個

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See also: 个
個 U+500B, 個
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-500B
← 倊
[U+500A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 倌 →
[U+500C]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
10 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]

個 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人田十口 (OWJR), four-corner 26200, composition ⿰亻固)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 107, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 758
  • Dae Jaweon: page 228, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 178, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+500B

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 個/箇
simp. 个
alternative forms
个 especially in the possessive usage
的 Hokkien; possessive particle
亓 Hokkien; possessive particle
ㄟ Taiwanese Hokkien; possessive particle
兮 Taiwanese Hokkien; possessive particle
个 especially in the possessive usage
的 Hokkien; possessive particle
亓 Hokkien; possessive particle
ㄟ Taiwanese Hokkien; possessive particle
兮 Taiwanese Hokkien; possessive particle
ケ Taiwanese Hokkien; possessive particle
亇
 

Glyph origin

[edit]
Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
箇 *kaːls
個 *kaːls
居 *kɯ, *kas
橭 *kaː, *kʰaː
嫴 *kaː
姑 *kaː
辜 *kaː
酤 *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄 *kaː
鴣 *kaː
沽 *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬 *kaː, *kaːʔ
古 *kaːʔ
罟 *kaːʔ
估 *kaːʔ
鈷 *kaːʔ
詁 *kaːʔ
牯 *kaːʔ
故 *kaːs
固 *kaːs
稒 *kaːɡs
痼 *kaːɡs
錮 *kaːɡs
鯝 *kaːɡs
棝 *kaːɡs
凅 *kaːɡs
枯 *kʰaː
軲 *kʰaː
跍 *kʰaː
骷 *kʰaː
苦 *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫 *qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬 *ɡaː
瑚 *ɡaː
湖 *ɡaː
鶘 *ɡaː
猢 *ɡaː
醐 *ɡaː
糊 *ɡaː
箶 *ɡaː
蝴 *ɡaː
胡 *ɡaː
瓳 *ɡaː
怙 *ɡaːʔ
祜 *ɡaːʔ
岵 *ɡaːʔ
婟 *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛 *ɡaːʔ
据 *ka
裾 *ka
琚 *ka
椐 *ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋 *ka
蜛 *ka
崌 *ka
涺 *ka
腒 *ka, *ɡa
鋸 *kas
倨 *kas
踞 *kas
涸 *ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːls) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 固 (OC *kaːs).

Etymology

[edit]

The semantics may have developed along the grammaticalisation process "bamboo stalk" (箇) > "piece, item" > "classifier for every category of noun" > "possessive particle, generic particle". If so, it would then possibly be cognate with 竿 (OC *kaːn, “bamboo, rod”). Compare Tibetan མཁར་བ (mkhar ba), འཁར་བ ('khar ba, “walking stick, staff”) and Thai ก้าน (gâan, “stem, stalk”).

Southern Min classifier and possessive particle
Hokkien ê/gê (classifier), ê (possessive particle), Teochew gai5 (classifier), gai7 (possessive particle): from 其 (OC *ɡɯ) (Li, 2002; Douglas, 1873[1]). Cognate with Eastern Min 其 (gì, possessive particle), Northern Min 的 (gâ̤, possessive particle). The modern forms of these cognates all derive from the 陽平／阳平 (yángpíng) tone.
Wu classifier and possessive particle
Though the expected pronunciation (in for instance Shanghainese) would be /ku/, this has underwent glottalisation (Dai, 2004). Compare 勒 (“to be in, to be at”), 搭 (“to”). In Shanghainese, this often undergoes further lenition to /ɦəʔ/.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • ge - classifier;
  • gě - colloquial, used in 自個兒.
Note:
  • gó̤ - literary;
  • gá - classifier.
Note:
  • kò - literary (including classifier for months);
  • ê/gê - generic classifier;
  • ê - possessive particle (see 的/个/兮/亓/之/ㄟ).
Note:
  • go6 - literary;
  • gai5 - classifier, or particle introducing the object of the verb (equivalent to 把);
  • gai7 - possessive particle.
Note:
  • (Shanghainese) 8geq ~ 8gheq ~ 7eq, (Suzhounese) 7keq - classifier or particle;
  • (Shanghainese) 5ku, (Suzhounese) 5kou - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 個
Mandarin Beijing /kɤ⁵¹/
Harbin /kɤ⁵¹/
Tianjin
Jinan /kɤ²¹³/
/kɤ²¹/
Qingdao /kə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /kə³¹/
Xi'an /kɤ⁵⁵/
Xining
Yinchuan /kə¹³/
Lanzhou /kə¹³/
Ürümqi /kɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ko³⁵/
Chengdu /ko²¹³/
Guiyang /ko¹³/
Kunming /ko²¹¹/
Nanjing /ko⁴⁴/
Hefei /kʊ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /kɤ⁴⁵/
Pingyao
Hohhot /kəʔ³⁴/
Wu Shanghai /ɡəʔ¹²/ 一～
/ɦəʔ¹²/ 一～
/ku³³⁴/ ～人
Suzhou /kəʔ⁴³/ 一～
/kəu⁵²³/ ～人
Hangzhou /koʔ⁵/ 一～
/ko⁴⁴⁵/ ～人
Wenzhou /kai⁴²/
Hui Shexian /kəo²¹³/
Tunxi /ka⁴²/ 一～
/kɔ⁴²/ 爾～爸
Xiang Changsha /ko⁴⁵/
Xiangtan /ko⁴⁵/
Gan Nanchang /ko³⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kɛ⁵²/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɔ³³/
Nanning /kɔ³³/
Hong Kong /kɔ³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ko¹¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kɔ²¹³/ 文
/ka²¹³/ 白
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kai⁵⁵/ 文
/ko⁵⁵/ 白
Haikou (Hainanese) /kai²¹/ 文
/ke²¹/ 白
Rime
Character 個
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古賀切
Baxter kaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaH/
Li
Rong 		/kɑH/
Wang
Li 		/kɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		go3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 個
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kaH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁa[r]-s/
English piece, item

