u

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See also: U, ս, and Appendix:Variations of "u"

Template:character info/new Template:character info/new

Translingual

Etymology 1

Latin V, from which U derived Minuscule variation of U, a modern variation of classical Latin V, from seventh century Old Latin adoption of Old Italic letter 𐌖 (V).

Letter

u (upper case U)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • IPA:(file)

Symbol

u

  1. (metrology) symbol for unified atomic mass unit
  2. (IPA, phonetics) Used in the International Phonetic Alphabet and in several romanization systems of non-Latin scripts to represent a close back rounded vowel (/u/).
  3. (physics) up quark
  • Letter styles
  • Capital and lowercase versions of U, in normal and italic type
    Capital and lowercase versions of U, in normal and italic type
  • Uppercase and lowercase U in Fraktur
    Uppercase and lowercase U in Fraktur

See also

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Character=U
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Other representations of U:

English

Etymology

Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚢ (u, “ur”)
Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚢ (u, “ur”)

From Middle English lower case letter v (also written u), from Old English lower case u, from 7th century replacement by lower case u of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚢ (u, “ur”), derived from Raetic letter u.

Before the 1700s, the pointed form v was written at the beginning of a word, while a rounded form u was used elsewhere, regardless of sound. So whereas valor and excuse appeared as in modern printing, have and upon were printed haue and vpon. Eventually, in the 1700s, to differentiate between the consonant and vowel sounds, the v form was used to represent the consonant, and u the vowel sound. v then preceded u in the alphabet, but the order has since reversed.

Pronunciation

Letter name
Phoneme
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  • Audio (CAN):(file)
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  • Audio (GA):(file)
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA or enPR then please add some!
Particularly: “Canada”

Letter

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lower=u
upper=U
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u (lower case, upper case U, plural us or u's)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, called u and written in the Latin script.
    I prefer the u in Arial to the one in Times New Roman.

See also

Noun

u (plural ues)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter U/u.
  2. A thing in the shape of the letter U

See also

Translations

Derived terms

Pronoun

u (second person, singular or plural, nominative or objective)

  1. (abbreviation, slang, text messaging, Internet) you (in text messaging and internet conversations)
    Take me with u.

Adjective

u

  1. Abbreviation of underwater.

Derived terms

Acehnese

Pronunciation

Noun

u

  1. coconut (fruit of the coco palm)

References

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Dutch u.

Pronoun

u

  1. (formal) you (singular, subject and object)

See also

Afrikaans personal pronouns
subjective objective possessive determiner possessive pronoun
singular 1st ek my myne
2nd jy jou joune
2nd, formal u u s’n
3rd, masc hy hom sy syne
3rd, fem sy haar hare
3rd, neut dit sy syne
plural 1st ons ons s’n
2nd julle / jul1 julle s’n
3rd hulle / hul1 hulle s’n
1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence.

Etymology 2

From Dutch uw.

Determiner

u

  1. (formal) your (singular)

See also

Afrikaans personal pronouns
subjective objective possessive determiner possessive pronoun
singular 1st ek my myne
2nd jy jou joune
2nd, formal u u s’n
3rd, masc hy hom sy syne
3rd, fem sy haar hare
3rd, neut dit sy syne
plural 1st ons ons s’n
2nd julle / jul1 julle s’n
3rd hulle / hul1 hulle s’n
1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence.

Ajië

Pronunciation

Verb

u

  1. to swim

References

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *wa, from Proto-Indo-European *su̯om.

Pronoun

u

  1. reflexive pronoun

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin aut.

Conjunction

u

  1. or

Aromanian

Etymology

Probably from an early (proto-Romanian) root *eaua, from Latin illam, accusative feminine singular of ille. Compare Romanian o.

Pronoun

u f (short/unstressed accusative form of ea)

  1. (direct object) her
  • ãl (masculine equivalent)
  • li (plural)

Asturian

Etymology 1

From Latin aut.

Conjunction

u

  1. or

Etymology 2

From Latin ubi.

Pronoun

u

  1. where (relative pronoun)

Adverb

u

  1. where

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

Letter

u lower case (upper case U)

  1. The twenty-eighth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Catalan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

u f (plural us)

  1. The Latin letter U (lowercase u).

Etymology 2

Noun

u m (plural uns)

  1. one

Corsican

Article

u m

  1. the

Pronoun

u m

  1. him, it

Czech

Pronunciation

Preposition

u + genitive

  1. at
  2. by

Dutch

Etymology

Originally the accusative/dative form of jij/gij, from Middle Dutch u, from Old Dutch iu, from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, West Germanic variant of *izwiz, dative/accusative of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Doublet of jou.

