finnish
Interjection
- Alternative form of soo
Folopa
Alternative forms
Noun
so
References
- Karl James Franklin, Pacific Linguistics (1973, →ISBN, page 130: Polopa so/sou woman, cf. DAR sou female animal but we woman.
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 15: Boro, Suri, Tebera sou, Sopese šo
- Carol Anderson, Beginning Folopa Language Lessons and Simple Glossary (2010) (as so)
Friulian
Etymology
Pronoun
so (third-person singular possessive of masculine singular, of feminine singular sô, of masculine plural siei, of feminine plural sôs)
- (used attributively) his, her, its; of his, hers, its
- (used predicatively) his, hers, its
- (used substantively) his, hers, its; the thing belonging to him, her,it
See also
Galician
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Galician-Portuguese so, su, sob, from Latin sub.
Pronunciation
Preposition
so
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “so”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “so”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
German
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē, compare with Old Dutch so and Dutch zo.
Pronunciation
Adverb
so
- so, such, that
- Die Leute sind so nett. ― People are so nice.
- Dieser Hammer ist nicht so gut. ― This hammer is not that good.
- Das ist so eine gute Idee! ― That is such a good idea!
- so und so ― such and such
- as (followed by an adjective or adverb plus wie in a statement of equality)
- Er rennt so schnell wie der Blitz. ― He runs as fast as lightning.
- thus, like this/that, in this/that way, in this/that manner
- Wenn du den Ball so wirfst, triffst du die Zielscheibe.
- If you throw the ball like this, you'll hit the target.
- then (in that case)
- Wirst du wieder gesund, so freue ich mich. ― If you get healthy again, then I'll be happy.
- (colloquial) expletive; sometimes intensifying, sometimes with no noticeable meaning
- Wir sind runtergegangen und haben uns hier so hingesetzt.
- We went downstairs and, like, sat down here.
Derived terms
Conjunction
so
- (coordinating) thus, so, pursuant to the aforementioned premises
- 2018, Gerhard Czermak, Eric Hilgendorf, Religions- und Weltanschauungsrecht. Eine Einführung, 2nd edition, Springer, , →ISBN, § 7 Individuelle Religions- und Weltanschauungsfreiheit Rn. 130, page 68:
- Im Einzelnen ist die Abgrenzung zwischen Bekenntnisfreiheit und Religionsausübungsfreiheit unsicher. So kann etwa die religiöse Kleidung auch der Religionsausübungsfreiheit zugeordnet werden.
- In detail the difference between freedom of confessing and freedom of practicing religion is insecure. Thus for instance, religious clothing can be assigned to the freedom of practicing religion as well.
- (subordinating, chiefly archaic, sometimes law and regional) an, if
Pronoun
so
- (obsolete, relative) that, which, who
- Derhalben sind die Christen schuldig, der Obrigkeit unterthan […] zu seyn in Allem, so ohne Sünde geschehen mag.(Augsburger Bekenntnis)
- That do the Christians owe: to be obedient to the authority […] in all that may be done without sin.
Synonyms
Interjection
- (colloquial) a discourse marker in the beginning of a sentence indicating a topic having been dealt with and another being tackled
- Synonyms: tamam, okay, in Ordnung, fein, gut
- 1887, Eduard Engel, Griechische Frühlingstage, 4th, purer edition, Radebeul bei Dresden: Haupt & Hammon, published 1927, page 361:
- So, das sind die Entscheidungen der größten Gelehrten über die doch nicht ganz unwichtige Frage, wie eine der Sprachen auszusprechen sei, in der jahraus jahrein in Deutschland gutgezählte 50 000 junge Menschenkinder unterrichtet werden.
Trotz jenen Entscheidungen ist natürlich noch lange nicht daran zu denken, daß dem Unfug einer als gänzlich falsch erkannten Aussprache des Griechischen ein Ende gesetzt wäre. Der Schlendrian wird auf diesem Gebiete des Schulwesens wohl ebenso lange dauern, wie auf vielen andern; denn bequem ist allerdings jener Schlendrian, nur wissenschaftlich ist er nicht, und unbrauchbar für das Leben ist er obendrein. Die Beseitigung des Schlendrians werde ich wohl nicht mehr erleben, auch dann nicht, wenn Plato selber aus der Asche auferstünde und die deutschen Schulmänner die richtige Aussprache lehrte. Sie würden ihm beweisen, daß er sich irre: er habe in den mehr als zwei Jahrtausenden seit seinem Tode gewiß die richtige Aussprache vergessen; sie aber, die deutschen Oberlehrer und Direktoren, kennten sie ganz genau: sie wäre buchstäblich so wie das Neuhochdeutsche des 20. Jahrhunderts gewesen.- So these are the reckonings of the greatest scholars about the not quite insignificant question how one of the languages which is taught to about 50 000 young lads per annum should be pronounced.