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 個
Reading # 1/1
No. 4208
Phonetic
component 		古
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		箇
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːls/
Notes 見儀禮鄭注

Definitions

[edit]

個

  1. single; alone; individual
    個人／个人  ―  gèrén  ―  an individual; personal
    個體／个体  ―  gètǐ  ―  individuality
    個別／个别  ―  gèbié  ―  individual; separate; some; a couple of
  2. height; build; stature
    個子／个子  ―  gèzi  ―  height; stature
    個兒／个儿  ―  gèr  ―  size
  3. (dialectal Hakka, dialectal Min, dialectal Wu) one
  4. The generic classifier for people or for things lacking specific classifiers.
    一個人／一个人  ―  yī gè rén  ―  one person
    每個人／每个人  ―  měi gè rén  ―  every person; everyone
    我有一個問題。 [MSC, trad.]
    我有一个问题。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ yǒu yī gè wèntí. [Pinyin]
    I have a question.
    兩個人／两个人 [Taiwanese Hokkien]  ―  nn̄g ê lâng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  two people
    住響你屋企個陳先生係邊度人嚟㗎？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
    住响你屋企个陈先生系边度人嚟㗎？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
    zyu6 hoeng2 nei5 uk1 kei2 go3 can4 sin1 saang1 hai6 bin1 dou6 jan4 lai4 gaa3? [Jyutping]
    Where is that Mr. Chan who lives at your house from?
  5. Classifier for hours and months.
    一個鐘頭／一个钟头  ―  yī gè zhōngtóu  ―  one hour
    九個月／九个月  ―  jiǔ gè yuè  ―  nine months
    三個月／三个月 [Taiwanese Hokkien]  ―  saⁿ kò goe̍h [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  three months
  6. Alternative classifier, for nouns having specific classifiers. Often colloquial and regional. Usage varies greatly between different topolects.
    一個學校／一个学校  ―  yī gè xuéxiào  ―  one school
    一個井／一个井 [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  jat1 go3 zeng2 [Jyutping]  ―  a well
    一個房／一个房 [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  jat1 go3 fong4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  a room
  7. (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Puxian Min, Wenzhounese) Classifier for money: yuan, dollar; buck
    三個九毫九／三个九毫九 [Cantonese]  ―  saam1 go3 gau2 hou4 gau2 [Jyutping]  ―  three dollars and ninety-nine cents
    八個六／八个六 [Cantonese]  ―  baat3 go3 luk6 [ [Jyutping]  ―  eight dollars and sixty cents
    個半十隻檸檬 [Cantonese, trad.]
    个半十只柠檬 [Cantonese, simp.]
    go3 bun3 sap6 zek3 ning4 mung4-1 [Jyutping]
    ten lemons for a dollar and a half
    三個銀／三个银 [Sixian Hakka]  ―  sâm ke ngiùn [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]  ―  three dollars
    兩斤五個／两斤五个 [Teochew]  ―  no6 geng1 ngou6 gai5 [Peng'im]  ―  two catties for five dollars
    個銀三粒／个银三粒 [Teochew]  ―  gai5 ngeng5 san1 liab8 [Peng'im]  ―  three for a buck
  8. (Cantonese, slang) Classifier for money: ten thousand yuan, dollars, etc.
    Synonym: 粒
    佢爭人十個。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢争人十个。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 caang1 jan4 sap6 go3. [Jyutping]
    He owes them a hundred grand.
  9. (Mandarin, colloquial) Particle, placed between a verb and numbers, showing that the following numbers are approximate, not accurate.
    他一下跑個兩三公里都不在話下。 [MSC, trad.]
    他一下跑个两三公里都不在话下。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā yīxià pǎo gè liǎng sān gōnglǐ dōu bùzàihuàxià. [Pinyin]
    Running two or three kilometers in one go is a piece of cake for him.
    他們倆就差個一兩歲。 [MSC, trad.]
    他们俩就差个一两岁。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen liǎ jiù chà gè yī liǎng suì. [Pinyin]
    The age difference between them is only about one or two years.
  10. (Mandarin, Cantonese, colloquial) Particle, placed between a verb and its object or complement, adding a sense of ease, swiftness and one-offness to the action.
    吃個飯，洗個澡，休息休息 [MSC, trad.]
    吃个饭，洗个澡，休息休息 [MSC, simp.]
    chī gè fàn, xǐ ge zǎo, xiūxi xiūxi [Pinyin]
    have a meal, take a shower and have some rest
    我們昨天見了個面，聊了聊近況。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们昨天见了个面，聊了聊近况。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen zuótiān jiàn le gè miàn, liáo le liáo jìnkuàng. [Pinyin]
    We met yesterday, and chatted about how we've been recently.
  11. (Mandarin, colloquial) Particle used after 些 (xiē).
    那些個年的事現在回憶起來還是記憶猶新。 [MSC, trad.]
    那些个年的事现在回忆起来还是记忆犹新。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nàxiēgè nián de shì xiànzài huíyì qǐlái háishì jìyìyóuxīn. [Pinyin]
    It feels like yesterday when I reminisce about those stories in the past.
  12. Particle between a verb and its complement.
    吃個夠／吃个够  ―  chī ge gòu  ―  to eat enough
    忙個不停／忙个不停  ―  máng ge bùtíng  ―  to be as busy as a bee
    唱個痛快／唱个痛快  ―  chàng ge tòngkuài  ―  to sing to one’s heart’s content
  13. (dialectal Mandarin) Particle used in some time-related words.
    今兒個／今儿个  ―  jīnrge  ―  (dialectal) today
  14. (literary or Wu, Xiang, Gan, dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Min) (= 搿 (Northern Wu)) this; that
    個個人／个个人 [Shanghainese]  ―  8geq-gheq 6gnin [Wugniu]  ―  this person
    個隻鴨子勿大酥 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    个只鸭子勿大酥 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    8geq-tsaq 7aq-tsy 6veq8-da-su [Wugniu]
    This duck hasn't been cooked long enough for it to become tender.
  15. (dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Wu) Possessive particle. Equivalent to Mandarin 的 (de).
    → 嘅 (ge3) (Cantonese); 格 (kaq), 額／额 (gheq) (Shanghainese) (Mandarin influenced); 噶, 葛 (Suzhounese); 的 (ê) (Hokkien)
    我個冊／我个册 [Hokkien]  ―  góa ê chheh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  my book
    我個書／我个书 [Teochew]  ―  ua2 gai7 ze1 [Peng'im]  ―  my book
    我個小囡／我个小囡 [Shanghainese]  ―  6ngu-gheq 5shiau-noe [Wugniu]  ―  my child
    客家個精神／客家个精神 [Sixian Hakka]  ―  hak-kâ ke chîn-sṳ̀n [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]  ―  the Hakka spirit
  16. (dialectal) Sentence-final declarative, affirmative, or prohibitive particle. Equivalent to Mandarin 的 (de), 了 (le).
    標語勿是我寫個。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    标语勿是我写个。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    1piau-gniu 8veq-zy 6ngu 5shia-gheq [Wugniu]
    I didn't write that slogan.
    事體老妖個。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    事体老妖个。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    From: 2011, Hu Baotan, 弄堂
    6zy-thi 6lau 1iau 0gheq [Wugniu]
    It's quite an odd happenstance.
    1. (Cantonese, pronunciation spelling) Vowel harmony form of 嘅 (ge3, “emphasis particle used at the end of declarative sentences”), pronounced as 個／个 (go3) when followed by sentence final particles with vowel o, such as 喎／㖞 (wo3).
      係噉個喎／系噉个㖞 [Cantonese]  ―  hai6 gam2 go3 wo3 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  17. (often dialectal) Emphatic particle between a pronoun and a noun, usually to highlight some negative quality of the person.
    你個笨蛋！／你个笨蛋！  ―  Nǐ gè bèndàn!  ―  You idiot!
    佢個人好懶。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢个人好懒。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 go3 jan4 hou2 laan5. [Jyutping]
    He/she is such a sluggard.
  18. (Teochew) to be
    我個學生，我個生日個十月三號。 [Teochew, trad.]
    我个学生，我个生日个十月三号。 [Teochew, simp.]
    ua2 gai5 hag8 sêng1, ua2 gai7 sên1 rig8 gai5 zab8 ghuêh8 san1 ho7. [Peng'im]
    I am a student. My birthday is 3rd October.
    關西個日本個，關中是陝西。 [Teochew, trad.]
    关西个日本个，关中是陕西。 [Teochew, simp.]
    From: Forvo
    guang1 sai1 gai5 rig8 bung2 gai7, guang1 dong1 si6 siam2 sai1. [Peng'im]
    Kansai ("west of the pass") is in Japan; Guanzhong ("within the pass") is in Shaanxi.
    • 我個潮州來個。 [Teochew, trad.]
      我个潮州来个。 [Teochew, simp.]
      From: Based on 2011, Hui Ling Xu; Stephen Matthews, On the polyfunctionality and grammaticalization of the morpheme kai in the Chaozhou dialect, in Foong Ha Yap; Karen Grunow-Hårsta; Janick Wrona (eds.), Nominalization in Asian Languages: Diachronic and typological perspectives, page 121
      ua2 gai5 dio5 ziu1 lai5 gai7 [Peng'im]
      I come from Chaozhou. (i.e., It is Chaozhou that I come from.)
  19. (dated Shanghainese) Used to indicate the past tense.
    我伲一直替㑚一家人家交易，勿到別人家去個。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    我伲一直替㑚一家人家交易，勿到别人家去个。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    From: 2010, Qian Nairong, 《從〈滬語便商〉所見的老上海話時態》 (Tenses and Aspects? Old Shanghainese as Found in the Book Huyu Bian Shang)
    We've been trading with your family, we haven't gone to any other families.
  20. (Cantonese) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Usage notes

