Appendix:False friends between Chinese and Japanese
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This is a list of Chinese-Japanese false friends, that is, word pairs similar in appearance but different in meaning. Translations may be approximated; see linked entries for details.
The Chinese senses are chosen from Modern Standard Chinese (Mandarin). Some archaic or dialectal senses of the Chinese words may resemble the Japanese senses more.
Chinese word | Chinese word's English translation | Chinese word's Japanese translation | Japanese word | Japanese word's English translation | Japanese word's Chinese translation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
愛人/爱人 (àirén) | lover | 恋人 (koibito) | 愛人 (aijin) | mistress | 小三 (xiǎosān) |
暗算 (ànsuàn) | to plot against; to scheme | 企む (takuramu) | 暗算 (anzan) | mental arithmetic | 心算 (xīnsuàn) |
巴 (bā) | Chiefly used as a suffix for objects that are located below or behind, or as a phonetic character for transliterating foreign names | - | 巴 (tomoe) | tomoe (Japanese heraldic design) | - |
拔萃 (bácuì) | to stand out from one's fellows; to be outstanding | 抜群 (batsugun) | 抜粋 (bassui) | excerpt; extract | 摘錄/摘录 (zhāilù) |
柏 (bǎi) | cypress | 糸杉 (itosugi) | 柏 (kashiwa) | oak | 橡 (xiàng); 櫟/栎 (lì) |
白鳥 (bái niǎo) | white bird | 白い鳥 (shiroi tori) | 白鳥 (hakuchō) | swan | 天鵝/天鹅 (tiān'é) |
百姓 (bǎixìng) | civilian | 庶民 (shomin) | 百姓 (hyakushō) | peasant | 農民/农民 (nóngmín) |
爆發/爆发 (bàofā) | to erupt; to break out | (to break out) 起こる (okoru); (to erupt) 噴出する (funshutsusuru) |
爆発する (bakuhatsusuru) | to explode | 爆炸 (bàozhà) |
本 (běn) | classifier for books | 冊 (satsu) | 本 (hon) | classifier for long and thin things | 根 (gēn) |
筆/笔 (bǐ) | pen (for writing) | ペン (pen) | 筆 (fude) | writing brush; painting brush | 毛筆/毛笔 (máobǐ) |
必死 (bìsǐ) | will surely die; must die | 確実に死ぬ (kakujitsu ni shinu), 死ぬしかない (shinu shika nai) |
必死 (hisshi) | desperate | 拚命 (pànmìng) |
扁桃體/扁桃体 (biǎntáotǐ) | tonsil | 扁桃 (hentō) | 扁桃体 (hentōtai) | amygdala | 杏仁體/杏仁体 (xìngréntǐ) |
標榜/标榜 (biāobǎng) | to flaunt; to brag | 自慢する (jimansuru) | 標榜する (hyōbōsuru) | to advocate | 提倡 (tíchàng) |
別人/别人 (biérén) | other people; others | 他人 (tanin) | 別人 (betsujin) | different person; a changed man | 另一個人 (lìng yīgè rén) |
冰箱 (bīngxiāng) | refrigerator; fridge | 冷蔵庫 (reizōko) | 氷箱 (kōribako) | icebox | 冰箱 (bīngxiāng), 雪櫃/雪柜 (xuěguì) |
病院 (bìngyuàn) | specialized hospital | 専門の病院 (senmon no byōin) | 病院 (byōin) | hospital | 醫院/医院 (yīyuàn) |
不敵/不敌 (bùdí) | to be defeated | 負ける (makeru) | 不敵 (futeki) | fearless | 無畏/无畏 (wúwèi) |
不要 (bùyào) | don't! | 〜しないで (shinaide), 〜するな (suruna) | 不要 (fuyō) | unnecessary | 不必要 (bùbìyào) |
部長/部长 (bùzhǎng) | government minister (especially in non-monarchies) | 大臣 (daijin) | 部長 (buchō) | department chief within a company | 經理/经理 (jīnglǐ) |
裁判 (cáipàn) | referee | 審判 (shinpan) | 裁判 (saiban) | court decision | 判決/判决 (pànjué) |
差別/差别 (chābié) | difference | 違い (chigai); 区別 (kubetsu); 差別 (sabetsu) | 差別 (sabetsu) | difference; discrimination | (discrimination) 歧視/歧视 (qíshì) |
