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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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From {{inh-lite| |
From {{inh-lite|frr|ofs|siā}}, from {{inh|frr|gem-pro|*sehwaną}} |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
Revision as of 13:48, 28 May 2022
Translingual
Proper noun
se
English
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
se (plural ses)
Translations
Anagrams
Abinomn
Noun
se
Afrikaans
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Dutch zijn, z'n (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s as well as, perhaps, the adjective suffix -s, -sch.
Pronunciation
Particle
se
- follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
- Dis my ouma se huis. — This is my grandmother’s house.
See also
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kʷe-, *kʷ(e)i- (“how, what”). Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.
Pronunciation
Conjunction
se
- that, as, when
- Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj. — It seems to me that you need some new friends.
- Im vëlla më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri. — My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.
Related terms
Bonan
Etymology
From Proto-Mongolic *usun.
Pronunciation
Noun
se
References
- Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu), Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan, SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS (Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA), November 1994
- Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os
Breton
Pronoun
se
Catalan
Etymology
Pronoun
se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')
- himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
- oneself (direct or indirect object)
- themselves (direct or indirect object)
- each other (direct or indirect object)
Usage notes
- -se is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩, or between some adverbs/pronouns and a verb. In some varieties of Catalan (Balearic/Valencian) it can also occur in sentence-initial position.
- The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.
Declension
Central Huasteca Nahuatl
Pronunciation
Numeral
se
- one (number).
Central Nahuatl
Numeral
se
- one.
Cimbrian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.
Pronoun
se
Inflection
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | iar |
3rd person | er, si, 'z | se |
References
- “se” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Coatepec Nahuatl
Numeral
se
- one.
Czech
Etymology
From Old Czech sě, from Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se (reflexive pronoun)
Declension
Synonyms
Related terms
Preposition
se (also s)
Further reading
Dalmatian
Etymology
Pronoun
se
Danish
Etymology
From Old Danish se, from Old Norse [[sjá#Old Norse|(East) *sēa]], (Old Norse [[sjá#Old Norse|(West) sjá]]), from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, cognate with English see, German sehen, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
Pronunciation
Verb
se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)
- to see
- (reciprocal passive) to see each other
Conjugation
reciprocal
Dimasa
Numeral
sé
Esperanto
Etymology
Borrowed from Italian se, influenced by French si and Latin sī.
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Conjunction
se
Ewe
Pronunciation
Noun
se (plural sewo)
Fala
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē.
Pronoun
se
- used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent (equivalent to one)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
- Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
- We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.
- reflexive and reciprocal: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:
- Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.
- They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.
Synonyms
- (reflexive): -si
Faroese
Pronunciation
Noun
se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)
- The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.
Declension
Declension of se | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n4 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | se | seið | se | seini |
accusative | se | seið | se | seini |
dative | se, sei | senum | seum | seunum |
genitive | ses | sesins | sea | seanna |
Fijian
Noun
se
Finnish
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.
The oblique stem si- is seen in some forms and is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.
The stem sii- seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases *sissä, *sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se (stems se-, si- and sii-)
- (demonstrative) it
- (demonstrative) that (when the speaker does not point at the thing, either physically or mentally)
- (colloquial and dialectal) he, she
- (colloquial) the (as a definite article; see the usage notes below)
Usage notes
- Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish it is ungrammatical, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
- (standard) Mies tuli luokseni. → (colloquial) Se mies tuli mun luokse.
- The man came to me.
- (standard) Luokseni tuli mies. → (colloquial) Yks mies tuli mun luokse.
- A man came to me.
Determiner
se
- that (not pointed at by the speaker)
Inflection
Irregular.
Declension of se
|
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
- Kven: se
See also
Anagrams
French
Etymology
From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē. See also soi.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se m or f (pre-vocalic s’)
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- (to) himself
- (to) herself
- (to) oneself
- (to) itself
- (to) themselves
- (to) each other
- (Louisiana) The second-person plural reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- Je suis partie à la chasse et faut vous autres se comportes bien. ― I'm going hunting and y'all need to behave yourselves.
Usage notes
- Se becomes s' before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
- Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
- Il est normal de se parler. — It is normal to talk to oneself.
Derived terms
Related terms
See Template:French personal pronouns for other pronouns.
See also
- The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m', te, t', nous, vous.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.
Further reading
- “se”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Galician
Etymology 1
From Old Galician and Old Galician-Portuguese se (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sī.
