se
Translingual
Proper noun
se
English
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
se (plural ses)
Translations
|
Anagrams
Abinomn
Noun
se
Afrikaans
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Dutch zijn (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s.
Pronunciation
Particle
se
- follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
- Dis my ouma se huis.
- This is my grandmother’s house.
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kwe-, *kw(e)i- (“how, what”). Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.
Pronunciation
Conjunction
se
- that as, when
- Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj.
- It seems to me that you need some new friends.
- Im vëlla më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri.
- My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.
Related terms
Bonan
Etymology
From Proto-Mongolic *usun.
Pronunciation
Noun
se
References
- Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu) (1994 November) “Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)[1], Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os
Breton
Pronoun
se
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronoun
se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')
- himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
- oneself (direct or indirect object)
- themselves (direct or indirect object)
- each other (direct or indirect object)
Usage notes
The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.
Declension
Czech
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se (reflexive pronoun)
Declension
Synonyms
Related terms
Preposition
se (also s)
Dalmatian
Etymology
Pronoun
se
Danish
Etymology
From Old Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
Pronunciation
Verb
se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)
- To see.
Conjugation
Dimasa
Numeral
sé
Esperanto
Etymology
Borrowed from Italian se, influenced by French si and Latin sī.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Conjunction
se
Ewe
Pronunciation
Noun
se (plural sewo)
Fala
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *se-.
Pronoun
se
- used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent (equivalent to one)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
- Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
- We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.
- reflexive and reciprocal: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:
- Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.
- They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.
Synonyms
- (reflexive): -si
Faroese
Pronunciation
Noun
se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)
- The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.
Declension
Declension of se | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n4 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | se | seið | se | seini |
accusative | se | seið | se | seini |
dative | se, sei | senum | seum | seunum |
genitive | ses | sesins | sea | seanna |
Fijian
Noun
se
Finnish
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.
The oblique stem si- is seen in some forms and is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.
The stem sii- seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases *sissä, *sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se (stem se-, also si-, and sii-, see below)
- (demonstrative, including in Kven) it; (when the speaker does not point at the thing) that
- (colloquial and dialectal, Kven) he, she
- (colloquial) the (see the usage notes below)
Usage notes
- Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish it is ungrammatical, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
- (standard) Mies tuli luokseni. → (colloquial) Se mies tuli mun luokse.
- The man came to me.
- (standard) Luokseni tuli mies. → (colloquial) Yks mies tuli mun luokse.
- A man came to me.
Inflection
Irregular.
Declension of se
|
Synonyms
- (he or she): hän
Derived terms
See also
Determiner
se
- that (not pointed at by the speaker)
Anagrams
French
Etymology
From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun). See also soi.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se m or f (pre-vocalic s’)
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- (to) himself
- (to) herself
- (to) oneself
- (to) itself
- (to) themselves
- (to) each other
Usage notes
- Se becomes s’ before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
- Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
- Il est normal de se parler. ― It is normal to talk to oneself.
Derived terms
Related terms
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||
Gender neutral5 | iel | lea | ellui | |||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | eux | |
Feminine | elles | elles | ||||
Gender neutral5 | iels | elleux |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
- 5 Colloquial, and not in popular use.
See also
- The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m’, te, t’, nous, vous.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.
Further reading
- “se”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Galician
Etymology 1
Conjunction
se
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronoun
se
- accusative/dative of si
German Low German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
- she
- Se is Anke.
- She is Anke (Annie).
Pronoun
se
- they
- Se kaamt ut Bremen.
- They come from Bremen.
- 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:
- Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
- 5 gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an. 6 zu ihnen kamen.
- Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
Haitian Creole
Etymology
Verb
se
Usage notes
- Use ye at the end of a clause.
- This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou (“for”) or tankou (“like”).
References
Hungarian
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Conjunction
se
Derived terms
(Compound words):
(Expressions):
See also
Ido
Etymology
Pronunciation
Conjunction
se
- if
- La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. ― The clerk would begin to work if he could.
- Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. ― If I could, I would buy another house.
Noun
se (plural se-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
See also
- (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze (Category: io:Latin letter names)
Ingrian
Pronoun
se
Declension
Declension of se (irregular) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | se | niijjen |
genitive | senen | niitä |
partitive | sitä | niihe |
illative | siihe | niiz |
inessive | siin | niist |
elative | siint | niille |
allative | sille | niil |
adessive | sill | niilt |
ablative | silt | niiks |
translative | siks | niin |
essive | sinä | {{{23}}} |
exessive1) | neet | {{{24}}} |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Interlingua
Pronoun
se (third person)
- Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
- Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.
- Reciprocal: each other, one another.
- Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?
- Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
- De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen. (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
- Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
- espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")
Usage notes
- (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.
Istriot
Etymology
Conjunction
se
- if
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
- Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
- Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys
- Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
Italian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Late Latin se, from Latin sī,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Conjunction
se
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronoun
se
Usage notes
Used when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
See also
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
References
- ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951
Japanese
Romanization
se
Kalasha
Etymology
From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.
Pronoun
se
Coordinate terms
See also
Karelian
Pronoun
se
Kurdish
Alternative forms
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. (Sorani)
Etymology
From West Iranian *spaka "dog-like, relating to dogs" (compare Old Median σπάκα (“dog”), Persian سگ (sag), and Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”), a borrowing from Median), from Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL. (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬁 (spā), Pashto سپۍ (spəy)), from Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL. (compare Sanskrit श्वन् (śvā́)), ultimately from Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL..
Noun
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. dog
Ladin
Etymology
Pronoun
se
- (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
- (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.
Lashi
Verb
se
References
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /seː/, [s̠eː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /se/, [sɛː]
Audio (Classical) (file)
Pronoun
sē
- the accusative of the reflexive pronoun meaning himself, herself, itself, themselves
- Sē amat.
- He loves himself.
- Necessario sē aperiunt.
- They were forced to open themselves.
- In marī sē praecipitāvit.
- He drowned himself in the sea.
- the ablative of the reflexive pronoun meaning by himself, by herself, by itself, by themselves
Usage notes
- There is little distinction made between the accusative forms sē and sēsē as the two forms are used indifferently, except that sēsē is preferred where emphasis is intended (especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause).
Declension
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | First | Second | Reflexive third | Third | First | Second | Reflexive third | Third | |||||
Case / Gender | Masc./ Fem./Neut. | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | Masc./ Fem./Neut. | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | |||||
Nominative | egō̆ | tū | — | is | ea | id | nōs | vōs | — | eī iī |
eae | ea | |
Genitive | meī | tuī | suī | eius | nostrī nostrum |
vestrī vestrum |
suī | eōrum | eārum | eōrum | |||
Dative | mihī̆ | tibī̆ | sibi | eī | nōbīs | vōbīs | sibi | eīs | |||||
Accusative | mē | tē | sē sēsē |
eum | eam | id | nōs | vōs | sē sēsē |
eōs | eās | ea | |
Ablative | mē | tē | sē sēsē | eō | eā | eō | nōbīs | vōbīs | sē sēsē |
eīs | |||
Vocative | egō | tū | — | nōs | vōs | — |
Derived terms
Descendants
See also
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | ēius | eī | eum | eō | ēius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
Ligurian
Etymology
From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).
Pronunciation
Conjunction
se
Livonian
Etymology
Pronoun
se
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
- myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
- each other, one another
- used to form passives
Derived terms
References
- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “se”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Luxembourgish
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
- unstressed form of si
Declension
nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | ||||
1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (formal) |
Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | ||
3rd person singular | m | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |
f | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | ||
n | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | ||
1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | ||
2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | ||
3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech |
Malay
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : se | ||
Alternative forms
Etymology
Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Pronunciation
Numeral
se (Jawi spelling س)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Maltese
Etymology
From Arabic سَ (sa-, “future particle”), an archaism in Maltese vis-à-vis most other varieties of modern Arabic.