[edit]
  • For Hokkien, Taiwan's Ministry of Education recommends 个 for the general classifier ê and 的 for the possessive particle ê, reserving 個 for the month classifier kò.
  • For Hakka, Taiwan's Ministry of Education recommends 个 for the possessive particle.
  • In Cantonese, when used for "yuan/dollar", 個 is usually only used when followed by cents.
  • Northern Wu languages can mark for tenses, as well as aspects. In Old Shanghainese, this is used to mark the past tense, as opposed to a perfect aspect.

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (height):
edit
  • (one):
Dialectal synonyms of 一 (“one”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 一
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 一, 幺 as a digit
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 一
Taiwan 一
Chengde 一
Ulanhot 一
Tongliao 一
Chifeng 一
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 一
Heihe 一
Qiqihar 一
Harbin 一
Jiamusi 一
Baicheng 一
Changchun 一
Tonghua 一
Shenyang 一
Jinzhou 一
Singapore 一
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 一
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 一
Tangshan 一
Cangzhou 一
Baoding 一
Shijiazhuang 一
Lijin 一
Jinan 一
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 一
Dandong 一
Yantai 一
Yantai (Muping) 一
Qingdao 一
Zhucheng 一
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 一
Jining 一
Wanrong 一
Linfen 一
Shangqiu 一
Yuanyang 一
Zhengzhou 一
Xinyang 一
Baihe 一
Xi'an 一
Dingbian 一
Baoji 一
Tianshui 一
Xining 一
Yanqi 一
Xuzhou 一
Fuyang 一
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 一
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 一
Bayanhot 一
Lanzhou 一
Dunhuang 一
Hami 一
Ürümqi 一
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 一
Nanchong 一
Dazhou 一
Hanyuan 一
Xichang 一
Zigong 一
Chongqing 一
Wuhan 一
Yichang 一
Xiangyang 一
Tianmen 一
Guiyang 一
Zunyi 一
Bijie 一
Liping 一
Zhaotong 一
Dali 一
Kunming 一
Mengzi 一
Guilin 一
Guanyang 一
Lipu 一
Pingle 一
Yangshuo 一
Liuzhou 一
Luzhai 一
Nanning (Fujian) 一
Nanning (Wuming) 一
Binyang (Nanjie) 一
Hechi (Yizhou) 一
Luocheng (Dongmen) 一
Tianlin (Langping) 一
Jishou 一
Changde 一
Yongzhou 一
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 一
Hanzhong 一
Dagudi (Maliba) 一
Reshuitang (Longling) 一
Mae Salong (Lancang) 一
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 一
Oudomxay 一
Pematangsiantar 一
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 一
Yangzhou 一
Lianyungang 一
Lianshui 一
Nantong 一
Anqing 一
Wuhu 一
Hefei 一
Hong'an 一
Mandarin Jiangshan (Nianbadu) 一
Kaihua (Huabu) 一
Yushan (Huaiyu) 一
Cantonese Guangzhou 一
Hong Kong 一
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 一
Yangjiang 一
Nanning (Tanka) 一
Wuzhou 一
Yulin 一
Rongxian 一
Hepu (Lianzhou) 一
Hepu (Shatian) 一
Guiping 一
Guiping (Jintian) 一
Guiping (Jiangkou) 一
Guiping (Madong) 一
Guiping (Mule) 一
Pingnan 一
Pingnan (Danzhu) 一
Mengshan (Xinxu) 一
Mengshan (Chentang) 一
Guigang (Gangcheng) 一
Guigang (Pingdong) 一
Beiliu 一
Baise 一
Qinzhou 一
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 一
Beihai 一
Beihai (Nankang) 一
Beihai (Yingpan) 一
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 一, 𠬠
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 一, 𠬠
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 一
Dongxing 一
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 一
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 一
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 一
Sarikei (Xinhui) 一
Singapore (Guangfu) 一
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 一
Móng Cái 一, 𠬠
Mandalay (Taishan) 一
Bangkok (Guangfu) 一
Betong (Rongxian) 一
Gan Nanchang 一
Pengze 一
Yanshan (Yongping) 一
Fengcheng 一
Lichuan 一
Pingxiang 一
Hakka Meixian 一
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 一
Jiexi 一
Changting 一
Yudu 一
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 一
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 一
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 一
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 一
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 一
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 一
Hong Kong 一
Bobai (Shahe) 一
Bobai (Longtan) 一
Bobai (Lingping) 一
Binyang (Wangling) 一
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 一
Lipu (Shuangduitun) 一
Lipu (Dashigu) 一
Pingle (Tong'an) 一
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 一
Guidong 一
Sabah (Longchuan) 一
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 一
Senai (Huiyang) 一
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 一
Singkawang 一
Pontianak (Meixian) 一
Bangkok (Meixian) 一
Bangkok (Fengshun) 一
Bangkok (Jiexi) 一
Huizhou Jixi 一
Shexian 一
Shexian (Daguyun) 一
Jin Taiyuan 一
Taiyuan (Jiancaoping) 一
Pingyao 一
Yangyuan 一
Datong 一
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 一
Xinzhou 一
Lüliang (Lishi) 一
Changzhi 一