In spite of these reckonings by far it is not to think that this buffoonery of an utterly wrong pronunciation of Greek would come to an end. The litherness in this field of schooling will last as long as in many others; for convenient it is forsooth, but scientific it is not, and devoid of use for life ’tis on top. The elimination of this litherness I will not be an observer of in my lifetime, even if Plato himself were to rise from his ashes and teach the pedants the right pronunciation. They would shew him his being at fault: he surely has forgot the right pronunciation; but them, the senior and head teachers know it very well; it would be literally like the New High German of the 20th century.
- So these are the reckonings of the greatest scholars about the not quite insignificant question how one of the languages which is taught to about 50 000 young lads per annum should be pronounced.
Further reading
- “so” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “so”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Gothic
Romanization
sō
- Romanization of 𐍃𐍉
Indonesian
Adverb
so
- Alternative form of sok
Irish
Pronunciation
Determiner
so
- Munster form of seo (used after a word ending in a velarized ("broad") consonant)
- 1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 193:
- Ní raibh aoinne cloinne age n-a muinntir ach í agus do mhéaduigh sin uirrim agus grádh na ndaoine don inghean óg so.
- Her parents had no children but her, and that increased the esteem and love of the people for this young girl.
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “so”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "language" is not used by this template.
Italian
Alternative forms
- sò (misspelling)
Pronunciation
Verb
so
- first-person singular present indicative of sapere (“I know”)
References
- so in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Japanese
Romanization
so
Ladino
Verb
so (Latin spelling)
Luxembourgish
Verb
so
Mauritian Creole
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Pronoun
so
Etymology 2
Adjective
so
Antonyms
Middle Dutch
Etymology 1
From Old Dutch sō, from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa.
Pronunciation
Adverb
sô
- so, like that, in that manner
- so, to such a degree
- (so ... alse) as
- then, in that case
- so, therefore
Conjunction
sô
Descendants
Etymology 2
Weakened form of soe.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
sô
- (chiefly Flemish) Alternative form of si (“she”)
Further reading
- “so (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “so (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “so”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English swā, from Proto-West Germanic *swā.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Adverb
so
Descendants
References
- “sō, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2
Pronoun
so
- (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of sche
Northern Sami
Etymology
Pronunciation
Adverb
so
Further reading
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Norwegian so, svo, from Old Norse svá, from Proto-Indo-European *swa. Akin to English so.
Pronunciation
Adverb
so
- so
- Dei seier so.
- So they say.
- that
- Eg visste ikkje at dei skulle vera so mange.
- I didn't know that they were going to be that many.
- as
- So vidt eg veit.
- As far as I know.
- then
- Eg gjekk på kino. So gjekk eg heim.
- I went to the movies. Then I went home.
Conjunction
so
- so
- Eg barberte meg, so ho skulle synast eg var fin.
- I shaved so that she would think I looked nice.
References
- “so” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan so, from Latin ipsum.
Article
so (feminine sa, masculine plural sos, feminine plural sas)
- Alternative form of lo (rare)
Usage notes
- In the Provençal dialect, the masculine and feminine plural is sei.
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa.
Adverb
sō
- so, like that, in that manner
Descendants
Further reading
- “sō (I)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *so (“this”), from Proto-Indo-European *só.
Pronunciation
Determiner
so
- this (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)
- ind epistil so ― this epistle
Derived terms
Descendants
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa.
Adverb
sō
- so, like that, in that manner
Pali
Alternative forms
Pronoun
so
Adjective
so
- masculine nominative singular of ta (“that”)
Phalura
Etymology 1
From Sanskrit स ; सो (sa ; so, “nom.sg.masc pron. and pronom. adj. he, that”).
Pronunciation
Determiner
so (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سوۡ)
- the
- that (agr: rem nom masc)
References
- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “so”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[4], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “so”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Pronoun
so (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سوۡ)
- it
- he (rem masc nom)
References
- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “so”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[5], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Rawa
Noun
so
References
- Norma Toland, Donald Toland, Reference Grammar of the Karo/Rawa Language (1991)
Romagnol
Verb
so (Faenza)
- first-person singular present indicative of ësar (“to be”)
Romani
Pronoun
so
References
- ^ Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “so”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 262a
- ^ Marcel Courthiade (2009) “so? I”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 327a
Rwanda-Rundi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *có.