Particle
se
- Indicates a future tense.
Mandarin
Romanization
se
- Nonstandard spelling of sè.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Middle Dutch
Pronoun
se
- accusative of si (“they”)
Middle English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.
Adverb
se
Etymology 2
From Old English sǣ.
Noun
se
- Alternative form of see (“sea”)
Descendants
- English: sea
Etymology 3
From Old French sei.
Noun
se
- Alternative form of see (“see”)
Descendants
- English: see
Etymology 4
Pronoun
se
- Alternative form of sche
References
- “she, (pron.)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 9 May 2018.
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French se, from Latin sē.
Pronoun
se
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
- to himself
- to herself
- to oneself
- to itself
- to themselves
- to each other
- ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)
Usage notes
- Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
- Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.
Descendants
- French: se
Middle Low German
Alternative forms
Etymology
Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation
- Stem vowel: ê⁴
Pronoun
sê
- (third person singular female nominative) she
- her (accusative of sê)
- (third person plural nominative) they
- them (accusative of sê)
Declension
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
3rd person singular | |||||
m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
n | it (et) | ||||
f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. |
Descendants
Neapolitan
Etymology
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
- reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.
North Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną
Pronunciation
Verb
se (present se, 2nd singular sjochst, 3rd singular sjocht, past saag, perfect sen)
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)
- to see (perceive with the eyes).
Derived terms
See also
- sjå (Nynorsk)
References
- “se” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Novial
Pronoun
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Usage notes
- Used only for the third person.
Old English
Alternative forms
- þe — later form for (se)
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.
Pronunciation
Article
se m (definite)
- the
- se mōna ― the moon
Determiner
sē
- that (masculine singular form)
- Þone rǣd ġerǣdde Wīdsīþ. ― Widsith gave that advice.
Pronoun
sē m (demonstrative pronoun)
Usage notes
- (that, he): se is normally read as sē when used pronominally.
Descendants
Declension
See also
Old French
Etymology 1
From Latin sē (“himself, herself, itself”), accusative of reflexive pronoun.
Alternative forms
Pronoun
se m or f (invariable)
- himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)
Descendants
- French: se
Etymology 2
Conjunction
se
Descendants
- French: si
Old Frisian
Pronoun
se
Old Irish
Determiner
se
- Alternative spelling of so
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation
Article
sē m (demonstrative)
- definite article: the
- sē māno ― the moon
- demonstrative adjective: that, those
- Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.
Declension
See also
Pilagá
Pronoun
se
- I
- se-take ― I want
References
- 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages
Pipil
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sē Ordinal : achtu Adverbial : seujti Distributive : sejsē ika | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).
Pronunciation
Numeral
sē
- one
- Nikneki semaya se
- I want only one
Article
sē
- a, indefinite article
- Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit
- We saw an owl in the trees
Pronoun
sē
- someone, something, indefinite pronoun
- Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati
- Someone came who said she/he knows you
- Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal
- One of you has to go to buy the food
- Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal
- My mom gave me something for you all
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /sɨ/
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /si/
- (South Brazil) IPA(key): /se/
- Hyphenation: se
- Rhymes: -i
Etymology 1
From Old Galician-Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronoun
se m or f
- third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themself; themselves
- Ela se viu no espelho.
- She saw herself in the mirror.
- third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
- Quando eles se conheceram?
- When did they meet (each other)?
- second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
- E você se diz um professor!
- And you call yourself a teacher!
- forms the passive voice; be; get
- espantar ― to frighten
- espantar-se ― to get frightened (Literally, “to frighten oneself”)
- Da minha casa se vê o mar.
- The sea can be seen from my house. (Literally, "From my house oneself sees the sea.")
- impersonal reflexive pronoun; oneself
- Vive-se bem em Belém.
- One lives well in Belém. (Literally, *"∅ lives oneself well in Belém.")
