sa
Translingual
[edit]Symbol
[edit]sa
Abau
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa
References
[edit]- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66
Acehnese
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa Ordinal : phôn | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]sa
Ainu
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa (Kana spelling サ)
References
[edit]- John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)[3], Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co., page 385
- Vovin, Alexander V. (2016) “On the Linguistic Prehistory of Hokkaidō”, in Gruzdeva Ekaterina, Janhunen Juha, editors, Crosslinguistics and Linguistic Crossings in Northeast Asia. Papers on the Languages of Sakhalin and Adjacent Regions (Studia Orientalia; 117), Helsinki, pages 29–38
Albanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Albanian *si-a, a combination of two pronominal members, Proto-Indo-European *kʷih₂ and *h₂ew-/*h₂en-. Alternatively from Proto-Albanian *tšja[1] or, as per Meyer, from Greek σαν (san, “when, whenever”).[2]
Pronoun
[edit]sa
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Ama
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa
Atong (India)
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]sa (Bengali script সা)
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Bahnar
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bahnaric *caː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”); cognate with Halang cha, Koho saa, Semai ca, Pacoh cha, Khmer ស៊ី (sii) and Mon စ (ca).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa
- to eat
Balinese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]sa
- Romanization of ᬲ
Banjarese
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
[edit]Shortened form of asa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
[edit]sa
Derived terms
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Catalan sa~san, from Latin sānus, from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]sa (feminine sana, masculine plural sans, feminine plural sanes)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Article
[edit]sa f
- (Balearic) nominative feminine singular of es
References
[edit]- “sa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “sa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “sa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “sa” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Cebuano
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa. Compare Tagalog sa, Bikol Central sa, Hiligaynon sa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]sa
- marks the indirect object or recipient of the verb: to
- refers to the location of something or some action: in; at; on
- Naa sa lamisa. ― On the table.
- Sa Pilipinas ko gipanganak. ― I was born in the Philippines.
- refers to motion towards or away from a definite location:
- refers to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
- refers to accompaniment with a definite partner or object: with; together with; in company with
- used in comparisons: than
- refers to the cause of action: due to; because of
- refers to the definite tool or instrument used for doing: with, through, by
- refers to the basis of action: through, by, on the basis of
- Migawas ang estudyante sa pagsugot sa maestro. ― The student went out by the teacher's permission.
Usage notes
[edit]- Used in combination with other words to form more specific prepositional phrases:
- sa babaw (sa) ― on top (of)
- sa sulod (sa) ― within, inside (of)
- pinaagi sa ― by means of
- tungod sa ― due to, because of
- In senses where definiteness is encoded, sa is used in contrast with og, which refers to indefinite relations.
See also
[edit]Direct | Indirect | Oblique | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Definite | Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | |||
Common | Singular | ang | ing†, 'y | sa, sang† | og | sa |
Plural | ang mga | ing mga†, 'y mga |
sa mga, sang mga† |
og mga | sa mga | |
Personal | Singular | si | ni | kang* | ||
Plural | sila ni, silang sa† |
nila ni, nilang na† |
(kan)ila ni*, (kan)ilang* ka† | |||
†Archaic *Indirect personal forms used instead in colloquial speech. |
Etymology 2
[edit]From earlier sang, conflating with sa (“to, in, at”). Compare Hiligaynon sang, Waray-Waray han, Tagalog ng.
Article
[edit]sa
- definite indirect marker for nouns other than personal names
- Coordinate term: og — for indefinite nouns
- Mikaon sa isda ang iring.
- The cat ate the fish.
- Gikaon sa iring ang isda.
- The cat ate the fish.
- of, 's; marks possession
- luto sa inahan ― mother's cooking
- babaw sa lamisa ― on top of the table
Usage notes
[edit]- In marking possession, the usage of sa is contrasted with that of og in certain possessive relations, such as kinship terms:
- inahan sa hari ― mother of the king
- inahan og hari ― mother of a king
- But this distinction does not apply to all possessive phrases:
- mga dahon sa punuan ― (a/the) tree's leaves
- mga dahon og punuan ― is ungrammatical
- However, the contrast is mostly unused in everyday speech, with sa used in all possessive phrases.
Etymology 3
[edit]Compare Tagalog sina, Tausug hinda, Kinaray-a sanday.
Article
[edit]sa
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sà
Etymology 5
[edit]Elision of the "l" in sala (“strain”), from Proto-Philippine *sáraʔ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa
- (Cebu) shortened form of sala (“strain”)
Etymology 6
[edit]Elision of the "l" in sala (“fault, sin”), from Inherited from Proto-Philippine *salaq.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sâ
- (Cebu) shortened form of sala (“fault, sin”)
Chipewyan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Compare South Slavey sa
Noun
[edit]sa
Drung
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/p-wa.