Noun
só class 1a (plural bāsó class 2a)
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *solь, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂ls.
Pronunciation
Noun
sȏ f (Cyrillic spelling со̑)
Declension
Slavomolisano
Etymology
From Serbo-Croatian so.
Pronunciation
Noun
so m
Declension
References
- Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale).
Slovak
Pronunciation
Preposition
so (+ instrumental)
Synonyms
Further reading
- “so”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene
Pronunciation
Verb
sȍ
Spanish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Latin sub, from Proto-Italic *supo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo.
Preposition
so
Usage notes
So is very rare in modern Spanish, surviving only in certain expressions, including so pena de (“on pain of, under penalty of”), so pretexto de or so color de (“under pretext of”), a so capa (“secretly, with bribery”).
Etymology 2
Contraction of señor (“Sir”).
Pronoun
so
Etymology 3
Interjection
so
- (US, Puerto Rico, El Salvador) so
Etymology 4
Interjection
so
- whoa!
Further reading
- “so”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish sō (Old Icelandic/Norwegian sýr), from Old East Norse *sōʀ, from Proto-Germanic *sūz, from Proto-Indo-European *sū-. Compare the identical ko (Old Icelandic/Norwegian kýr, Old Swedish kō).
Pronunciation
Noun
so c
Usage notes
- The more common synonym is sugga, especially for the plural form.
Declension
Declension of so | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | so | son | sor | sorna |
Genitive | sos | sons | sors | sornas |
Synonyms
Anagrams
Tok Pisin
Etymology 1
Noun
so
Etymology 2
Noun
so
Veps
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E..
Noun
so
Inflection
Derived terms
References
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “болото”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][6], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Verb
so
- (transitive) To compare.
- Synonym: so sánh
- So với bạn thì nó cao hơn. ― Compared to his friend, he is taller.
- (transitive) To pair up.
- so đũa ― to pair up chopsticks
- (intransitive) To straighten one's shoulders, as if to compare one's height to another's.
See also
Etymology 2
Adjective
so
- firstborn
- con so ― firstborn child
- chửa con so ― to be pregnant for the first time
- trứng gà so ― a chicken's first egg (usually a small egg)
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Noun
(classifier con) so
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template., mangrove horseshoe crab
Volapük
Adverb
so
Welsh
Pronunciation
Verb
so (not mutable)
- (South Wales) inflection of bod:
- second/third-person singular present negative colloquial
- first/second/third-person plural present negative colloquial
- So fe’n credu.
- He doesn’t think so.
Usage notes
Unlike other negative verb forms, this form—and sa, which is used for the first-person singular—is not complemented by ddim after the subject.
Xhosa
Pronoun
-so
- Combining stem of sona.
Zulu
Pronoun
-so
- Combining stem of sona.
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-1
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/əʊ
- Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English conjunctions
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with archaic senses
- English adverbs
- English uncomparable adverbs
- English informal terms
- English slang
- American English
- English adjectives
- English dated terms
- British English
- English interjections
- English pronouns
- English abbreviations
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Music
- English terms borrowed from Japanese
- English terms derived from Japanese
- English uncountable nouns
- English coordinating conjunctions
- English degree adverbs
- English demonstrative adverbs
- English discourse markers
- English intensifiers
- English pro-forms
- English two-letter words
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans adverbs
- Äiwoo lemmas
- Äiwoo verbs
- Asturian terms inherited from Latin
- Asturian terms derived from Latin
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian prepositions
- Asturian adjectives
- Asturian pronouns
- Bambara lemmas
- Bambara nouns
- bm:Mammals
- bm:Animals
- Basque lemmas
- Basque nouns
- Brokskat lemmas
- Brokskat pronouns
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan obsolete forms
- Cantonese terms borrowed from English
- Cantonese terms derived from English
- Cantonese terms borrowed back into Cantonese
- Chinese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms written in foreign scripts
- Chinese entries with language name categories using raw markup
- Hong Kong Cantonese
- Corsican terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Corsican terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Corsican terms inherited from Latin
- Corsican terms derived from Latin
- Corsican terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Corsican terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Corsican terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Corsican terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Corsican terms with IPA pronunciation
- Corsican lemmas
- Corsican determiners
- Corsican possessive determiners
- Corsican terms with usage examples
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech abbreviations