Usage notes
- When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
- (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
- comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)
- arrepender-se ― to repent
- Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:
- O professor acalmou os alunos.
- The teacher calmed the students down.
- O professor acalmou-se.
- The teacher calmed down.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
See also
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco, com vós | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se | si | consigo |
Etymology 2
From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).
Alternative forms
- si (eye dialect)
Conjunction
se
- if (introduces a condition)
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
- Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
- I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!}}
- Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
- Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.
- If you go out, take an umbrella.
- Só começaremos se nos pagarem.
- We will only begin if they pay us.
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
Synonyms
Antonyms
Romanian
Etymology
From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
Related terms
Romansch
Alternative forms
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adverb
se
Samoan
Article
se
- a (singular indefinite article)
See also
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronoun
se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
Declension
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *sь.
Particle
se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- (obsolete) this is; here is
- 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:
- се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
- Here lies Viganj Milošević
- се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
- 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
se
- oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself (accusative)
- ourselves, yourselves, themselves (accusative)
Inflection
singular | |||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | jàz | tí | — |
accusative | méne, me | tébe, te | sébe, se |
genitive | méne, me | tébe, te | sébe, se |
dative | méni, mi | tébi, ti | sébi, si |
locative | méni | tébi | sébi |
instrumental | menój, máno | tebój, tábo | sebój, sábo |
possessive | mój | tvój | svój |
dual | |||
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | mídva m, médve/mídve f or n | vídva m, védve/vídve f or n | — |
accusative | náju | váju | sébe, se |
genitive | náju | váju | sébe, se |
dative | náma | váma | sébi, si |
locative | náju | váju | sébi |
instrumental | náma | váma | sebój, sábo |
possessive | nájin | vájin | svój |
plural | |||
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | mí m, mé f or n | ví m, vé f or n | — |
accusative | nàs | vàs | sébe, se |
genitive | nàs | vàs | sébe, se |
dative | nàm | vàm | sébi, si |
locative | nàs | vàs | sébi |
instrumental | nàmi | vàmi | sebój, sábo |
possessive | nàš | vàš | svój |
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /se/ [se]
- Homophones: sé, ce (non-Castilian)
Etymology 1
From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronoun
se m or f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- Third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
- Also used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person and with usted and ustedes.
- ¿Cómo se llama? — “What is your name?” [formal] (Literally, “How do you call yourself?”)
- Se dice que... — “It is said that...” (Literally, “It says itself that...”)
- Aquí se habla español — Spanish is spoken here or They speak Spanish here. (Literally, “Spanish speaks itself here.”)
Usage notes
- (third person (and used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’) reflexive): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
Etymology 2
From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).
Alternative forms
- ge (archaic)
Pronoun
se m or f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- Used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las.
- El samaritano se las dio. — “The Samaritan gave them to him.”
See also
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Etymology 3
Verb
se (main verb saber)
- Misspelling of sé.
Further reading
- “se”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sranan Tongo
Etymology
Noun
se
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish sēa, sē, sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”). The final -g of the past tense form was added under influence of the Old Swedish plural form sāgho. Cognate with Danish se, Norwegian Nynorsk sjå and Icelandic sjá, English see, German sehen and Dutch zien.
Pronunciation
Verb
se
- to see; use one's sight
- 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie
- Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
- Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandonned one!
- Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
- 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult
- Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
- What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
- Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
- 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie
- to see; to understand
- Jag ser inte hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt.
- I don't see how that could be possible.
- to see; to form a mental picture of
Conjugation
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | se | ses | ||
Supine | sett | setts | ||
Imperative | se | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | sen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | ser | såg | ses | sågs |
Ind. plural1 | se | sågo | ses | sågos |
Subjunctive2 | se | såge | ses | såges |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | seende | |||
Past participle | sedd | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Synonyms
- use one's sight
- understand
Hypernyms
Derived terms
Related terms
See also
Anagrams
Tarantino
Pronoun
se (impersonal, reflexive)
Tocharian A
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).