Taibus (Baochang) 一
Linhe 一
Jining 一
Liangcheng 一
Hohhot 一
Baotou 一
Dongsheng 一
Haibowan 一
Erenhot 一
Pingshan 一
Zhangjiakou 一
Handan 一
Linzhou 一
Suide 一
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 一
Northern Min Jian'ou 蜀
Songxi 蜀
Jianyang 蜀
Pucheng (Shibei) 個
Eastern Min Fuzhou 蜀
Fuqing 蜀
Gutian 蜀
Ningde 蜀
Zhouning 蜀
Fuding 蜀
Singapore (Fuqing) 蜀
Southern Min Xiamen 蜀
Quanzhou 蜀
Jinjiang 蜀
Hui'an 蜀
Yongchun 蜀
Zhangzhou 蜀
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 蜀
Zhao'an 蜀
Taipei 蜀
New Taipei (Sanxia) 蜀
Kaohsiung 蜀
Yilan 蜀
Changhua (Lukang) 蜀
Taichung 蜀
Tainan 蜀
Hsinchu 蜀
Kinmen 蜀
Penghu (Magong) 蜀
Penang (Hokkien) 蜀
Singapore (Hokkien) 蜀
Manila (Hokkien) 蜀
Longyan 蜀
Pingnan (Pingtian) 蜀
Guiping (Xiaowen) 蜀
Guiping (Dongsheng) 蜀
Chaozhou 蜀
Shantou 蜀
Shantou (Chenghai) 蜀
Jieyang 蜀
Haifeng 蜀
Hong Kong (Yuen Chau Tsai) 蜀, 一
Bangkok (Teochew) 蜀, 一
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 蜀
Hat Yai (Teochew) 蜀
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 蜀
Singapore (Teochew) 蜀
Batam (Teochew) 蜀
Pontianak (Teochew) 蜀
Leizhou 蜀
Haikou 蜀
Singapore (Hainanese) 蜀
Puxian Min Putian 蜀
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 蜀
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 蜀
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 蜀
Xianyou 蜀
Xianyou (Fengting) 蜀
Xianyou (Youyang) 蜀
Central Min Yong'an 寡
Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 寡
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 個, 蜀
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 蜀
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 一
Binyang 一
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dongbianzhou) 一
Guilin (Yangjia) 一
Guilin (Qianjing) 一
Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 一
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 一
Lingchuan (Gaoqiao) 一
Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 一
Shehua Chaozhou 一
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 一
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 一
Wu Shanghai 一
Shanghai (Songjiang) 一
Shanghai (Jiading) 一
Shanghai (Chongming) 一
Suzhou 一
Suzhou (Wujiang) 一
Danyang 一
Nanjing (Zhongbao, Gaochun) 一
Hangzhou 一
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 一
Ningbo 一
Xiangshan 一
Wenzhou 一
Songyang (Gushi) 一
Longquan 一
Jiangshan 一
Jinhua 一
Yiwu 一
Xiang Changsha 一
Xiangxiang 一
Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) 一
Loudi 一
Shuangfeng 一
Hengyang 一
Hengshan 一
Hengshan (Baiguo) 一
Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) 一
  • (classifier):
Dialectal synonyms of 個 (“(classifier for people)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 個
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 個
Taiwan 個
Malaysia 個
Singapore 個
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 個
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 個
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 個
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 個
Xi'an 個
Xining 個
Xuzhou 個
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 個
Ürümqi 個
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 個
Wuhan 個
Guiyang 個
Guilin 個
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 個
Yangzhou 個
Hefei 個
Cantonese Guangzhou 個
Hong Kong 個
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 個
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 個
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 個
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 隻
Macau 個
Guangzhou (Panyu) 個
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 個
Guangzhou (Conghua) 個
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 個
Foshan 個
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 個
Foshan (Shunde) 個
Foshan (Sanshui) 個
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 個
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 個
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 個
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 個
Zhuhai (Doumen) 個
Jiangmen (Baisha) 個
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 個
Taishan 個
Kaiping (Chikan) 個
Enping (Niujiang) 個
Heshan (Yayao) 個
Dongguan 個
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 個
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 隻
Yangjiang 個
Nanning 個, 隻
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 個
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 個
Singapore (Guangfu) 個
Gan Nanchang 個, 隻
Lichuan 個
Pingxiang 個
Hakka Meixian 隻
Xingning 隻
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 隻
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 隻
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 隻
Huiyang 隻
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 隻
Dongguan (Qingxi) 隻
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 隻