Conjunction
se
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Alternative forms
Pronoun
se
- accusative/dative of si
References
- Template:R:DDGM
- Template:R:DDLG
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “se”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Garo
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
se
German Low German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
- she
- Se is Anke. — She is Anke (Annie).
Pronoun
se
- they
- Se kaamt ut Bremen. — They come from Bremen.
- 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:
- Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
- 5 gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an. 6 zu ihnen kamen.
- Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
See also
Gun
Pronunciation
Verb
sès
- to hear, to listen
- to understand
Haitian Creole
Etymology
Verb
se
Usage notes
- Use ye at the end of a clause.
- This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou (“for”) or tankou (“like”).
References
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Conjunction
se (clitic)
- Alternative form of sem.
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- (not … either, not even): se in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
- ([folksy, informal] alternative form of sem): se, redirecting to sem in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
Ido
Etymology
Pronunciation
Conjunction
se
- if
- La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. — The clerk would begin to work if he could.
- Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. — If I could, I would buy another house.
Noun
se (plural se-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
See also
- (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze (Category: io:Latin letter names)
Ingrian
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Ala-Laukaa" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈse/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Ylä-Laukaa" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈʃe/ Template:izh-phon
- Hyphenation: se
Pronoun
se
- this, that (not bound to a specific location)
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 63:
- Linnuille höö siihe kagraa siputtiit.
- They sprinkled oats onto it for the birds.
- 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:
- Inmihiset panniit merkille i sen, etti kaik predmetat päivääl, päivytpaiston aikanna, viskajaat kupahaiset.
- People noticed this as well, that all objects during the day, being a sunny time, cast shadows.
Determiner
se
- this, that (not bound to a specific location)
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 40:
- Peen tulo saatii siint pellost.
- A small income was received from this field.
Declension
Declension of se | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | se | neet |
genitive | senen | niijen |
accusative | sen | neet |
partitive | sitä | niitä |
illative | siihe | niihe |
inessive | siin | niis |
elative | siint, siitä | niist |
allative | sille | niille |
adessive | sil | niil |
ablative | silt | niilt |
translative | siks | niiks |
essive | senennä | niinnä |
Derived terms
See also
Ingrian demonstratives | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
proximal | neutral | distal | |||||
singular | tämä (tää) | se | too | ||||
plural | nämät (näät) | neet | noo |
References
- V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 514
- Template:R:izh:Chernyavskij:2005
- Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[3], →ISBN, pages 13-14
Interlingua
Pronoun
se (third person)
- Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
- Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.
- Reciprocal: each other, one another.
- Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?
- Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
- De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen. (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
- Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
- espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")
Usage notes
- (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.
Istriot
Etymology
Conjunction
se
- if
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
- Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
- Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys
- Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
Italian
Etymology 1
From Late Latin se, from Latin sī,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronunciation
Conjunction
se
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
- Alternative form of si
Usage notes
Used when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
See also
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Adverb
se
Conjunction
se
- (archaic) Alternative form of così: if (only); even if
- se Dio ti lasci, lettor, prender frutto / di tua lezione ― even if God leaves you, reader, take fruit of your lesson (Dante)
Usage notes
- Used to express a conditional with the implicit hope on the part of the speaker that something does or does not happen. Always followed by the subjunctive.
References
- se in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
- ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951
Japanese
Romanization
se
Kalasha
Etymology
From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.
Pronoun
se
Coordinate terms
See also
Karelian
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronunciation
Determiner
se
Pronoun
se
Declension
See also
Karelian demonstratives | |||
---|---|---|---|
proximate | medial | distal | |
singular | tämä | še | tuo |
plural | nämä | ne | nuo |
In South Karelian, the medial determiners are used instead of the distal series. Dialectally, the determiners are used as in North Karelian, distinguishing all three series. |
Karelian personal pronouns | |||
---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | |
singular | mie | šie | hiän |
plural | myö | työ | hyö |
References
- P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, page 58
Kven
Etymology
From Finnish se, from Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., from Proto-Uralic *śe.
Pronunciation
Determiner
se
Pronoun
se
Declension
Synonyms
- (he, she): hän
See also
References
- Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 278
Ladin
Etymology
Pronoun
se
- (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
- (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.
Lashi
Pronunciation
Verb
se
- to know
- to be able to
References
- Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[4], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /seː/, [s̠eː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /se/, [sɛː]
Audio (Classical): (file)
Pronoun
sē (accusative and ablative, no nominative)
- (reflexive pronoun) the accusative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
- Vōcālis est littera quae per sē syllabam facere potest. ― A vowel is a letter that can form a syllable by itself.