Noun
se m
See also
Turkish
Noun
se
- The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
Tuvaluan
Article
se (indefinite article)
Veps
Etymology
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Determiner
se
Inflection
Inflection of se | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | se | ||
genitive sing. | sen | ||
partitive sing. | sidä | ||
partitive plur. | niid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | se | ne ned | |
accusative | sen | ne ned | |
genitive | sen | niiden | |
partitive | sidä | niid | |
essive-instructive | sen | — | |
translative | sikš | niikš | |
inessive | siš | niiš | |
elative | sišpäi | niišpäi | |
illative | sihe | niihe | |
adessive | sil | niil | |
ablative | silpäi | niilpäi | |
allative | sile | niile | |
abessive | sita | niita | |
comitative | senke | niidenke | |
prolative | sidäme | niidme | |
approximative I | senno | niidenno | |
approximative II | sennoks | niidennoks | |
egressive | sennopäi | niidennopäi | |
terminative I | sihesai | niihesai | |
terminative II | silesai | niilesai | |
terminative III | — | — | |
additive I | sihepäi | niihepäi | |
additive II | silepäi | niilepäi |
Derived terms
References
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “та, то, тот”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][3], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Volapük
Preposition
se
Welsh
Verb
se
- (colloquial) Contraction of basai.
West Frisian
Pronoun
se
- Alternative form of sy (“she”)
Pronoun
se
- Alternative form of sy (“they”)
Zazaki
Pronunciation
Adverb
se
Numeral
se
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual proper nouns
- English terms borrowed from Mandarin
- English terms derived from Mandarin
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Musical instruments
- English two-letter words
- Abinomn lemmas
- Abinomn nouns
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans particles
- Afrikaans terms with usage examples
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian conjunctions
- Albanian terms with usage examples
- Bonan terms inherited from Proto-Mongolic
- Bonan terms derived from Proto-Mongolic
- Bonan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bonan lemmas
- Bonan nouns
- Breton lemmas
- Breton pronouns
- Breton terms with usage examples
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan pronouns
- Catalan personal pronouns
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech 1-syllable words
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech terms with audio links
- Czech lemmas
- Czech pronouns
- Czech prepositions
- Dalmatian terms inherited from Latin
- Dalmatian terms derived from Latin
- Dalmatian lemmas
- Dalmatian pronouns
- Dalmatian reflexive pronouns
- Danish terms inherited from Old Danish
- Danish terms derived from Old Danish
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Danish/eːˀ
- Danish lemmas
- Danish verbs
- Danish class 5 strong verbs
- Dimasa lemmas
- Dimasa numerals
- Esperanto terms borrowed from Italian
- Esperanto terms derived from Italian
- Esperanto terms derived from French
- Esperanto terms derived from Latin
- Esperanto terms with audio links
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto conjunctions
- Esperanto BRO1
- Ewe terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ewe lemmas
- Ewe nouns
- Fala terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Fala terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Fala terms inherited from Latin
- Fala terms derived from Latin
- Fala terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Fala terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Fala lemmas
- Fala pronouns
- Fala terms with quotations
- Faroese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese nouns
- Faroese neuter nouns
- fo:Latin letter names
- Fijian lemmas
- Fijian nouns
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish 1-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/e
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish pronouns
- Finnish colloquialisms
- Finnish dialectal terms
- Finnish determiners
- Finnish demonstrative pronouns
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- Rhymes:French/ə
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French pronouns
- French terms with usage examples
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician lemmas
- Galician conjunctions
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician pronoun forms
- German Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German Low German lemmas
- German Low German pronouns
- German Low German terms with usage examples
- Haitian Creole terms derived from French
- Haitian Creole lemmas
- Haitian Creole verbs
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio links
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian conjunctions
- Hungarian two-letter words
- Ido terms derived from Esperanto
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Ido nouns
- io:Latin letter names
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian pronouns
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua pronouns
- Interlingua terms with usage examples
- Istriot terms inherited from Latin
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- Istriot lemmas
- Istriot conjunctions
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/e
- Italian terms inherited from Late Latin
- Italian terms derived from Late Latin
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Italian lemmas
- Italian conjunctions
- Italian terms with usage examples
- Italian pronouns