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 隻
Boluo (Bendihua) 隻
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 隻
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 隻
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 隻
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 隻
Wuhua (Huacheng) 隻
Wuhua (Changbu) 隻
Wuhua (Mianyang) 隻
Heyuan (Bendihua) 隻
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 隻
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 隻
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 隻
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 隻
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 隻
Wengyuan 隻, 個
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 隻, 個
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 個
Liannan 個
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 隻
Jiexi 個, 儕
Luhe 隻
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 個
Changting 個
Wuping (Yanqian) 個
Ninghua 個
Yudu 個
Ningdu 隻
Tonggu (Sandu) 個
Ganzhou (Panlong) 個
Dayu 個
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 儕
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 儕
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 儕
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 儕
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 儕
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 儕
Hong Kong 隻
Yangxi (Tangkou) 隻
Yangchun (Sanjia) 隻
Xinyi (Sihe) 隻
Xinyi (Qianpai) 隻
Gaozhou (Xindong) 隻
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 隻
Huazhou (Xin'an) 隻
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 隻
Lianjiang (Qingping) 隻
Mengshan (Xihe) 隻
Luchuan 隻
Sabah (Longchuan) 隻
Senai (Huiyang) 隻
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 個
Singkawang 隻
Huizhou Jixi 個
Jin Taiyuan 個
Xinzhou 個
Northern Min Jian'ou 隻
Songxi 隻
Zhenghe 隻
Jianyang 隻
Wuyishan 隻
Eastern Min Fuzhou 隻, 個
Fuzhou (Changle) 隻
Lianjiang 隻
Fuqing 隻
Pingtan 隻
Yongtai 隻
Minqing 隻, 基
Gutian 隻
Fu'an 隻
Ningde 隻
Xiapu 隻
Zherong 隻
Shouning 個
Zhouning 隻
Fuding 個
Southern Min Xiamen 個
Xiamen (Tong'an) 個
Quanzhou 個
Jinjiang 個
Nan'an 個
Shishi 個
Hui'an 個
Anxi 個
Yongchun 個
Dehua 個
Zhangzhou 個
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 個
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 個
Hua'an 股
Nanjing 股
Pinghe 個
Zhangpu 個
Yunxiao 個
Zhao'an 股
Dongshan 個
Taipei 個
New Taipei (Sanxia) 個
Kaohsiung 個
Yilan 個
Changhua (Lukang) 個
Taichung 個
Taichung (Wuqi) 個
Tainan 個
Taitung 個
Hsinchu 個
Kinmen 個
Penghu (Magong) 個
Penang (Hokkien) 個
Singapore (Hokkien) 個
Manila (Hokkien) 個
Longyan 個
Zhangping 個
Datian 個
Chaozhou 個
Shantou 個, 腳
Shantou (Chenghai) 個
Jieyang 個, 腳, 主
Haifeng 個
Bangkok (Teochew) 個
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 個
Singapore (Teochew) 個
Leizhou 個
Wenchang 個, 枚
Haikou 個, 枚
Singapore (Hainanese) 個
Puxian Min Putian 個
Xianyou 個
Central Min Yong'an 隻
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 個
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 個
Shehua Fu'an 個
Fuding 個
Luoyuan 個
Sanming 個
Shunchang 個
Hua'an 個
Guixi (Zhangping) 個
Cangnan 個
Jingning (Hexi) 個
Lishui 個
Longyou 個
Chaozhou 個
Fengshun 個
Wu Shanghai 個
Shanghai (Chongming) 個
Suzhou 個
Danyang 個
Ningbo 個
Xiangshan 個
Wenzhou 個
Jinhua 個
Xiang Changsha 個, 隻
Loudi 個
Shuangfeng 個
Dialectal synonyms of 個 (“(classifier for bowls)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 個, 隻
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 個
Cantonese Guangzhou 隻
Hong Kong 個, 隻
Southern Min Quanzhou 塊
Yongchun 塊
Tainan 塊
Datian 塊
  • (possessive particle):
Dialectal synonyms of 的 (“possessive particle”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 之
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 的
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 的
Taiwan 的
Malaysia 的
Singapore 的
Central Plains Mandarin Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 的
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 的
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 的
Guilin 的
Kokang 的
Dagudi (Maliba) 的
Reshuitang (Longling) 的
Mae Salong (Lancang) 的
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 的
Pematangsiantar 的
Cantonese Guangzhou 嘅 †
Hong Kong 嘅 †
Macau 嘅 †
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 嘅
Taishan 個, 嘅
Beihai 個
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 個
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 嘅
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 個
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 嘅
Penang (Guangfu) 嘅
Singapore (Guangfu) 嘅
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 嘅
Móng Cái 個
Gan Nanchang 個
Lichuan 個
Hakka Meixian 個
Wuhua (Meilin) 個
Nanxiong (Zhuji) 個
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 個
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 個
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 個