Noun
[edit]sa
References
[edit]Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung[4], Santa Barbara: University of California
Duriankere
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa
Further reading
[edit]- Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics)
Duun
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa
Further reading
[edit]- Duungooma ABC (alphabet duun), page 26
Eastern Cham
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]sa
Estonian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- Sa (optional capitalization)
Etymology
[edit]Short form of sina
Pronoun
[edit]sa (genitive su, partitive sind, long form sina)
Declension
[edit]Declension of sa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
2nd person | singular | plural | ||
long | short | long | short | |
nominative | sina | sa | teie | te |
genitive | sinu | su | teie | te |
partitive | sind | teid | ||
illative | sinusse | susse | teisse | |
inessive | sinus | sus | teis | |
elative | sinust | sust | teist | |
allative | sinule | sulle | teile | |
adessive | sinul | sul | teil | |
ablative | sinult | sult | teilt | |
translative | sinuks | – | teieks | teiks |
terminative | sinuni | – | teieni | – |
essive | sinuna | – | teiena | – |
abessive | sinuta | – | teieta | – |
comitative | sinuga | suga | teiega | – |
See also
[edit]Estonian personal pronouns | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||||
long | short | long | short | ||
1st person | mina | ma | meie | me | |
2nd person | familiar | sina | sa | teie | te |
polite | Teie | Te | |||
3rd person | animate | tema | ta | nemad | nad |
inanimate | see | need |
Further reading
[edit]- “sa”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “sa”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
- sa in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]See sinä; developed through contraction.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]sa
Declension
[edit]Other forms than the nominative generally align with sä.
Synonyms
[edit]- sinä (standard Finnish; see it for full list)
Further reading
[edit]- “sa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][5] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
[edit]Franco-Provençal
[edit]Determiner
[edit]sa
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French sa, from Latin sua feminine form of suus.
Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]sa f sg
- (possessive) his, her, its, their, one's
- Emma est allée chez sa sœur.
- Emma went to her sister's house.
- Pierre a perdu sa carte d’identité.
- Pierre has lost his identity card.
- Sa voiture est blanche.
- Their car is white.
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “sa”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Futuna-Aniwa
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Polynesian *saqa.
Adjective
[edit]sa
Galician
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Either from Proto-Germanic *saliz (“house, hall”),[1] or from Proto-Germanic *sēaną (“to sow”).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa f (plural sas)
References
[edit]- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “sala”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
- ^ Piel, J. M. (1973), "Betrachtungen zu hisp.-got. *sala, gal.-pg. Sáa, Sá", in Studia Iberica. Festschrift für Hans Flache. München: Francke Verlag. page 463.
Garo
[edit]1 | 2 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik. Cognate with Tibetan གཅིག (gcig), Burmese တစ် (tac).
Numeral
[edit]sa
Gothic
[edit]Romanization
[edit]sa
- Romanization of 𐍃𐌰
Guaraní
[edit]Adjective
[edit]sa
Derived terms
[edit]Hadza
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa
- to rain
Noun
[edit]sa
- the form of sako or its inflections after a determiner
Haitian Creole
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa
- can, to be able to
Determiner
[edit]sa
- this
- these
- 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik[6]:
- Dapre Misey Guaido, 2 peyi sa yo ap defann sèlman enterè biznis yo ak Venezuela.
- According to Mr. Guaido, these two countries are only defending their business interests in Venezuela.
- that
- those
Pronoun
[edit]sa
- (demonstrative) this
- (demonstrative) these
- (demonstrative) that
- (demonstrative) those
- (interrogative) what
- (relative) what
Derived terms
[edit]Haroi
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
[edit]sa
Hausa
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Generally thought to be from Proto-Chadic (compare Proto-Central Chadic *ɬa, whence Mbuko slā, Uldeme slà, Bana slá, Muyang ɬà, Moloko ɬa, Zulgo-Gemzek sla, Podoko sla, Daba zlà, Lagwan nsla), but Newman dissents and considers it a possible borrowing.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sâ m (feminine sānìyā, plural shānū, possessed form sân)
Higaonon
[edit]Preposition
[edit]sa
Iban
[edit]Affix
[edit]sa
- short form for satu, often pronounced as se-.
- combine with a verb in nasal form e.g. se + kayoh (kayoh means "paddle") to form a noun sengayoh (a paddle).
- combine with a verb in nasal form and a prefix pe- e.g. sa + pe + san (san means "a load") to form a noun sapenyan (as much as one can carry) and sa + pe + temu (temu means "opinion") to form sapenemu (as much as one knows).
References
[edit]- Richards, Anthony. An Iban-English Dictionary, Volume 1 Clarendon Press. 1981.
Ido
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]sa
- (archaic) Alternative form of sua.
- 1909-1910, Progreso – duesma yaro, page 40:
- Segun sa opiniono la max (maxim) importanta neceso por I.L. esas la max granda perfekteso, e ne la amaso di adheranti, [...]
- According to his opionion the most important necessity for an I.L. is the perfection, and not the amount of adherents, [...]
- 1909-1910, Progreso – duesma yaro, page 40:
Igbo
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sá
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Clipping of saya.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]sa
Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”), from Proto-Celtic *in sindū/sindai (“in the m sg/f sg dative”), *in sindom/sindam (“into the m sg/f sg accusative”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Contraction
[edit]sa
- Contraction of i + an.
- Tá an fear sa bhád. ― The man is in the boat
- Tá na páistí ag súgradh sa tsráid. ― The children are playing in the street.
- Táimid inár suí sa seomra (or) tseomra. ― We are sitting in the room.