- Quīntus quōmodo sē habet hodiē? ― How's Quintus doing today? (literally, “is holding himself”)
- In mare sē praecipitāvit. ― He drowned himself in the ocean.
- (reflexive pronoun) the ablative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun
Usage notes
- sēsē is very common as the emphatic form of the accusative pronoun, especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause.
Declension
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | ēius | eī | eum | eō | ēius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
Derived terms
Descendants
Ligurian
Etymology
From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).
Pronunciation
Conjunction
se
Livonian
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronoun
se
Declension
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
- myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
- each other, one another
- used to form passives
Derived terms
References
- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “se”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Luxembourgish
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
- unstressed form of si
Declension
See Template:lb-decl-personal pronouns for declension.
Malay
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : se | ||
Alternative forms
Etymology
Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa.
Pronunciation
Numeral
se (Jawi spelling س)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Maltese
Alternative forms
Etymology
Sometimes thought to have been inherited from Arabic سَ (sa), from سَوْفَ (sawfa). However, it is more likely that the similarity is entirely coincidental and that Maltese se(r) is merely a shortened form of sejjer.
Pronunciation
Particle
se
- Indicates a future tense.
Mandarin
Romanization
se
- Nonstandard spelling of sè.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Middle Dutch
Pronoun
se
- accusative of si (“they”)
Middle English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.
Adverb
se
Etymology 2
Noun
se
- Alternative form of see (“sea”)
Etymology 3
Noun
se
- Alternative form of see (“see”)
Etymology 4
Pronoun
se
- Alternative form of sche
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French se, from Latin sē.
Pronoun
se
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
- to himself
- to herself
- to oneself
- to itself
- to themselves
- to each other
- ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)
Usage notes
- Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
- Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.
Descendants
- French: se
Middle Low German
Alternative forms
Etymology
Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation
- Stem vowel: ê⁴
Pronoun
sê
- (third person singular female nominative) she
- her (accusative of sê)
- (third person plural nominative) they
- them (accusative of sê)
Declension
See Template:gml-perpron for declension.
Descendants
Neapolitan
Etymology
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
- reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.
Nheengatu
Etymology
From Old Tupi xe. Cognate with Guaraní che.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: se
- Rhymes: -e
Pronoun
se
- (second-class) first-person singular personal pronoun (I, me, my)
- Se akanhemu aikú nhaãsé se kirá aikú.
- I am scared because I am fat.
- Aé uputari upitá se irũmu.
- He wants to stay with me.
- Se manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.
- My mother enters the new house.
Usage notes
- As a second-class pronoun, se is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun se is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama and supé. Finally, se is used as a possessive pronoun as well.
See also
singular | first-class pronoun | second-class pronoun |
---|---|---|
first-person | ixé | se |
second-person | indé | ne |
third-person | aé | i |
plural | first-class pronoun | second-class pronoun |
first-person | yandé | yané |
second-person | penhẽ | pe |
third-person | aintá (or tá) | aintá (or tá) |
References
- ÁVILA, Marcel Twardowsky (2021) Proposta de dicionário nheengatu–português, page 688
- NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2016) Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica, 2nd edition, →ISBN, pages 11 and 108
North Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną
Pronunciation
Verb
se (present se, 2nd singular sjochst, 3rd singular sjocht, past saag, perfect sen)
Northern Kurdish
Etymology
From Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.
Noun
Central Kurdish | سەگ (seg) |
---|
se ?
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.
Pronunciation
Verb
se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)
- to see (perceive with the eyes).
References
- “se” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Old English
Alternative forms
- þē — late nom. masc. sg. form
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation
Article
sē
- the
- sē mōna ― the moon
- sēo sunne ― the sun
- þæt seofonstierre ― the Pleiades
- þā steorran ― the stars
Determiner
sē
- that
- Sele mē þone hamer.
- Give me that hammer.
Pronoun
sē
- that
- Hē fōr hām, and æfter þām ne ġeseah iċ hine nǣfre mā.
- He went home, and after that I never saw him again.
- the one / that one
- Iċ eom sē þe cnocaþ.
- I am the one who knocks.
- Hēo nis sēo þe þū oferreċċan þearft.
- She's not the one you need to convince.
- Rǣtst þū nū þās bōc oþþe þā?
- Are you reading this book right now or that one?
- Hwæðer is þīn, þē þæt swearte hors þē þæt hwīte?