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 個
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 個
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 個
Kuching (Hepo) 嘅
Huizhou Jixi 仂
Jin Taiyuan 的
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 個
Northern Min Jian'ou 個
Eastern Min Fuzhou 其
Southern Min Xiamen 個
Xiamen (Tong'an) 個
Quanzhou 個
Zhangzhou 個
Zhao'an 個
Dongshan 個
Taipei 個
Kaohsiung 個
Tainan 個
Penang (Hokkien) 個
Singapore (Hokkien) 個
Manila (Hokkien) 個
Chaozhou 個 †
Shantou 個 †
Jieyang 個 †
Haifeng 個
Singapore (Teochew) 個 †
Leizhou 個
Wenchang 個
Singapore (Hainanese) 個
Puxian Min Xianyou 兮
Central Min Yong'an 兮
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 個 †
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 嘅
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 嘅
Wu Shanghai 個 †
Suzhou 個 †
Wuxi 個 †
Hangzhou 的 †
Ningbo 個 †
Wenzhou 個 †
Xiang Changsha 的
Loudi 個
Shaoyang 個
Note † - may use corresponding classifier in certain contexts
  • (yuan; dollar):
Dialectal synonyms of 元 (“yuan; dollar”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 圓, 元
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 塊
Taiwan 塊
Harbin 塊
Malaysia 塊
Singapore 塊
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 塊
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 塊
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 塊
Wanrong 塊
Xi'an 塊
Xining 塊
Xuzhou 塊
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 塊
Lanzhou 塊
Ürümqi 塊
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 塊
Wuhan 塊
Guiyang 塊
Guilin 塊
Liuzhou 塊
Nanning (Wuming) 塊
Shanglin (Sanli) 塊
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 塊
Yangzhou 塊
Hefei 塊
Cantonese Guangzhou 蚊, 蚊雞, 雞士, 個, 銀
Hong Kong 蚊, 蚊雞, 雞士, 個, 銀, 雞嘢
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 蚊
Macau 蚊
Guangzhou (Panyu) 蚊
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 蚊
Guangzhou (Conghua) 蚊
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 蚊
Foshan 蚊
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 文
Foshan (Shunde) 蚊
Foshan (Sanshui) 蚊雞
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 蚊雞
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 蚊
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 蚊
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 蚊
Zhuhai (Doumen) 蚊
Jiangmen (Baisha) 蚊
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 蚊
Taishan 蚊
Kaiping (Chikan) 蚊
Enping (Niujiang) 蚊
Heshan (Yayao) 蚊
Dongguan 蚊, 蚊雞
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 蚊
Qingyuan 蚊
Fogang 蚊
Yingde (Hanguang) 蚊
Yangshan 蚊
Lianshan (Butian) 蚊
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 蚊
Shaoguan 蚊
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 蚊
Renhua 蚊雞
Lechang 蚊
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 蚊
Sihui 蚊雞
Deqing 蚊
Huaiji 蚊
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 蚊
Yunfu 蚊
Xinxing 蚊
Luoding 蚊
Yunan (Pingtai) 蚊
Yangjiang 蚊, 個
Lianjiang 蚊
Nanning 蚊
Hepu (Lianzhou) 蚊
Qinzhou 蚊
Beihai 蚊
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 蚊
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 蚊
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 蚊
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 箍, 蚊
Penang (Guangfu) 蚊
Singapore (Guangfu) 蚊, 箍
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 蚊
Móng Cái 蚊
Gan Nanchang 塊
Lichuan 塊
Pingxiang 塊
Hakka Meixian 塊
Xingning 吊
Yudu 塊
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 個
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 個
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 個
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 個
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 個
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 銀, 箍
Hong Kong 塊, 蚊
Sabah (Longchuan) 箍
Senai (Huiyang) 箍
Kuching (Hepo) 箍
Singkawang 盾
Singapore (Dabu) 箍
Huizhou Jixi 塊
Jin Taiyuan 塊
Xinzhou 塊
Northern Min Jian'ou 塊
Pucheng (Shibei) 塊
Eastern Min Fuzhou 塊
Fuqing 塊
Matsu 塊
Southern Min Xiamen 箍
Xiamen (Tong'an) 箍
Quanzhou 箍
Shishi 箍
Zhangzhou 箍
Zhao'an 箍
Dongshan 箍
Taipei 箍
New Taipei (Sanxia) 箍
Kaohsiung 箍
Yilan 箍
Changhua (Lukang) 箍
Taichung 箍
Tainan 箍
Hsinchu 箍
Kinmen 箍
Penghu (Magong) 箍
Penang (Hokkien) 箍
Singapore (Hokkien) 箍
Manila (Hokkien) 箍
Chaozhou 銀, 箍, 個, 個銀
Shantou 銀, 個, 箍 dated, 個銀
Shantou (Chenghai) 銀
Jieyang 個, 個銀
Haifeng 個銀
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 箍
Singapore (Teochew) 箍, 個銀
Leizhou 個
Wenchang 銀, 個
Haikou 個銀, 銀
Qionghai 銀
Singapore (Hainanese) 箍
Puxian Min Putian 個
Xianyou 個
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 蚊
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 蚊, 蚊雞
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 塊
Wu Shanghai 塊
Shanghai (Chongming) 塊
Suzhou 塊
Danyang 塊
Hangzhou 塊
Wenzhou 個
Jinhua 塊
Xiang Changsha 塊