The use as a nominative stems from an original possessive uwe edelheid (“your nobility, your gentility”), which was later shortened to U E. and finally to u.

Cognate with West Frisian jo, Low German jo, ju, English you, German euch.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

u

  1. (personal, second-person singular, subjective) you (polite).
    Bent u klaar? ― Are you ready?
    Bent u er nog? ― Are you still there?
  2. (personal, second-person singular, objective) you (polite).
    Ik zal het aan u geven. ― I will give it to you.
    Dit zal niet werken voor u. ― This won’t work for you.
  3. (personal, second-person singular, objective) thee (dialectal).
    Ik doe dat wel voor u. ― I’ll do it for thee.
  4. (personal, second-person plural, subjective) you (polite).
    Hebt u die oefening gemaakt? ― Have you prepared that exercise?
  5. (personal, second-person plural, objective) you (polite).
    Ze zullen dat wel voor u doen. ― They’ll do it for you.
  6. (reflexive, second-person singular) thyself (dialectal)
    Gij hebt u niet gewassen. ― Thou hast not washed thyself.
  7. (reflexive, second-person plural) yourselves (dialectal)
    Wast u eens. ― Wash yourselves.

Usage notes

  • The capitalization of u (as in U or Uw) is now considered old-fashioned, and no longer compulsory. In religious contexts, it is still often capitalized, when addressing God.
  • See usage notes at gij.

Inflection

Dutch personal pronouns
subject object possessive reflexive genitive5
singular full unstr. full unstr. full unstr. pred.
1st person ik 'k1 mij me mijn m'n1 mijne me mijner, mijns
2nd person jij je jou je jouw je jouwe je jouwer, jouws
2nd person archaic or regiolectal gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe zich uwer, uws
3rd person masculine hij ie1 hem 'm1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
3rd person feminine zij ze haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 hare zich harer, haars
3rd person neuter het 't1 het 't1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
plural
1st person wij we ons – ons, onze2 – onze ons onzer, onzes
2nd person jullie je jullie je jullie je – je –
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe zich uwer, uws
3rd person zij ze hen3, hun4 ze hun – hunne zich hunner, huns
1) Not as common in written language.
2) Inflected as an adjective.
3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative).
4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). 		5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions.
6) To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people").

Alternative forms

  • (Brabantian) a

Synonyms

Letter

u (lower case, upper case U)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Dutch alphabet.

See also

  • Previous letter: t
  • Next letter: v

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Letter

u (lower case, upper case U)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called u and written in the Latin script.

See also

Noun

u (accusative singular u-on, plural u-oj, accusative plural u-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter U/u.

See also

Faroese

Pronunciation

Letter

u (upper case U)

  1. The twenty-third letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Finnish

Pronunciation

Letter

u (lower case, upper case U)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Finnish alphabet, called uu and written in the Latin script.

See also

French

Pronunciation

Noun

u m (plural u)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter U/u.

Fula

Pronunciation

Letter

u (lower case, upper case U)

  1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

See also

Galician

Etymology 1

From Latin ū.

Pronunciation

Noun

u m (plural us)

  1. the name of the letter U.

Etymology 2

From Latin ubi.

Pronunciation

Adverb

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  1. (archaic) where, whereby
    • 1264, E. Portela Silva (ed.), La región del obispado de Tuy en los siglos XII a XV. Santiago: Tip. El Eco Franciscano, page 364:
      pelo camino que vay peraa devesa de valadares asy como vay o porto do rrio u pasan os carros
      by the road that goes to the wood of Valadares as it goes by the ford of the river where the carts cross
    Synonym: onde
  2. where (interrogative adverb)
    U-los libros? ― Where are the books?
    Synonym: onde

References

Gothic

Romanization

u

  1. Romanization of 𐌿

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese tu.

Pronoun

u

  1. you (second person singular).

Ido

Pronunciation

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Letter

u (upper case U)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Interlingue

Adverb

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  1. where

Italian

Etymology

From Latin ū (the name of the letter V).

Pronunciation

Noun

u f (uncountable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter U/u.

See also

Japanese

Romanization

u

  1. Rōmaji transcription of う
  2. Rōmaji transcription of ウ

Latin

Pronunciation

Noun

ū f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter V.