Usage notes
[edit]This contraction is obligatory, i.e. *i an never appears uncontracted. Used before consonant sounds only; otherwise, san is used. Triggers:
- lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p and changes initial s to ts in Ulster varieties,
- lenition of b, c, g, m, p, changes initial s to ts, and triggers eclipsis of f in Munster varieties,
- eclipsis and changes initial s to ts in feminine nouns while not affecting s in masculine nouns in Connacht varieties,
- in An Caighdeán Oifigiúil causes lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p and changes initial s to ts in feminine nouns (An Córas Lárnach) or all nouns (Córas an tSéimhithe).
Often understood to be a contraction of ins an, but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while ins is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.
Related terms
[edit]Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* |
de mo dem* |
de do ded*, det* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* |
do mo dom* |
do do dod*, dot* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* |
i do id*, it* |
ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* |
le do led*, let* |
lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* |
ó mo óm* |
ó do ód*, ót* |
óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
References
[edit]- Osborn Bergin (1916) “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, , →JSTOR, §67, page 17
- McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gramadach na Gaeilge: An Caighdeán Oifigiúil[7], Seirbhís Thithe an Oireachtais, 2017, pages 8–10, 15–18
Further reading
[edit]- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sa”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “sa”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “sa”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
Italian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- sà (misspelling)
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa
- third-person singular present indicative of sapere
- Giovanni sa dov'è Laura. ― Giovanni knows where Laura is.
References
[edit]- sa in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]sa
Jarai
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
[edit]sa
Kabyle
[edit]< 6 | 7 | 8 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa Arabic loanword : sebɛa | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Berber.
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]sa (feminine sat)
Kamakan
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- zan (Kamakan)
Noun
[edit]sa
- (Kotoxo) water
References
[edit]- Chestmir Loukotka, La família lingüística Kamakan del Brasil
- Márcio Silva Martins Andérbio, Revisão da família lingüística Kamakã proposta por Chestmir Loukotka (thesis, Université de Brasilia, 2007 page 52)
Lhao Vo
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-hjwəj-t (“water; liquid; body fluid”). Cognate with Lashi suid" and Burmese သွေး (swe:).
Noun
[edit]sa
References
[edit]- Dr. Ola Hanson, "A Dictionary of the Kachin Language" (1906).
Ligurian
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa
Livonian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]A shorter form of sinā.
Pronoun
[edit]sa
- you; second person pronoun, referring to the addressee
Declension
[edit]singular (ikšlug) | plural (pǟgiņlug) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīv) | sinā sa |
tēg teg |
genitive (genitīv) | sin | täd |
partitive (partitīv) | sīnda | tēḑi |
dative (datīv) | sinnõn sin |
täddõn tän |
instrumental (instrumentāl) | sinkõks | tädkõks |
illative (illatīv) | sinnõ sinnõz |
tēži |
inessive (inesīv) | sinsõ | tēši |
elative (elatīv) | sinstõ | tēšti |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Renāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013), Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra, Rīga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām, →ISBN
Louisiana Creole
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from French sera (“will be”) or similar (e.g., seras), an inflection of French être (“to be”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa
Related terms
[edit]Lower Sorbian
[edit]Preposition
[edit]sa
Macanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Reduced form of sua. Semantically derived from Cantonese 嘅 (ge3, possessive marker).
Alternative forms
[edit]Particle
[edit]sa
- particle appended after pronouns to denote ownership: -'s
- iou-sa filo ― my child
- êle-sa ― his; her; their (sg.)
- ilôtro-sa casa ― their (pl.) house
- uví mai-sa ladínha ― to listen to mother's scolding
Usage notes
[edit]- According to native speakers, sa is more commonly used than sua.
- The particle is not inflected for gender.
- Almost always spelt connected using a hyphen in the vast majority of writings, but not mandatory.
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Macanese personal pronouns (edit) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | Singular | Possessive | Plural | Possessive | Reflexive | Possessive |
First | iou, io, mi*, ieu* | iou-sa, iou-sua#, minha, io-sa, io-sua# | nôs, nosôtro* | nôs-sa, nôsso, nôs-sua# | onçóm | su, onçóm-sa*, onçóm-sua# |
Second | vôs | vôs-sa, vôsso, su, vôs-sua# | vosôtro | vosôtro-sa, su, vosôtro-sua# | ||
Third | êle, êla* | êle-sa, su, êle-sua# | ilôtro, elôtro*, olôtro*, ulôtro* | ilôtro-sa, su, ilôtro-sua# |
#: dated.
*: rare.
Etymology 2
[edit]Uncertain. Possibly from Portuguese sabe (“know”), thus a doublet of sábi.
Alternative forms
[edit]Particle
[edit]sa
- expletive particle expressing confirmation or explanation
- Sâm diabo? Nunca, sâm tacho-sa!
- Is it the devil? No, it's a pot!
References
[edit]- https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm
- Batalha, Graciete Nogueira (1988) “sa”, in Glossário do dialecto macaense: notas linguísticas, etnográficas e folclóricas [Glossary of the Macanese dialect: linguistic, ethnographic and folkloric notes], Macau: Instituto Cultural de Macau, page 525
Malay
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]sa
Derived terms
[edit]Maltese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably from Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā, “until; as far as; even”). The form, though without doubt unusual, might be explained from earlier *ħta by assimilation in fast speech. Compare Moroccan Arabic حتى (ḥta). Compare also Spanish hasta, which, if related, might point to the existence of an obsolete Maghrebi variant *ḥastā. Joseph Aquilina preferred to derive the Maltese form from a contraction of Italian sino a, variant of fino a (“until; as far as”). Both may also have reinforced each other.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]sa
- until
- Se nħobbok sal-aħħar nifs ta’ ħajti. ― I’ll love you until the last breath of my life.