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Kalasha terms derived from Sanskrit
- Kalasha terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Kalasha terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Kalasha lemmas
- Kalasha pronouns
- Karelian lemmas
- Karelian pronouns
- Ladin terms inherited from Latin
- Ladin terms derived from Latin
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin pronouns
- Ladin reflexive pronouns
- Lashi lemmas
- Lashi verbs
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with audio links
- Latin lemmas
- Latin pronouns
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Ligurian terms derived from Late Latin
- Ligurian terms derived from Latin
- Ligurian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ligurian lemmas
- Ligurian conjunctions
- Livonian lemmas
- Livonian pronouns
- Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian lemmas
- Lower Sorbian pronouns
- Luxembourgish 1-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish pronouns
- Luxembourgish personal pronouns
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay 1-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/sə
- Rhymes:Malay/ə
- Malay lemmas
- Malay numerals
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- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
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- Maltese lemmas
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- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Mandarin pinyin
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- Middle Dutch non-lemma forms
- Middle Dutch pronoun forms
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English lemmas
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- Middle English terms borrowed from Old French
- Middle English terms derived from Old French
- Middle English pronouns
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms inherited from Latin
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- Middle Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Neapolitan terms inherited from Latin
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- Rhymes:Neapolitan/e
- Neapolitan lemmas
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- West Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- North Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- North Frisian lemmas
- North Frisian verbs
- Sylt North Frisian
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with audio links
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål verbs
- Novial reflexive pronouns
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English articles
- Old English terms with usage examples
- Old English determiners
- Old English demonstrative determiners
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old English pronouns
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French pronouns
- Old French conjunctions
- Old Frisian lemmas
- Old Frisian pronouns
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish determiners
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon articles
- Old Saxon terms with usage examples
- Pilagá lemmas
- Pilagá pronouns
- Pilagá terms with usage examples
- Pipil terms inherited from Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Pipil terms derived from Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Pipil terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pipil lemmas
- Pipil numerals
- Pipil terms with usage examples
- Pipil articles
- Pipil pronouns
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms with homophones
- Rhymes:Portuguese/i
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese pronouns
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Portuguese conjunctions
- Portuguese terms with multiple etymologies
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Romanian/e
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian pronouns
- Romansch lemmas
- Romansch adverbs
- Sutsilvan Romansch
- Surmiran Romansch
- Samoan lemmas
- Samoan articles
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian pronouns
- Serbo-Croatian particles
- Serbo-Croatian terms with obsolete senses
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene pronouns
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with homophones
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish pronouns
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms
- Spanish misspellings
- Spanish basic words
- Sranan Tongo terms borrowed from Dutch
- Sranan Tongo terms derived from Dutch
- Sranan Tongo lemmas
- Sranan Tongo nouns
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish terms with audio links
- Swedish terms with homophones
- Rhymes:Swedish/eː
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish verbs
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Swedish strong verbs
- Swedish class 5 strong verbs
- Tarantino lemmas
- Tarantino pronouns
- Tocharian A terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian A terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian A lemmas
- Tocharian A nouns
- Tocharian A masculine nouns
- xto:Family
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- tr:Latin letter names
- Tuvaluan lemmas
- Tuvaluan articles
- Veps lemmas
- Veps determiners
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük prepositions
- Welsh non-lemma forms
- Welsh verb forms
- Welsh colloquialisms
- Welsh contractions
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian pronouns
- West Frisian personal pronouns
- Zazaki terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zazaki lemmas
- Zazaki adverbs
- Zazaki numerals