- Which one is yours, the black horse or the white one?
- (relative) that, who, what
- Ne biþ eall þæt glitnaþ nā gold.
- Not everything that glitters is gold.
Declension
Usage notes
- The word "the" was used somewhat more sparingly in Old English than in the modern language. One reason is, English had only recently developed a word for "the" (sē previously only meant "that"), leaving many nouns and phrases which had a definite meaning but which people continued to use without a definite article out of custom. Examples of words which usually went without the word "the" include:
- Names of peoples, such as Engle (“the Angles”), Seaxan (“the Saxons”), and Crēcas (“the Greeks”). Ġelīefst þū þæt Dene magon bēon oferswīðde? (“Do you believe the Danes can be defeated?”).
- All river names. On Temese flēat ān sċip (“A boat was floating on the Thames”).
- A few nouns denoting types of locations, namely sǣ (“the sea”), wudu (“the woods”), and eorþe (“the ground”). Þū fēolle on eorðan and slōge þīn hēafod (“You fell on the ground and hit your head”). Note that eorþe was often used with a definite article when it meant "the Earth."
- "the world," whether expressed with weorold or middanġeard. Iċ eom æt hām on ealre weorolde, þǣr þǣr sind wolcnu and fuglas and mennisċe tēaras (“I feel at home in the whole world, where there are clouds and birds and human tears”).
- A couple abstract concepts, namely sōþ (“the truth”) and ǣ (“the law”). Iċ seċġe ēow sōþ, þæt iċ swerie (“I'm telling you the truth, I swear”).
- Dryhten (“the Lord”).
- morgen (“the morning”) and ǣfen (“the evening”). Iċ ārās on lætne morgen and ēode niðer (“I got up late in the morning and went downstairs”).
- The four seasons, lengten (“spring”), sumor (“summer”), hærfest (“fall”), and winter (“winter”). On sumore hit biþ wearm and on wintra ċeald (“In the summer it's warm and in the winter it's cold”).
- forþġewitennes (“the past”), andweardnes (“the present”), and tōweardnes (“the future”). Þā þe forðġewitennesse ġemunan ne magon, hīe bēoþ ġeniðrode hīe tō ġeedlǣċenne (“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”).
- forma sīþ (“the first time”), ōþer sīþ (“the second time”), etc. Hwæt þōhtest þū þā þū mē forman sīðe ġemēttest? (“What did you think when you met me for the first time?”).
- þīestra (“the dark”). Iċ āwēox, ac iċ nǣfre ne ġeswāc mē þīestra tō ondrǣdenne (“I grew up, but I never stopped being scared of the dark”).
- Genitive phrases could include the word "the" before the head noun, but most often did not. Instead, genitive phrases were commonly formed like possessive phrases in modern English, with the genitive noun preceding the head noun ("John's car," not "the car of John"). Thus “the fall of Rome” was Rōme hryre, literally “Rome's fall,” and “the god of fire” was fȳres god, literally “fire's god.”
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
Descendants
Old French
Etymology 1
Alternative forms
Pronoun
se m or f (invariable)
- himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)
Descendants
- French: se
Etymology 2
Conjunction
se
Descendants
- French: si
Old Frisian
Pronoun
se
Old Irish
Pronunciation
Determiner
se
- Alternative form of so used after palatalized consonants and front vowels
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation
Article
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- definite article: the
- sē māno ― the moon
- demonstrative adjective: that, those
- Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.
Declension
Ometepec Nahuatl
Adjective
se
- one.
Pennsylvania German
Etymology
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
Declension
Phalura
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Determiner
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- the
- that (agr: rem fem / rem non-nom masc)
References
- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[5], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Determiner
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- the
- those (agr: rem)
References
- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[6], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- it
- she (rem fem nom)
References
- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[7], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 4
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- they (rem nom)
References
- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Pilagá
Pronoun
se
- I
- se-take ― I want
References
- 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages
Pipil
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sē Ordinal : achtu Adverbial : seujti Distributive : sejsē ika | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).
Pronunciation
Numeral
sē
- one
- Nikneki semaya se
- I want only one
Article
sē
- a, indefinite article
- Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit
- We saw an owl in the trees
Pronoun
sē
- someone, something, indefinite pronoun
- Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati
- Someone came who said she/he knows you
- Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal
- One of you has to go to buy the food
- Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal
- My mom gave me something for you all
Polish
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
- (colloquial, sometimes proscribed), (stressed) oneself, myself, yourself, itself, etc.