- as far as
Derived terms
[edit]Mandarin
[edit]Romanization
[edit]- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠮿
sa
- Nonstandard spelling of sā.
- Nonstandard spelling of sǎ.
- Nonstandard spelling of sà.
Usage notes
[edit]- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Maranao
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa
References
[edit]- A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya
Masalit
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa
References
[edit]- Timothy Leffel, Focus constructions in Masalit (New York University, 05/31/2011)
Matal
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Likely from Proto-Chadic *sa (“to drink”).[1] Cognate with Mpade se (“to drink”).
Verb
[edit]sa
- to drink
- Kà uwana may azà à gi, kavàw à gi tatak may, nəlay akə̀s à gi, katə̀ɗàw gi iyaw gəsà, gəgà məlok gà, kakə̀sàw gi la ahàl səla. (Mata 25:35)[2]
- For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink (lit: so I drank), I was a stranger and you welcomed me as a guest. (Matthew 25:35)
- Kəla uwabeyuwi uwana asà iyaw aŋa suwa uwanay, nəlay adàkəsay aya (Yuhana 4:13)[3]
- Everyone who drinks of this water will be thirsty again.(John 4:13)
Etymology 2
[edit]Likely from Proto-Chadic *(-)sə (“to come”).[4]
Verb
[edit]sa
- to come
- La kità Yuhana asà à waŋ, azùw aw, asà aw, ŋgaha azladza tagòɗ kà: 'Masla la masasəɗok mawisiga.' (Mata 11:18)[5]
- For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, ‘He has a demon!’ (Matthew 11:18)
- La mavakay uwatà Yesu asà à uda la kay, ŋgaha ahàd adzà madzay la gay dərəv kà matapla tatak à azladza. (Matthew 13:1)[6]
- On that day Jesus came out of the house and was sitting by the sea. (Matthew 13:1)
References
[edit]- ^ Newman, Paul (1977) Chadic Classification and Reconstructions (Afroasiatic Linguistics; 5)[1], number 1, Malibu: Undena
- ^ http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Matt/25#35
- ^ http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/John/4#13
- ^ Newman, Paul (1977) Chadic Classification and Reconstructions (Afroasiatic Linguistics; 5)[2], number 1, Malibu: Undena
- ^ http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Matt/11#18
- ^ http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Matt/13#1
- ^ http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Rev/9
Minangkabau
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
[edit]sa
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Northern Roglai
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
[edit]sa
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa
Ojibwe
[edit]Particle
[edit]sa
- emphasis marker
- Mii sa go ozhiitaawaad igo.
- They were getting ready.
References
[edit]- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/sa-pc-disc
Old French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin sua, feminine of suus.
Determiner
[edit]sa f (masculine son, plural ses)
Descendants
[edit]- French: sa
Old Frisian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *swa.
Conjunction
[edit]sā
Old Irish
[edit]Determiner
[edit]sa
- Alternative spelling of so
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]sa
Adjective
[edit]sa
- masculine nominative singular of ta (“that”)
Noun
[edit]sa
Palu'e
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *isa, *əsa, *asa.
Numeral
[edit]sa
Papiamentu
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- sabi (synonym)
Etymology
[edit]From Portuguese saber and Spanish saber and Kabuverdianu sabe.
Verb
[edit]sa
- to know
Pawaia
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa
References
[edit]- Phonological Considerations of Pawaia, in Oceania Linguistic Monographs, issues 14-15 (1971)
- Transnewguinea.org, citing both D. Trefry, A comparative study of Kuman and Pawaian (1969) and G. E. MacDonald, The Teberan Language Family, pages 111-121, in The Linguistic Situation in the Gulf District and Adjacent Area, Papua New Guinea (editor K. J. Franklin) (1973)
Rade
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
[edit]sa
Rawang
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa
- to wait.
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa
Romani
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]sa
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Vulgar Latin *sa, from Latin sua, the feminine form of suus.
Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]sa f
Pronoun
[edit]sa f (possessive pronouns)
Sardinian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- s' (apocopated, used before vowels)
Etymology
[edit]From Latin ipsa (“herself”), feminine of ipse (“himself”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]sa f (plural (Logudorese, Nuorese) sas or (Campidanese) is, masculine su)
- (Logudorese, Campidanese, Nuorese) the (feminine singular definite article)
References
[edit]- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
- Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “ísse”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
Scottish Gaelic
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”).
Preposition
[edit]sa
- in the
- sa bhliadhna de dh'aois Chrìost ― in the year of our Lord, anno domini
Usage notes
[edit]- Triggers lenition.
- This form is used before nouns beginning with b, c, g, m or p; otherwise san is used instead.
- Often understood to be a contraction of anns a', but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while anns is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Osborn Bergin (1916) “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, , →JSTOR, §67, page 17
- McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Preposition
[edit]sa (Cyrillic spelling са)
- Alternative form of s; used instead of s when the following word or group of words start with sibilants s, z, š or ž and before instrumental form of first-person pronoun ja (mnom).
Slovak
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]sa
- accusative of seba
- Vidím sa v zrkadle. ― I see myself in the mirror.