Coordinate terms

References

  • u in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • anger is defined as a passionate desire for revenge: iracundiam sic (ita) definiunt, ut ulciscendi libidinem esse dicant or ut u. libido sit or iracundiam sic definiunt, ulc. libidinem
  • “u”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Latvian

Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Letter

U

u (lower case, upper case U)

  1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called u and written in the Latin script.

See also

Pronunciation

Noun

u m (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter U/u.

See also

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

Letter

u (upper case U)

  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Lithuanian alphabet, called u trumpoji and written in the Latin script.

See also

Livonian

Pronunciation

Letter

u (upper case U)

  1. The thirty-fifth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Malay

Letter

u (lower case, upper case U)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Maltese

Alternative forms

  • w (before a vowel; also after a vowel, unless the following word begins with a consonant cluster)

Etymology

From Arabic وَ (wa), from Proto-Semitic *wa. Cognate with Hebrew וְ־ (wə-).

Conjunction

u

  1. and; used to connect words, phrases, etc.

Mauritian Creole

Pronoun

u (informal to)

  1. Alternative spelling of ou

See also

Mauritian Creole personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person mo
mwa (objective) 		nou
2nd person to (informal), ou (formal)
twa (objective) 		zot
3rd person li zot, bann-la

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch iuwa, from Proto-Germanic *izweraz.

Determiner

u

  1. your (plural)
  2. your (singular, informal)
Usage notes

See the usage notes for gi.

Descendants
  • Dutch: uw
  • Limburgish: eur

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

u

  1. accusative/dative of gi
Descendants
  • Dutch: u

Further reading

  • “uwe”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “u (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

Middle English

Noun

u

  1. Alternative form of ew

Middle French

Etymology

From Latin u, v.

Letter

u

  1. u (letter)
  2. v (letter)

Usage notes

  • u and v were represented by a single character in Middle French, although scholars consider them to be separate letters both in terms of usage and in terms of pronunciation.

Middle High German

Pronoun

ū

  1. (personal pronoun, dative, Middle German) Alternative form of iu.

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

Pronoun

û

  1. (personal pronoun, dative, accusative) Alternative form of jû.
  2. (possessive) Alternative form of jû.

Declension

Possessive pronoun:

Declension of u
nominative accusative dative genitive
Strong declension
Masculine û ûwen ûwem(e) (ûwennote) ûwes
Neuter û
Feminine ûwe ûwer(e)
Plural ûwe ûwen ûwer(e)
Weak declension
Masculine ûwe ûwen ûwen
Neuter ûwe
Feminine ûwen
Plural ûwen
The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period.

Norman

Norman Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nrm

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old French ueil, from Vulgar Latin oclus, from Latin oculus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).

Noun

u m (plural uûs or uur)

  1. (France, anatomy) eye

Norwegian

Pronunciation

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /ʉː/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /ʉː/, /ʉ/, /ʊ/
  • Audio:(file)

Letter

u

  1. The 21st letter of the Norwegian alphabet

Old French

Etymology 1

From Latin ubi.

Adverb

u

  1. Alternative form of ou (“where”)
    • c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou‎[2]:
      Dez ke Richart le sout, un espie enveia
      Saveir u Thiebaut ert, e combien gent il a.
      As soon as Richard knew about it, he sent a spy
      to know where Thibalt was, and how many people he had with him.
Descendants
  • Middle French: ou

Etymology 2

From Latin u, v.

Letter

u

  1. u (letter)
  2. v (letter)
Usage notes
  • u and v were represented by a single character in Old French, although scholars consider them to be separate letters both in terms of usage and in terms of pronunciation.

Old Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin ubi.

Pronunciation

Adverb

u

  1. where

Descendants

  • Galician: u
  • Portuguese: u

Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew.

Pronunciation

Preposition

u (+ genitive)

  1. at

Further reading

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Letter

u (lower case, upper case U)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

u m (plural us)

  1. u (name of the letter U, u)

See also

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese u, from Latin ubi. Cognate with Galician u, French où, Italian ove and Romanian iuo.

Adverb

u

  1. (obsolete) where
Synonyms

Etymology 3

Article

u m

  1. Eye dialect spelling of o.

Pumpokol

Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔaw (/ *ʔu) ("thou").