城市 (chéngshì) | city; town | 都市 (toshi) | 城市 (jōshi) | fortified town; castle town | 城池 (chéngchí) |
吃 (chī) | to eat | 食べる (taberu) | 吃る (domoru) | to stammer | 口吃 (kǒuchī) |
赤身 (chìshēn) | naked | 裸 (hadaka) | 赤身 (akami) | red fish meat | 紅身魚/红身鱼 |
沖/冲 (chōng) | to rinse; to wash | 洗う (arau) | 沖 (oki) | offshore; open sea | 遠海/远海 (yuǎnhǎi) |
出產/出产 (chūchǎn) | to produce; to manufacture | 産出 (sanshutsu) | 出産する (shussansuru) | to give birth | 生孩子 (shēng háizi) |
出來/出来 (chūlái) | to come out; to appear | 出て来る (detekuru) | 出来 (shuttai)/出来 (deki) | occurrence; happening / results; execution | 結果/结果 (jiéguǒ) |
出世 (chūshì) | to be born; to be introduced to the world | 生まれる (umareru) | 出世する (shussesuru) | to rise (to a position); to be successful | 成功 (chénggōng), 發達/发达 (fādá), 功成名就 (gōngchéngmíngjiù) |
床 (chuáng) | bed | ベッド (beddo); 寝床 (nedoko) |
床 (yuka) | floor | 地板 (dìbǎn) |
椿 (chūn) | Chinese mahogany (Toona sinensis) | 香椿 (chanchin) | 椿 (tsubaki) | Japanese camellia (Camellia japonica) | 山茶 (shānchá); 日本山茶 (rìběnshānchá) |
大變/大变 (dàbiàn) | to change greatly | 大きく変化する (ōkiku henkasuru) | 大変 (taihen) | greatly; terrible | (greatly) 非常 (fēicháng); (terrible) 糟糕 (zāogāo) |
大家 (dàjiā) | everyone | 皆 (mina) | 大家 (ōya) | landlord | 房東/房东 (fángdōng) |
大手 (dàshǒu) | defecation; number two | 大の方 (dainohō) | 大手 (ōte) | major company | 大企業/大企业 (dàqǐyè) |
大丈夫 (dàzhàngfu) | (mostly used in proverbs) great man | 男 (otoko) | 大丈夫 (daijōbu) | alright | 沒事/没事 (méishì) |
大夫 (dàifu) | (medical) doctor | 医者 (isha) | 大夫 (tayū) | a title for various traditional Japanese art performers | |
袋鼠 (dàishǔ) | kangaroo | カンガルー (kangarū) | 袋鼠 (fukuronezumi) | opossum | 負鼠/负鼠 (fùshǔ) |
袋熊 (dàixióng) | wombat | ウォンバット (wonbatto) | 袋熊 (fukuroguma) | koala | 樹袋熊/树袋熊 (shùdàixióng) |
淡泊 (dànbó) | living a simple life | 粗衣粗食 (soisoshoku) | 淡泊 (tanpaku) | plain; light | 質樸/质朴 (zhìpǔ) |
當前/当前 (dāngqián) | presently; currently | 只今 (tadaima) | 当たり前 (atarimae) | obvious; evident | 明顯/明显 (míngxiǎn) |
得體/得体 (détǐ) | fitting; appropriate | 適切 (tekisetsu) | 得体 (etai) | nature; character | 來歷/来历 (láilì) |
登錄/登录 (dēnglù) | (Internet) login | ログイン (roguin) | 登録 (tōroku) | (Internet) registering | 註冊/注册 (zhùcè) |
地方 (dìfang) | location | 場所 (basho) | 地方 (chihō) | large area | 地區/地区 (dìqū) |
電車/电车 (diànchē) | tram; streetcar | 路面電車 (romendensha), トラム (toramu) |
電車 (densha) | electric multiple unit train; train in general | (train in general) 火車/火车 (huǒchē); (EMU) 電力動車組/电力动车组 (diànlì dòngchēzǔ) |
電費/电费 (diànfèi) | electricity bill | 電気代 (denkidai) | 電費 (denpi) | electric mileage (e.g., of an electric car) | |
東西/东西 (dōngxi) | thing | 物 (mono) | 東西 (tōzai) | east and west | 東西/东西 (dōngxī) |
動畫/动画 (dònghuà) | animation | アニメーション (animēshon); アニメ (anime) |
動画 (dōga) | video | 視頻/视频 (shìpín) |
發火/发火 (fāhuǒ) | to become angry | 怒る (okoru) | 発火する (hakkasuru) | to catch fire | 起火 (qǐhuǒ) |
方便 (fāngbiàn) | convenient | 便利 (benri) | 方便 (hōben) | expedient; means | 手段 (shǒuduàn) |