- Synonym: sobie
- Daj se z tym spokój.
- Give it a break.
Further reading
- se in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- se in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (South Brazil) /se/
- Lua error in Module:homophones at line 150: Use of qN= in Template:homophones no longer permitted; use qqN=; in a month or two, qN= will return as left qualifiers
- Hyphenation: se
Etymology 1
From Old Galician-Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē.
Pronoun
se m or f
- third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themself; themselves
- Ela se viu no espelho.
- She saw herself in the mirror.
- third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
- Quando eles se conheceram?
- When did they meet (each other)?
- second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
- E você se diz um professor!
- And you call yourself a teacher!
- forms the passive voice; be; get
- espantar ― to frighten
- espantar-se ― to get frightened (Literally, “to frighten oneself”)
- Da minha casa se vê o mar.
- The sea can be seen from my house. (Literally, "From my house oneself sees the sea.")
- impersonal reflexive pronoun; oneself
- Vive-se bem em Belém.
- One lives well in Belém. (Literally, *"∅ lives oneself well in Belém.")
Usage notes
- When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
- (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
- comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)
- arrepender-se ― to repent
- Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:
- O professor acalmou os alunos.
- The teacher calmed the students down.
- O professor acalmou-se.
- The teacher calmed down.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
See also
See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for further pronouns.
Etymology 2
From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).
Alternative forms
- si (Brazil eye dialect)
Conjunction
se
- if (introduces a condition)
- 2009, Maria Gadú, Altar particular
- Se enfim, você um dia resolver mudar, tirar meu pobre coração do altar, me devolver como se deve ser.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
- Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
- I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!}}
- Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
- Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.
- If you go out, take an umbrella.
- Só começaremos se nos pagarem.
- We will only begin if they pay us.
- Synonym: caso
- Antonyms: caso contrário, senão
- 2009, Maria Gadú, Altar particular
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
Etymology 3
Pronoun
se
Romanian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
Related terms
Romansch
Alternative forms
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adverb
se
Rwanda-Rundi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *cé.
Noun
sé class 1a (plural bāsé class 2a)
Samoan
Article
se
- a (singular indefinite article)
See also
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronoun
se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
- (by extension, impersonal) Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person where the impersonal subject does the verb unto itself
- Kako se zoveš? ― What's your name? (literally, “What do you call yourself?”)
- Kako se to kaže na španjolskom? ― How is that said in Spanish? / How do you say that in Spanish? (literally, “How does it say itself in Spanish?”)
- Ovdje se govori španjolski ― Spanish is spoken here (literally, “Spanish speaks itself here.”)
- Svjetska prvenstva se igraju ljeti. ― World Cups are played during the summer. (literally, “World Cups play themselves during the summer.”)
Declension
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *sь.
Particle
se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- (obsolete) this is; here is
- 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:
- се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
- Here lies Viganj Milošević
- се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
- 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
- oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself (accusative)
- ourselves, yourselves, themselves (accusative)
Inflection
See Template:sl-decl-ppron for inflection.
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /se/ [se]
- Homophones: sé, ce (non-Castilian)
Etymology 1
Pronoun
se m or f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- Third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
- Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person and with usted and ustedes
- ¿Cómo se llama? ― What is your name? (literally, “How do you call yourself?”)
- Se dice que... ― It is said that... (literally, “It says itself that...”)
- Aquí se habla español ― Spanish is spoken here / They speak Spanish here. (literally, “One speaks Spanish here.”)
Usage notes
- (third person reflexive, also used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
Etymology 2
From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).
Alternative forms
Pronoun
se m or f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- Used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las.
- El samaritano se las dio. ― The Samaritan gave them to him.
See also
See Appendix:Spanish pronouns for an overview of Spanish pronouns and Template:es-personal pronouns for a pronoun table.
Etymology 3
Verb
se (main verb saber)
- Misspelling of sé.
Further reading
- “se”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sranan Tongo
Etymology
Noun
se
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish sēa, sē, sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną. Final -g of the past tense form added under influence of the Old Swedish plural form sāgho.
Pronunciation
Verb
se (present ser, preterite såg, supine sett, imperative se)
- to see; use one's sight
- 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie
- Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
- Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandoned one!
- Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
- 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult
- Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
- What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
- Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
- 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie
- to see; to understand
- to see, to visualize; to form a mental picture of
Conjugation
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | se | ses | ||
Supine | sett | setts | ||
Imperative | se | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | sen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | ser | såg | ses | sågs |
Ind. plural1 | se | sågo | ses | sågos |
Subjunctive2 | se | såge | ses | såges |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | seende | |||
Past participle | sedd | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Hypernyms
Derived terms
Related terms
See also
Anagrams
Tarantino
Pronoun
se (impersonal, reflexive)
Ternate
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Preposition
se (Jawi سي)
Usage notes
Se is only used when the referent is human. For non-human referents, toma is used instead.
Alternative forms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Preposition
se (Jawi سي)
- associative preposition: with
- ngori totagi butu se ngori rinongoru ― I go to the market with my younger sibling
- instrumental preposition: with, by, using
- tabu se usipera ― fire the gun (literally, “to shoot with the gun”)
Usage notes
Generally, when se takes a human referent, it is associative, and when se takes a non-human referent, it is instrumental, although exceptions do exist.
Alternative forms
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Conjunction
se (Jawi سي)
- and
- tohida riyaya se ribaba ― I see my mother and my father
- forms compound numbers
- bobato nyagimoi se tofkange ― the (council of) eighteen bobatos (literally, “the ten and eight bobatos”)
References
- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tocharian A
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).
Noun
se m
See also
Turkish
Noun
se
- The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
Tuvaluan
Article
se (indefinite article)
Veps
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronoun
se
Inflection
See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.
Determiner
se
- that (far)
Inflection
See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.
Derived terms
References
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “та, то, тот”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][9], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Volapük
Preposition
se
Welsh
Pronunciation
Verb
se (not mutable)
- (colloquial) Contraction of basai.
West Frisian
Pronoun
se
- Alternative form of sy (“she”)
Pronoun
se
- Alternative form of sy (“they”)
Wutunhua
Pronunciation
40 | ||
← 3 | 4 | 5 → |
---|---|---|
Cardinal: se Ordinal: di-se, xxewa |
Etymology 1
Numeral
se
Etymology 2
Verb
se
- to die
- rolang sho-de je da nga-n-de mula ren se-gu-la diando rolang qhe-lai-li sho-de gu-li.
- As for this thing called ro-langs [type of Tibetan zombie], it is said that if a person among us dies, there will appear a ro-langs instead.
References
- Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
- Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun[10], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
Yoruba
Etymology 1
Alternative forms
- hè (Ìkálẹ̀)
Pronunciation
Verb
sè
- (transitive) to cook
- Ó se ọbẹ̀ ilá. ― He cooked okra soup.
- (transitive) to boil
- Mi ò mọ ẹyin ín sè. ― I don't know how to boil eggs.
Usage notes
- when to cook is intransitive use dáná
- (to boil): when refering to leafy vegetables or meat use bọ̀, when refering to water use hó.
Derived terms
- oúnjẹ sísè (“cooking”)
- sísè (“cooked, cooking”)
- àsè (“banquet”)
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Verb
sé
- (transitive) to block; to shut
- Wọ́n sé fèrèsé náà. ― They blocked that window.
- (transitive) to miss
- Òkúta tí ó jù sé ihò. ― The rock she threw missed the hole.
Derived terms
Zazaki
Pronunciation
Adverb
se
Numeral
se
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual proper nouns
- English terms borrowed from Mandarin
- English terms derived from Mandarin
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɛ
- Rhymes:English/ɛ/1 syllable
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Musical instruments
- English two-letter words
- Abinomn nouns
- Abinomn lemmas
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans particles
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian conjunctions
- Albanian lemmas
- Bonan terms inherited from Proto-Mongolic
- Bonan terms derived from Proto-Mongolic
- Bonan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bonan nouns
- Bonan lemmas
- Breton pronouns
- Breton lemmas
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan pronouns
- Catalan personal pronouns
- Central Huasteca Nahuatl terms with IPA pronunciation
- Central Huasteca Nahuatl numerals
- Central Huasteca Nahuatl lemmas
- Central Huasteca Nahuatl cardinal numbers
- Central Nahuatl numerals
- Central Nahuatl lemmas
- Tlaxcala Central Nahuatl
- Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian pronouns
- Cimbrian personal pronouns
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Luserna Cimbrian
- Coatepec Nahuatl numerals
- Coatepec Nahuatl lemmas
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech 1-syllable words
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech terms with audio pronunciation
- Czech pronouns
- Czech lemmas
- Czech prepositions
- Dalmatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dalmatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Dalmatian terms derived from Latin
- Dalmatian terms inherited from Latin
- Dalmatian pronouns
- Dalmatian lemmas
- Dalmatian reflexive pronouns
- Danish terms derived from Old Danish