- Koho vidíš v zrkadle? Seba. ― Whom do you see in the mirror? Myself.
Usage notes
[edit]- In regular sentences, it must take the 2nd position.
- Modlím sa. ― I am praying.
- In the past tense, it takes the third 3rd while the inflected form of the verb byť takes the 2nd position.
- Modlil som sa. ― I was praying.
- In the conditional mood, it takes the 4th position of the sentences with the inflected form of byť occupying the 3rd position and the pronoun by taking the 2nd position.
- Modlil by som sa, keby... ― I would pray, if ...
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “sa”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
South Slavey
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Athabaskan *x̯ʷa. Cognates include Navajo shá and Dogrib sa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa (stem -za-)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | sezaá | naxezaá | |
2nd person | nezaá | ||
3rd person | 1) | — | gizaá |
2) | mezaá | gozaá | |
4th person | yezaá | ||
reflexive | sp. | ɂedezaá | kedezaá |
unsp. | dezaá | ||
reciprocal | — | ɂełezaá | |
indefinite | ɂezaá | ||
areal | gozaá | ||
1) Used when the subject is a group of human beings and the object is singular. 2) Used when the previous condition does not apply. |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Keren Rice (1989) A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 215
Southern Ndebele
[edit]Verb
[edit]-sa?
- to take
Inflection
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Sranan Tongo
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From English shall or borrowed from Dutch zal.
Particle
[edit]sa
- Verbal marker for modal aspect.
- Verbal marker for the future tense.
- Synonym: o
- 1975, “Basya Adyuku koni”, in Ursy M. Lichtveld, Jan Voorhoeve, editors, Creole drum. An Anthology of Creole Literature in Surinam[8], New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 86:
- A krabdagu taki: - Angri e kiri mi ba. A di mi si yu e nyan, ne mi kon.
Adyuku taki: - We san mi e nyan, mi no sabi efu yu sa nyan en. Na kasaba dokun mi tyari. Efu yu sa nyan en, dan mi sa gi yu.- The crab-eating raccoon said: 'I'm starving, brother. When I saw that you're eating, I came over immediately.
Adyuku said: 'I say, I don't know whether you'll [want to] eat what I'm eating. I brought cassava duckanoo. If you'll eat it, then I'll give it to you.
- The crab-eating raccoon said: 'I'm starving, brother. When I saw that you're eating, I came over immediately.
- 1999, Hillary de Bruin, “Liederen uit de praktijk van de duman [Songs from the Winti priest's practice]”, in OSO. Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse taalkunde, letterkunde en geschiedenis[9], Instituut ter Bevordering van de Surinamistiek, →ISSN, page 152:
- Blesi sa kon bogobogo, Masra pramis' m'anga yu, Lek'wan alen a sa wiki, Kraf' den di bribi fu tru, Sula fu seigi, wan dei sa was' kon na gron, now wan tu dropu de spiti, ma sibibusi sa kon
- Blessing will come abundantly / the Lord promised to me and you / like a rainshower it will awaken / strengthen those who truly believe / With cataracts of blessing / one day the ground will be awash / now a few droplets are spitting / but torrential rains will come
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa
- A saw (tool with a serrated blade, used for sawing).
Sumerian
[edit]Romanization
[edit]sa
- Romanization of 𒊓 (sa)
Swazi
[edit]Verb
[edit]-sá
- to dawn
Inflection
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa
- (somewhat informal) past indicative of säga
Anagrams
[edit]Tagalog
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa. Compare Bikol Central sa, Cebuano sa, Hiligaynon sa, Waray-Waray ha, Tausug ha, and Gorontalo ta.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /sa/ [sɐ]
- Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: sa
Preposition
[edit]sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)
- indirect object marker: to
- Binigay ko na ang lahat sa kaibigan ko. ― I already gave everything to my friend.
- used to refer to the location of something or some action: in; at; on (not used in a positive equational sentence)
- Sa Pilipinas ako ipinanganak. ― I was born in the Philippines.
- Wala siya sa opisina. ― He's not at the office.
- used to refer towards a location: to; toward
- Pupunta siya sa sinehan mamaya. ― He's going to the movies later.
- used to refer to accompaniment: with; together with; in company with
- Sumama si Juan sa tatay niya. ― Juan went with his father.
- used to refer to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
- Sa Lunes kami uuwi. ― We're going home on Monday.
- used in comparisons: than
- Synonym: kaysa
- Mas mabilis ang eroplano sa kotse mo. ― The airplane is faster than your car.
- used to refer to a place of origin or where one comes from: from; of (usually with galing or tubo)
- Tubo siya sa Cebu. ― He is a native from Cebu.
- a prescribed point in time when something occurred: upon; on; at the time of
- Sa pagpasok niya sa bahay, tumunog ang telepono. ― Upon his entrance to the house, the telephone rang.
- used to refer to the cause: due to; from; of
- Namatay sila sa gutom. ― They died of hunger.
- used to refer to the basis: on the basis of; on
- Lumabas ang estudyante sa pahintulot ng guro. ― The student went out based on the permission from the teacher.
- used to refer to one's dependence on or use of: on; through the use of
- Nabuhay sila sa tubig at tinapay lamang. ― They lived only on water and bread.
- used in combination with other words to form more specific prepositional phrases
- sa pamamagitan ng ― by means of
- mula sa ― from
Usage notes
[edit]- This is not used with names of people or other living beings, where kay or kina is used instead.