Pronoun

u

  1. you (second-person plural subjective)

Synonyms

Romanian

Pronunciation

Letter

u (lowercase, capital U)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Romanian alphabet representing the phoneme /u/. Preceded by ţ and followed by v.

Romansch

Etymology

From Latin aut.

Conjunction

u

  1. or

Rumu

Noun

u

  1. water

References

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Alternative forms

  • (uppercase) U

Letter

u (Cyrillic spelling у)

  1. The 27th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by t and followed by v.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *vъ(n).

Preposition

u (Cyrillic spelling у)

  1. (+ locative case) in, at (without change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ)
    biti u školi ― to be in school
    u c(ij)elom društvu ― in the whole society
  2. (+ accusative case) to, into (with change of position, answering the question kùda)
    ići u školu ― to go to school
    putovati u Ameriku ― to travel to America
  3. (+ accusative case) on, in, at, during (in expressions concerning time)
    u podne ― at noon
    u sr(ij)edu ― on Wednesday
    u zoru ― at dawn
    U koliko sati? ― At what time?
  4. (+ locative case) in, during (in expressions concerning time)
    u jednom danu ― in one day
    u mladosti ― during one's youth

Etymology 3

From Proto-Slavic *u.

Preposition

u (Cyrillic spelling у)

  1. (+ genitive case) chez

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

Letter

u (upper case U)

  1. The thirty-first letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Somali

Preposition

u

  1. to
  2. for

Usage notes

  • In Somali, prepositions fall before the verb and not before the noun they modify:
    u sheeg -- to tell (lit. to call to)
    u keen -- to bring to

Spanish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Letter

u (lower case, upper case U)

  1. The 22nd letter of the Spanish alphabet.

Noun

u f (plural úes)

  1. Name of the letter U.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Conjunction

u

  1. or
Alternative forms
  • ú (obsolete)
Usage notes

Used instead of o when the following word starts with a vowel sound which is pronounced /o/.

Further reading

Swahili

Verb

u

  1. (uncommon, archaic) you are; thou art
    u hali gani? ― how are you doing?
    Pepo waliwatoka watu wengi, wakapiga kelele wakisema: "Wewe u Mwana wa Mungu!" ― Demons came out of many people, shouting, "You are the Son of God!"

Usage notes

This term is archaic except in the common greeting u hali gani. Along with m and ni it is not conjugated.

See also

Swedish

Pronunciation

Letter name
Phoneme

Letter

u (lower case, upper case U)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Swedish alphabet, called u and written in the Latin script.

Tolai

Pronoun

u

  1. Second-person singular pronoun: you (singular)

Declension

Tolai personal pronouns
singular dual paucal plural
1st person exclusive iau amir
mir 		amital
mital 		avet
ave1
1st person inclusive - dor datal dat
da1
2nd person u amur
mur 		amutal
mutal 		avat
ava1
3rd person ia
i 		dir
di 		dital diat
dia1
1) The plural pronouns lose the final -t when preceding a verb.


Torres Strait Creole

Noun

u

  1. (eastern dialect) a mature coconut

Usage notes

U is the sixth stage of coconut growth. It is preceded by pes and followed by drai koknat.

Turkish

Letter

u (lower case, upper case U)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called u and written in the Latin script.

See also


Noun

u

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter U/u.

See also

Turkmen

Pronunciation

  • (phoneme) IPA(key): /u/, /uː/

Letter

u (upper case U)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called u and written in the Latin script.

See also

Tzotzil

Pronunciation

Noun

u

  1. moon
  2. month

Synonyms

References

Uyghur

Romanization

u

  1. Latin (ULY) transcription of ئۇ (u)

Uzbek

Pronoun

u (Cyrillic у)

  1. Demonstrative pronoun used to indicate a thing that is far away from the speaker. that.
    • U eshik. ― That is a door. / That door.

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

u • (𡠄)

  1. (Northern Vietnam) mother; mom
Synonyms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *ʔuː (“hump (of a zebu)”).

Noun

(classifier khối, cục) u • (幽, 𢉾)

  1. excrescence; protuberance; swelling
  2. (oncology, pathology) tumor
Derived terms
Derived terms
See also

Verb

u

  1. to get bumpy; to swell

Etymology 3

From Portuguese u.

Noun

u

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter U/u.

Volapük

Conjunction

u

  1. or

Alternative forms

  1. (in front of vowels) ud

Zou

Noun

u

  1. sister

References

Zulu

Letter

u (lower case, upper case U)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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