Loudi 塊
Shuangfeng 塊
Quanzhou 塊
  • (this):
Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 這
Taiwan 這
Chengde 這
Chifeng 這
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 這
Heihe 這
Qiqihar 這
Jiamusi 這
Baicheng 這
Changchun 這
Tonghua 這
Shenyang 這
Jinzhou 這
Malaysia 這
Singapore 這
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 這
Tangshan 這
Cangzhou 這
Baoding 這
Shijiazhuang 這
Lijin 這
Jinan 這
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 這
Dandong 這
Yantai 這
Qingdao 這
Zhucheng 這
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 這
Jining 這
Linfen 這
Shangqiu 這
Yuanyang 這
Zhengzhou 這
Xinyang 這
Baihe 這
Xi'an 這
Baoji 這
Tianshui 這
Xining 這
Xuzhou 這
Pizhou 這
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 這
Donghai 這
Fuyang 這
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 這
Lanzhou 這
Dunhuang 這
Hami 這
Ürümqi 這
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 這
Nanchong 這
Dazhou 這
Hanyuan 這
Xichang 這
Zigong 這
Chongqing 這
Wuhan 這
Yichang 這
Tianmen 這
Guiyang 這
Zunyi 這
Bijie 這
Liping 這
Zhaotong 這
Dali 這
Kunming 這
Mengzi 這
Guilin 這
Liuzhou 這
Jishou 這
Changde 這
Hanzhong 這
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 這
Yangzhou 這
Baoying 這
Taizhou 這
Zhenjiang 這
Lianyungang 這
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 這
Lianshui 這
Xuyi 這
Nantong 這
Rugao 這
Yancheng 這
Funing 這
Sihong 這
Wuhu 這
Hefei 這
Hong'an 這
Cantonese Guangzhou 呢, 依
Hong Kong 呢, 依
Macau 呢
Taishan 該
Dongguan 呢
Yangjiang 果
Nanning 阿
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 呢
Singapore (Guangfu) 呢, 依
Gan Nanchang 箇
Nanchang (Wangcheng) 箇
Anyi 箇
Lushan 箇
Duchang 箇
Wuning (Quankou) 該
Poyang 箇
Yugan 該
Wannian 該
Yanshan 這
Yichun 箇
Yifeng 箇
Gao'an 箇
Fengxin 箇
Shanggao 里
Wanzai 箇
Fengcheng 該
Xinyu 該
Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 該
Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 箇
Nancheng 箇
Nanfeng 箇
Yihuang 箇
Lichuan 該
Chongren 該
Pingxiang 該
Ji'an 蓋
Taihe 箇
Xiajiang 該
Yingtan (Yujiang) 箇
Guixi 箇
Jianning 個
Jinxian 箇
Jinxi 箇
Le'an 該
Guangchang 改
Suichuan 底
Wan'an 介
Jing'an 箇
Zhangshu 該
Xingan 個
Fenyi 改
Hakka Changting 爾
Ninghua 只
Qingliu 這
Yudu 底
Ningdu 底
Ruijin 底
Shicheng 底
Xunwu 底
Huichang 底
Xingguo 界
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 這
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 這
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 這
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 這
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 這
Hong Kong 這
Huizhou Jixi 爾
Shexian 這
Wuyuan 伊
Jin Taiyuan 這
Yangyuan 這
Datong 這
Xinzhou 這
Lüliang (Lishi) 這
Changzhi 這
Linhe 這
Jining 這
Hohhot 這
Erenhot 這
Pingshan 這
Zhangjiakou 這
Handan 這
Suide 這
Northern Min Jian'ou 𱕇
Eastern Min Fuzhou 只, 者, 嚽
Fuzhou (Changle) 這
Lianjiang 這
Fuqing 者
Pingtan 這
Yongtai 這
Minqing 這
Gutian 這
Pingnan 這
Luoyuan 這
Fu'an 這
Ningde 這
Xiapu 這
Zherong 這
Shouning 這
Zhouning 這
Fuding 這
Singapore (Fuqing) 這
Southern Min Xiamen 這
Xiamen (Tong'an) 這
Quanzhou 只, 這
Jinjiang 這
Nan'an 這
Shishi 這
Hui'an 這
Anxi 這
Yongchun 這
Dehua 這
Zhangzhou 這
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 這
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 這
Hua'an 這
Nanjing 這
Pinghe 這
Zhangpu 這
Yunxiao 這
Zhao'an 只
Dongshan 這
Taipei 這
Kinmen 這
Penang (Hokkien) 這
Singapore (Hokkien) 這
Manila (Hokkien) 這
Longyan 迄好
Zhangping 這
Chaozhou 只
Shantou 只
Jieyang 只
Haifeng 只
Singapore (Teochew) 只
Batam (Teochew) 只
Wenchang 這
Haikou 這
Singapore (Hainanese) 這
Puxian Min Putian 只蜀
Xianyou 只蜀
Central Min Yong'an 這
Sanming (Shaxian) 這
Shaojiang Min Guangze 當
Jiangle 者
Mingxi 只
Shunchang 這
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亞
Shehua Cangnan 這
Jingning (Hexi) 個
Wu Shanghai 搿, 迭 dated, 第 obsolete
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搿
Shanghai (Fengxian) 格
Shanghai (Jinshan) 格
Shanghai (Chongming) 吉, 講, 葛 also that
Suzhou 該, 搿
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 個
Wuxi 意
Changshu 俚
Jiaxing 葛
Jiashan 葛
Pinghu 葛
Haining (Yanguan) 葛
Tongxiang 葛
Haiyan 葛
Changzhou 資
Danyang 格
Nanjing (Gaochun) 格
Huzhou 格
Changxing 格
Anji 格
Deqing 葛
Hangzhou 葛
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 葛
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 葛
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 葛
Tonglu 葛
Tonglu (Wusheng) 個個
Shaoxing 咸
Zhuji 咸
Shengzhou 咸
Xinchang 咸
Ningbo 葛
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 葛
Yuyao 耶
Cixi 葛
Taizhou (Huangyan) 葛
Tiantai 葛
Sanmen 葛
Wenling 葛, 格
Wenzhou 個
Yueqing 個
Yongjia (Fenglin) 個
Rui'an 個
Pingyang 個
Taishun 這
Wencheng 個
Lishui 已
Qingtian 已
Jinyun 已
Songyang (Xiping) 益
Yunhe 益
Qingyuan 這
Longquan 搭
Suichang 益
Jiangshan 益
Changshan 益
Kaihua 益
Longyou 個
Jinhua 等, 待
Yiwu 吾
Yongkang 個
Pujiang 這, 吉
Dongyang 個
Wuyi 愛個
Lanxi 個
Shangrao 這
Shangrao (Guangfeng) 伊
Yushan 伊
Xiang Changsha 咯
Shuangfeng 咯