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Danish derogatory terms
- Elfdalian terms derived from Old Norse
- Elfdalian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Elfdalian lemmas
- Elfdalian adverbs
- Elfdalian demonstrative adverbs
- Esperanto terms with audio links
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto nouns
- eo:Latin letter names
- Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Faroese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Faroese/oː
- Faroese terms with homophones
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese adverbs
- Folopa lemmas
- Folopa nouns
- Friulian terms inherited from Latin
- Friulian terms derived from Latin
- Friulian lemmas
- Friulian pronouns
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician prepositions
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:German/oː
- Rhymes:German/oː/1 syllable
- German terms with audio links
- German lemmas
- German adverbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German colloquialisms
- German conjunctions
- German terms with quotations
- German terms with archaic senses
- de:Law
- Regional German
- German pronouns
- German relative pronouns
- German terms with obsolete senses
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian adverbs
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
- Irish determiners
- Munster Irish
- Irish terms with quotations
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian verb forms
- Italian terms with usage examples
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Ladino non-lemma forms
- Ladino verb forms
- Ladino verb forms in Latin script
- Luxembourgish non-lemma forms
- Luxembourgish verb forms
- Mauritian Creole terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mauritian Creole terms derived from French
- Mauritian Creole lemmas
- Mauritian Creole pronouns
- Mauritian Creole adjectives
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch adverbs
- Middle Dutch demonstrative adverbs
- Middle Dutch conjunctions
- Middle Dutch pronouns
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English adverbs
- Middle English pronouns
- Northern Middle English
- Northern Sami terms borrowed from Norwegian
- Northern Sami terms derived from Norwegian
- Northern Sami lemmas
- Northern Sami adverbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Middle Norwegian
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk adverbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Nynorsk conjunctions
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan articles
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch adverbs
- Old Dutch demonstrative adverbs
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish determiners
- Old Irish terms with usage examples
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon adverbs
- Old Saxon demonstrative adverbs
- Pali lemmas
- Pali pronouns
- Pali non-lemma forms
- Pali adjective forms
- Phalura terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Phalura terms derived from Sanskrit
- Phalura terms with IPA pronunciation
- Phalura lemmas
- Phalura determiners
- Phalura pronouns
- Rawa lemmas
- Rawa nouns
- Romagnol non-lemma forms
- Romagnol verb forms
- Faentino Romagnol
- Romani lemmas
- Romani pronouns
- Rwanda-Rundi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Rwanda-Rundi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Rwanda-Rundi lemmas
- Rwanda-Rundi nouns
- Rwanda-Rundi class 1a nouns
- rw:Family
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns
- Bosnian Serbo-Croatian
- Serbian Serbo-Croatian
- Slavomolisano terms inherited from Serbo-Croatian
- Slavomolisano terms derived from Serbo-Croatian
- Slavomolisano terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slavomolisano lemmas
- Slavomolisano nouns
- Slavomolisano masculine nouns
- Slovak 1-syllable words
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak prepositions
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene non-lemma forms
- Slovene verb forms
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish prepositions
- Spanish terms with archaic senses
- Spanish pronouns
- Spanish terms with usage examples
- Spanish terms borrowed from English
- Spanish terms derived from English
- Spanish interjections
- United States Spanish
- Puerto Rican Spanish
- Salvadorian Spanish
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms inherited from Old East Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old East Norse
- Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish terms with homophones
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish terms with rare senses
- Tok Pisin terms derived from English
- Tok Pisin lemmas
- Tok Pisin nouns
- Veps lemmas
- Veps nouns
- vep:Landforms
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese verbs
- Vietnamese transitive verbs
- Vietnamese terms with usage examples
- Vietnamese intransitive verbs
- Vietnamese adjectives
- Vietnamese nouns classified by con
- Vietnamese nouns
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük adverbs
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Welsh/oː
- Rhymes:Welsh/oː/1 syllable
- Welsh non-lemma forms
- Welsh verb forms
- Welsh non-mutable terms
- Welsh colloquial verb forms
- South Wales Welsh
- Welsh terms with usage examples
- Xhosa non-lemma forms
- Xhosa pronoun forms
- Zulu non-lemma forms
- Zulu pronoun forms