- For positive equational sentences, to refer to a location of something, nasa, na kay, or na kina is used instead.
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Influenced by Baybayin character ᜐ (sa).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /sa/ [sɐ]
- Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: sa
Noun
[edit]sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)
- the name of the Latin-script letter S/s, in the Abakada alphabet
See also
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]See tsa.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈsa/ [ˈsa]
- Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: sa
Noun
[edit]sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)
Further reading
[edit]- “sa”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Talysh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Persian صد (sad).
Numeral
[edit]sa
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Tausug
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq.
Noun
[edit]sā
Tooro
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Common Bantu *-ca (“empty”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]-sa (declinable)
Declension
[edit]Noun class | indefinite | definite | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | |
1/2 | musa | basa | omusa | abasa |
3/4 | musa | misa | omusa | emisa |
5/6 | lisa | masa | erisa | amasa |
7/8 | kisa | bisa | ekisa | ebisa |
9/10 | nsa | nsa | ensa | ensa |
11/10 | rusa | orusa | ||
12/14 | kasa | busa | akasa | obusa |
13 | tusa | otusa | ||
14/6 | busa | masa | obusa | amasa |
15/6 | kusa | okusa | ||
16 | hasa | ahasa |
Derived terms
[edit]- busa (“naked; nothing”)
References
[edit]- Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary[10], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 349
- Rubongoya, L. T. (2013) Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary][11], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 352
- Entry 9239 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
Tunica
[edit]Noun
[edit]sa
Turkish
[edit]Phrase
[edit]sa
- (Internet) Initialism of selamünaleyküm.
Vietnamese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Sino-Vietnamese word from 紗.
Noun
[edit]sa
Etymology 2
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa
Welsh
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa (not mutable)
- (South Wales) first-person singular present negative colloquial of bod
- Sa i’n gwybod.
- I don’t know.
- (colloquial) Contraction of basai.
Usage notes
[edit]Unlike other negative verb forms, the present negative form—and so, which is used for all other persons—is not complemented by ddim after the subject.
West Frisian
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]sa
Further reading
[edit]- “sa (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
West Makian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of sa (stative verb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | tisa | misa | asa | |
2nd person | nisa | fisa | ||
3rd person | inanimate | isa | disa | |
animate | masa | |||
imperative | —, sa | —, sa |
References
[edit]- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[12], Pacific linguistics
Western Cham
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]sa
Xârâgurè
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]sa
References
[edit]- Claire Moyse-Faurie, Constructions expressing middle, reflexive and reciprocal situations in some Oceanic languages, in Reciprocals and Reflexives: Theoretical and Typological Explorations
Xhosa
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Verb
[edit]-sa?
- to take
Inflection
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Ideophone
[edit]sâ
- Signifies scattering.
Yámana
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]sa
Zhuang
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /θa˨˦/
- Tone numbers: sa1
- Hyphenation: sa
Noun
[edit]sa (Sawndip form 砟, 1957–1982 spelling sa)
Adjective
[edit]sa (1957–1982 spelling sa)
Zou
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Kuki-Chin *saa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]sa
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Kuki-Chin *shaa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sja-n.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sá
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]From Proto-Kuki-Chin *tshaʔ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]sà
References
[edit]- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 62
Zulu
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *-kéa.
Verb
[edit]-sá
- (intransitive) to dawn
Inflection
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]-sa
- (transitive) to take to
- (transitive) to convey, to send, to transfer
Inflection
[edit]References
[edit]- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sa”
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sa”
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-1
- Abau lemmas
- Abau nouns
- Acehnese terms inherited from Proto-Chamic
- Acehnese terms derived from Proto-Chamic
- Acehnese terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Acehnese terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Acehnese terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Acehnese terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Acehnese terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Acehnese terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Acehnese terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Acehnese terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Acehnese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Acehnese lemmas
- Acehnese numerals
- Acehnese cardinal numbers
- Ainu lemmas
- Ainu nouns
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian terms borrowed from Greek
- Albanian terms derived from Greek
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian pronouns
- Ama terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ama lemmas
- Ama nouns
- Atong (India) terms with IPA pronunciation
- Atong (India) lemmas
- Atong (India) numerals
- Atong (India) numerals in Latin script
- Bahnar terms inherited from Proto-Bahnaric
- Bahnar terms derived from Proto-Bahnaric
- Bahnar terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer
- Bahnar terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer
- Bahnar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bahnar lemmas
- Bahnar verbs
- Balinese non-lemma forms
- Balinese romanizations
- Banjarese terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Banjarese terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Banjarese terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Banjarese terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Banjarese terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Banjarese terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Banjarese terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Banjarese terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Banjarese terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Banjarese terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Banjarese lemmas
- Banjarese numerals
- Banjarese cardinal numbers
- Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms with homophones
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan adjectives
- Catalan articles
- Balearic Catalan
- Cebuano terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Cebuano terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Cebuano terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cebuano lemmas