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (個):
  • → Japanese: 個(こ) (ko)
  • → Korean: 개(個) (gae)
  • → Vietnamese: cá (個)

Others:

  • Wutunhua: -ge
  • →? Baba Malay: punya (semantic loan)
  • →? Vietnamese: cái

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “dê”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 99; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 99

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
個

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: か (ka)
  • Kan-on: か (ka)
  • Tō-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)

Counter

[edit]
Kanji in this term
個
こ
Grade: 5
tōon
Alternative spelling
㐰

個(こ) • (-ko) 

  1. item, article, thing
    あの枝(えだ)に桜(さくら)ん坊(ぼ)が十(じゅう)二(に)個(こ)だけあります。
    Ano eda ni sakuranbo ga jūni-ko dake arimasu.
    There are only twelve cherries on that branch.

Usage notes

[edit]

This is one of the most common counter words in Japanese. It can be used to count small, round objects.

See also

[edit]
Japanese number-counter combinations for 個(こ) (ko)
1 2 3 4 5
一(いっ)個(こ) (ikko) 二(に)個(こ) (niko) 三(さん)個(こ) (sanko) 四(よん)個(こ) (yonko) 五(ご)個(こ) (goko)
6 7 8 9 10
六(ろっ)個(こ) (rokko) 七(なな)個(こ) (nanako) 八(はっ)個(こ) (hakko) 九(きゅう)個(こ) (kyūko) 十(じゅっ)個(こ) (jukko)
100 1,000 10,000 How many?
百(ひゃっ)個(こ) (hyakko) 千(せん)個(こ) (senko) 一(いち)万(まん)個(こ) (ichimanko) 何(なん)個(こ) (nanko)

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

個 (eumhun 낱 개 (nat gae))

  1. hanja form? of 개 (“a piece”)
  2. hanja form? of 개 (“a unit”)
  3. hanja form? of 개 (“an item”)

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

個: Hán Nôm readings: cá, cái

  1. generic classifier

References

[edit]
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