- Danish terms inherited from Old Danish
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Danish/eːˀ
- Rhymes:Danish/eːˀ/1 syllable
- Danish lemmas
- Danish verbs
- Danish entries with language name categories using raw markup
- Danish class 5 strong verbs
- Dimasa numerals
- Dimasa lemmas
- Esperanto terms borrowed from Italian
- Esperanto terms derived from Italian
- Esperanto terms derived from French
- Esperanto terms derived from Latin
- Esperanto terms with audio pronunciation
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto conjunctions
- Esperanto BRO1
- Ewe terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ewe nouns
- Ewe lemmas
- Fala terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Fala terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Fala terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Fala terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Fala terms derived from Latin
- Fala terms inherited from Latin
- Fala pronouns
- Fala lemmas
- Fala terms with quotations
- Faroese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese nouns
- Faroese neuter nouns
- fo:Latin letter names
- Fijian nouns
- Fijian lemmas
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish 1-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/e
- Rhymes:Finnish/e/1 syllable
- Finnish pronouns
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish colloquialisms
- Finnish dialectal terms
- Finnish determiners
- Finnish demonstrative pronouns
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:French/ə
- Rhymes:French/ə/1 syllable
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French pronouns
- Louisiana French
- French terms with usage examples
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician conjunctions
- Galician lemmas
- Galician pronoun forms
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Garo nouns
- Garo lemmas
- German Low German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German Low German pronouns
- German Low German lemmas
- Gun terms with IPA pronunciation
- Gun nouns
- Gun lemmas
- Haitian Creole terms derived from French
- Haitian Creole verbs
- Haitian Creole lemmas
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ʃɛ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ʃɛ/1 syllable
- Hungarian conjunctions
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian clitics
- Hungarian two-letter words
- Ido terms derived from Esperanto
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido conjunctions
- Ido lemmas
- Ido nouns
- io:Latin letter names
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ingrian pronouns
- Ingrian demonstrative pronouns
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian terms with quotations
- Ingrian determiners
- Ingrian demonstrative determiners
- Interlingua pronouns
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua terms with usage examples
- Istriot terms derived from Latin
- Istriot terms inherited from Latin
- Istriot conjunctions
- Istriot lemmas
- Italian terms derived from Late Latin
- Italian terms inherited from Late Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/e
- Rhymes:Italian/e/1 syllable
- Italian conjunctions
- Italian lemmas
- Italian terms with usage examples
- Italian pronouns
- Italian adverbs
- Italian archaic terms
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Kalasha terms derived from Sanskrit
- Kalasha terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Kalasha terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Kalasha pronouns
- Kalasha lemmas
- Karelian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Karelian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Karelian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Karelian determiners
- Karelian demonstrative determiners
- Karelian lemmas
- Karelian pronouns
- Karelian personal pronouns
- Karelian demonstrative pronouns
- Kven terms derived from Finnish
- Kven terms inherited from Finnish
- Kven terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Kven terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Kven terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kven determiners
- Kven demonstrative determiners
- Kven lemmas
- Kven pronouns
- Kven demonstrative pronouns
- Kven personal pronouns
- Ladin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ladin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ladin terms derived from Latin
- Ladin terms inherited from Latin
- Ladin pronouns
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin reflexive pronouns
- Lashi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lashi verbs
- Lashi lemmas
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with audio pronunciation
- Latin pronouns
- Latin lemmas
- Latin reflexive pronouns
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Ligurian terms derived from Late Latin
- Ligurian terms derived from Latin
- Ligurian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ligurian conjunctions
- Ligurian lemmas
- Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Livonian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Livonian pronouns
- Livonian lemmas
- Livonian pseudo-compounds
- Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian pronouns
- Lower Sorbian lemmas
- Luxembourgish 1-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Luxembourgish pronouns
- Luxembourgish personal pronouns
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/sə
- Rhymes:Malay/ə
- Malay lemmas
- Malay numerals
- Malay cardinal numbers
- Atayal cardinal numbers
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese particles
- Maltese lemmas
- Mandarin pinyin
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Mandarin nonstandard forms
- Middle Dutch non-lemma forms
- Middle Dutch pronoun forms
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English adverbs