- Cebuano prepositions
- Cebuano terms with usage examples
- Cebuano articles
- Cebuano nouns
- Cebuano terms inherited from Proto-Philippine
- Cebuano terms derived from Proto-Philippine
- Chipewyan lemmas
- Chipewyan nouns
- Drung terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Drung lemmas
- Drung nouns
- Duriankere lemmas
- Duriankere nouns
- Duun lemmas
- Duun nouns
- Eastern Cham terms inherited from Proto-Chamic
- Eastern Cham terms derived from Proto-Chamic
- Eastern Cham terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Eastern Cham terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Eastern Cham terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Eastern Cham terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Eastern Cham terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Eastern Cham terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Eastern Cham terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Eastern Cham terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Eastern Cham terms with IPA pronunciation
- Eastern Cham lemmas
- Eastern Cham numerals
- Eastern Cham cardinal numbers
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian pronouns
- Estonian terms with usage examples
- Estonian personal pronouns
- Finnish 1-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑ/1 syllable
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish pronouns
- Finnish terms with archaic senses
- Finnish poetic terms
- Franco-Provençal non-lemma forms
- Franco-Provençal determiner forms
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French non-lemma forms
- French determiner forms
- French possessive determiners
- French terms with usage examples
- Futuna-Aniwa terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian
- Futuna-Aniwa terms derived from Proto-Polynesian
- Futuna-Aniwa lemmas
- Futuna-Aniwa adjectives
- Galician terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician nouns
- Galician countable nouns
- Galician feminine nouns
- Garo terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Garo terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Garo lemmas
- Garo numerals
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Guaraní lemmas
- Guaraní adjectives
- Guaraní cardinal numbers
- Hadza terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hadza lemmas
- Hadza verbs
- Hadza nouns
- hts:Weather
- Haitian Creole terms derived from French
- Haitian Creole terms with IPA pronunciation
- Haitian Creole non-lemma forms
- Haitian Creole verb forms
- Haitian Creole lemmas
- Haitian Creole determiners
- Haitian Creole terms with quotations
- Haitian Creole pronouns
- Haroi terms inherited from Proto-Chamic
- Haroi terms derived from Proto-Chamic
- Haroi terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Haroi terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Haroi terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Haroi terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Haroi terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Haroi terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Haroi terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Haroi terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Haroi lemmas
- Haroi numerals
- Haroi cardinal numbers
- Hausa terms inherited from Proto-Chadic
- Hausa terms derived from Proto-Chadic
- Hausa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hausa lemmas
- Hausa nouns
- Hausa masculine nouns
- ha:Mammals
- Higaonon lemmas
- Higaonon prepositions
- Iban lemmas
- Iban affixes
- Iban compound terms
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido lemmas
- Ido determiners
- Ido terms with archaic senses
- Ido terms with quotations
- Igbo terms with IPA pronunciation
- Igbo lemmas
- Igbo verbs
- Indonesian 1-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian pronouns
- Papuan Indonesian
- Irish terms inherited from Middle Irish
- Irish terms derived from Middle Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish non-lemma forms
- Irish contractions
- Irish terms with usage examples
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian verb forms
- Italian terms with usage examples
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Jarai terms inherited from Proto-Chamic
- Jarai terms derived from Proto-Chamic
- Jarai terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Jarai terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Jarai terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Jarai terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Jarai terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Jarai terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Jarai terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Jarai terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Jarai lemmas
- Jarai numerals
- Jarai cardinal numbers
- Kabyle terms inherited from Proto-Berber
- Kabyle terms derived from Proto-Berber
- Kabyle terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kabyle lemmas
- Kabyle numerals
- Kamakan lemmas
- Kamakan nouns
- Lhao Vo terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Lhao Vo terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Lhao Vo lemmas
- Lhao Vo nouns
- mhx:Bodily fluids
- Ligurian non-lemma forms
- Ligurian verb forms
- Livonian lemmas
- Livonian pronouns
- Louisiana Creole terms inherited from French
- Louisiana Creole terms derived from French
- Louisiana Creole terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Louisiana Creole/a
- Rhymes:Louisiana Creole/a/1 syllable
- Louisiana Creole terms with homophones
- Louisiana Creole lemmas
- Louisiana Creole verbs
- Louisiana Creole auxiliary verbs
- Louisiana Creole copulative verbs
- Lower Sorbian lemmas
- Lower Sorbian prepositions
- Lower Sorbian obsolete forms
- Macanese terms derived from Cantonese
- Macanese lemmas
- Macanese particles
- Macanese terms with usage examples
- Macanese terms with unknown etymologies
- Macanese terms derived from Portuguese
- Macanese doublets
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay 1-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/sə
- Rhymes:Malay/ə
- Malay lemmas
- Malay numerals
- Malay 1924-1972 forms
- Malay obsolete forms
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Italian
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese prepositions
- Maltese terms with usage examples
- Hanyu Pinyin
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Mandarin nonstandard forms
- Maranao lemmas
- Maranao nouns
- Masalit lemmas
- Masalit nouns
- Matal terms inherited from Proto-Chadic
- Matal terms derived from Proto-Chadic
- Matal lemmas
- Matal verbs
- Matal terms with usage examples
- Minangkabau terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Minangkabau terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Minangkabau terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Minangkabau terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Minangkabau terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Minangkabau terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Minangkabau terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Minangkabau terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Minangkabau terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Minangkabau terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Minangkabau lemmas
- Minangkabau numerals