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English pronouns
- Middle French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Latin
- Middle French terms inherited from Latin
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French pronouns
- Middle French reflexive pronouns
- Middle French terms with usage examples
- Middle Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Low German lemmas
- Middle Low German pronouns
- Neapolitan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Neapolitan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Neapolitan terms derived from Latin
- Neapolitan terms inherited from Latin
- Neapolitan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Neapolitan/e
- Rhymes:Neapolitan/e/1 syllable
- Neapolitan pronouns
- Neapolitan lemmas
- Nheengatu terms derived from Old Tupi
- Nheengatu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Nheengatu/e
- Nheengatu pronouns
- Nheengatu lemmas
- Nheengatu terms with usage examples
- North Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- North Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- North Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- North Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- North Frisian lemmas
- North Frisian verbs
- Sylt North Frisian
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ-
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/eː
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with homophones
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål verbs
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English articles
- Old English terms with usage examples
- Old English determiners
- Old English pronouns
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French pronouns
- Old French conjunctions
- Old Frisian pronouns
- Old Frisian lemmas
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish determiners
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Saxon terms with usage examples
- Ometepec Nahuatl adjectives
- Ometepec Nahuatl lemmas
- Ometepec Nahuatl cardinal numbers
- Pennsylvania German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pennsylvania German pronouns
- Pennsylvania German lemmas
- Phalura terms with IPA pronunciation
- Phalura determiners
- Phalura lemmas
- Phalura pronouns
- Pilagá pronouns
- Pilagá lemmas
- Pilagá terms with usage examples
- Pipil terms inherited from Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Pipil terms derived from Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Pipil terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pipil lemmas
- Pipil numerals
- Pipil terms with usage examples
- Pipil articles
- Pipil pronouns
- Polish pronouns
- Polish lemmas
- Polish colloquialisms
- Polish proscribed terms
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese pronouns
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Portuguese conjunctions
- Portuguese terms with quotations
- Brazilian Portuguese
- Portuguese internet slang
- Portuguese misspellings
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Romanian/e
- Rhymes:Romanian/e/1 syllable
- Romanian pronouns
- Romanian lemmas
- Romansch adverbs
- Romansch lemmas
- Sutsilvan Romansch
- Surmiran Romansch
- Rwanda-Rundi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Rwanda-Rundi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Rwanda-Rundi lemmas
- Rwanda-Rundi nouns
- Rwanda-Rundi class 1a nouns
- rw:Family
- Samoan articles
- Samoan lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian pronouns
- Serbo-Croatian impersonal verbs
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples
- Serbo-Croatian particles
- Serbo-Croatian terms with obsolete senses
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene pronouns
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with homophones
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish pronouns
- Spanish terms with usage examples
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms
- Spanish misspellings
- Sranan Tongo terms borrowed from Dutch
- Sranan Tongo terms derived from Dutch
- Sranan Tongo nouns
- Sranan Tongo lemmas
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ-
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish terms with audio pronunciation
- Swedish terms with homophones
- Rhymes:Swedish/eː
- Rhymes:Swedish/eː/1 syllable
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish verbs
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Swedish strong verbs
- Swedish class 5 strong verbs
- Tarantino pronouns
- Tarantino lemmas
- Ternate terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ternate lemmas
- Ternate prepositions
- Ternate terms with usage examples
- Ternate conjunctions
- Tocharian A terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian A terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian A lemmas
- Tocharian A nouns
- Tocharian A entries with topic categories using raw markup
- Tocharian A masculine nouns
- xto:Family
- Turkish nouns
- Turkish lemmas
- tr:Latin letter names
- Tuvaluan articles
- Tuvaluan lemmas
- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Veps pronouns
- Veps personal pronouns
- Veps lemmas
- Veps determiners
- Veps demonstrative determiners
- Volapük prepositions
- Volapük lemmas
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh non-lemma forms
- Welsh verb forms
- Welsh non-mutable terms
- Welsh colloquialisms
- Welsh contractions
- West Frisian pronouns
- West Frisian personal pronouns
- West Frisian lemmas
- Wutunhua terms with IPA pronunciation
- Wutunhua terms derived from Mandarin
- Wutunhua numerals
- Wutunhua lemmas
- Wutunhua verbs
- Wutunhua terms with usage examples
- Yoruba terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yoruba lemmas
- Yoruba verbs
- Yoruba transitive verbs
- Yoruba terms with usage examples
- Zazaki terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zazaki adverbs
- Zazaki lemmas
- Zazaki numerals