- Minangkabau cardinal numbers
- Northern Roglai terms inherited from Proto-Chamic
- Northern Roglai terms derived from Proto-Chamic
- Northern Roglai terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Northern Roglai terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Northern Roglai terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Northern Roglai terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Northern Roglai terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Northern Roglai terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Northern Roglai terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Northern Roglai terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Northern Roglai lemmas
- Northern Roglai numerals
- Northern Roglai cardinal numbers
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål verb forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms
- Ojibwe lemmas
- Ojibwe particles
- Ojibwe discourse particles
- Ojibwe terms with usage examples
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French determiners
- Old French possessive pronouns
- Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Frisian lemmas
- Old Frisian conjunctions
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish determiners
- Pali lemmas
- Pali pronouns
- Pali non-lemma forms
- Pali adjective forms
- Pali noun forms
- Palu'e terms inherited from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Palu'e terms derived from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Palu'e terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Palu'e terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Palu'e terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Palu'e terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Palu'e lemmas
- Palu'e numerals
- Palu'e cardinal numbers
- Papiamentu terms derived from Portuguese
- Papiamentu terms derived from Spanish
- Papiamentu terms derived from Kabuverdianu
- Papiamentu lemmas
- Papiamentu verbs
- Pawaia terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pawaia lemmas
- Pawaia nouns
- Rade terms inherited from Proto-Chamic
- Rade terms derived from Proto-Chamic
- Rade terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Rade terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Rade terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Rade terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Rade terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Rade terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Rade terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Rade terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Rade lemmas
- Rade numerals
- Rade cardinal numbers
- Rawang terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rawang lemmas
- Rawang verbs
- Rawang nouns
- Romani lemmas
- Romani pronouns
- Romanian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Romanian/a
- Rhymes:Romanian/a/1 syllable
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian pronouns
- Romanian possessive determiners
- Sardinian terms inherited from Latin
- Sardinian terms derived from Latin
- Sardinian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sardinian lemmas
- Sardinian articles
- Logudorese
- Campidanese
- Nuorese
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Middle Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Middle Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic prepositions
- Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian prepositions
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak non-lemma forms
- Slovak pronoun forms
- Slovak terms with usage examples
- South Slavey terms inherited from Proto-Athabaskan
- South Slavey terms derived from Proto-Athabaskan
- South Slavey terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Slavey lemmas
- South Slavey nouns
- xsl:Time
- xsl:Light sources
- Southern Ndebele lemmas
- Southern Ndebele verbs
- Sranan Tongo terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sranan Tongo terms derived from English
- Sranan Tongo terms borrowed from Dutch
- Sranan Tongo terms derived from Dutch
- Sranan Tongo lemmas
- Sranan Tongo particles
- Sranan Tongo terms with quotations
- Sranan Tongo nouns
- Sumerian non-lemma forms
- Sumerian romanizations
- Swazi lemmas
- Swazi verbs
- Swedish apocopic forms
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Swedish/ɑː
- Rhymes:Swedish/ɑː/1 syllable
- Swedish non-lemma forms
- Swedish verb forms
- Swedish informal terms
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/a
- Rhymes:Tagalog/a/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog prepositions
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog terms with usage examples
- Tagalog nouns
- tl:Latin letter names
- Tagalog obsolete forms
- Talysh lemmas
- Talysh numerals
- Tausug terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tausug terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tausug lemmas
- Tausug nouns
- Tooro terms inherited from Common Bantu
- Tooro terms derived from Common Bantu
- Tooro terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tooro lemmas
- Tooro adjectives
- Tooro terms with rare senses
- Tooro terms with usage examples
- Tunica lemmas
- Tunica nouns
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish phrases
- tr:Internet
- Turkish initialisms
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sino-Vietnamese words
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- vi:Medicine
- Vietnamese verbs
- Welsh non-lemma forms
- Welsh verb forms
- Welsh non-mutable terms
- Welsh colloquial verb forms
- South Wales Welsh
- Welsh terms with usage examples
- Welsh colloquialisms
- Welsh contractions
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian conjunctions
- West Makian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Makian lemmas
- West Makian verbs
- West Makian stative verbs
- Western Cham terms inherited from Proto-Chamic
- Western Cham terms derived from Proto-Chamic
- Western Cham terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Western Cham terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Western Cham terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Western Cham terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Western Cham terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Western Cham terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Western Cham terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Western Cham terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Western Cham terms with IPA pronunciation
- Western Cham lemmas
- Western Cham numerals
- Western Cham cardinal numbers
- Xârâgurè lemmas
- Xârâgurè verbs
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa verbs
- Xhosa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Xhosa ideophones
- Yámana lemmas
- Yámana pronouns
- Zhuang terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zhuang 1-syllable words
- Zhuang lemmas
- Zhuang nouns
- Zhuang adjectives
- Zou terms inherited from Proto-Kuki-Chin
- Zou terms derived from Proto-Kuki-Chin
- Zou terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zou lemmas
- Zou adjectives
- Zou terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Zou terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Zou nouns
- zom:Foods
- zom:Lifeforms
- Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu verbs
- Zulu intransitive verbs
- Zulu verbs with tone H
- Zulu clippings
- Zulu transitive verbs
- Zulu verbs with tone L