放心 (fàngxīn) | to stop worrying; to be comforted | 安心 (anshin) | 放心 (hōshin) | to be unresponsive due to sudden confusion; to be astonished | 愣住 (lèngzhù); 呆住 (dāizhù); 傻 (shǎ) |
該當/该当 (gāidāng) | should, ought to | -べき (beki) | 該当 (gaitō) | to correspond to | 對應/对应 (duìyìng) |
改行 (gǎiháng) | to change profession | 転職 (tenshoku) | 改行 (kaigyō) | newline | 換行/换行 (huànháng) |
高校 (gāoxiào) | university or college | 大学 (daigaku) | 高校 (kōkō) | senior high school | 高中 (gāozhōng) |
告訴/告诉 (gàosu) | to inform | 教える (oshieru) | 告訴する (kokusosuru) | to sue | 起訴/起诉 (qǐsù) |
格式 (géshì) | format; model | 形式 (keishiki) | 格式 (kakushiki) | social rules; formality | 虛禮/虚礼 (xūlǐ) |
工廠/工厂 (gōngchǎng) | factory | 工場 (kōjō) | 工廠 (kōshō) | arsenal | 兵工廠/兵工厂 (bīnggōngchǎng) |
工夫 (gōngfu) | a period of time | 時間 (jikan) | 工夫 (kufū) | device; plan | 構思/构思 (gòusī) |
公社 (gōngshè) | commune | 人民公社 (jinminkōsha); コミューン (komyūn); 自治体 (jichitai) |
公社 (kōsha) | public corporation | 國有企業/国有企业 |
公式 (gōngshì) | formula | 公式 (kōshiki), 定式 (teishiki); |
公式 (kōshiki) | formality, officiality; formula | (officiality) 官方 (guānfāng) |
工作 (gōngzuò) | work; occupation | 仕事 (shigoto) | 工作 (kōsaku) | secret activity | 秘密活動 (mìmì huódòng) |
供出 (gòng chū) | to confess (something) | 白状する (hakujōsuru) | 供出 (kyōshutsu) | to pay tax in kind | 繳納/缴纳 (jiǎonà) |
故事 (gùshi) | story | 物語 (monogatari) | 故事 (koji) | historical event | 歷史事件/历史事件 (lìshǐ shìjiàn) |
怪我 (guài wǒ) | (phrase) It's my fault. | 私のせいだ (watashi no sei da) | 怪我 (kega) | injury | 傷害/伤害 (shānghài) |
好 (hǎo); 好 (hào) |
(hǎo) good; (hào) to like | (good) 良い (yoi); (to like) 好む (konomu) |
好き (suki) | liked, favorite | (attributive) 喜歡/喜欢 (xǐhuān) |
何人 (hérén) | who | 誰 (dare) | 何人 (nannin) | how many people | 多少人 (duōshao rén) |
合同 (hétóng) | contract | 契約 (keiyaku) | 合同 (gōdō) | joint | 合辦/合办 (hébàn); 聯合/联合 (liánhé) |
呼出 (hūchū) | to breathe out | 息を吐く (ikiohaku) | 呼び出し (yobidashi) | calling; invoking | 調動/调动 (diàodòng) |
花子 (huāzi) | beggar | 乞食 (kojiki) | 花子 (Hanako) | female given name | - |
回報/回报 (huíbào) | reciprocation, reward, revenge | 報いる (mukuiru); 報復 (hōfuku) | 回報 (kaihō) | circular | 通告 (tōnggào) |
火車/火车 (huǒchē) | train; railway carriage | 列車 (ressha); 電車 (densha) | 火の車 (hi no kuruma) | short of money | 拮据 (jiéjū) |
機/机 (jī) | machine | 機 (ki) | 机 (tsukue) | desk | 桌子 (zhuōzi) |
急行 (jíxíng) | to walk hurriedly | 足早に (ashibayani) | 急行 (kyūkō) | express (e.g. train) | 快車/快车 (kuàichē) |
記事/记事 (jìshì) | to keep a record of events; record | 記録する (kirokusuru) | 記事 (kiji) | article; written news story | (article) 文章 (wénzhāng); (news story) 報道/报道 (bàodào) |
假設/假设 (jiǎshè) | to hypothesize | 仮定 (katei) | 仮設 (kasetsu) | makeshift | 臨時/临时 (línshí) |
交代 (jiāodài) | to inform; to entrust; to confess | (to inform) 教える (oshieru); (to entrust) 託する (takusuru) |
交代する (kōtaisuru) | to take turns | 輪換/轮换 (lúnhuàn) |
交友 (jiāoyǒu) | to make friends | 友達になる (tomodachi ni naru) | 交友 (kōyū) | friend | 朋友 (péngyou) |
腳氣/脚气 (jiǎoqì) | athlete's foot | 水虫 (mizumushi); 足白癬 (ashihakusen) |
脚気 (kakke) | beriberi | 維生素B1缺乏症 (wéishēngsù-bìyī quēfázhèng); 腳氣病/脚气病 (jiǎoqìbìng) |
階段/阶段 (jiēduàn) | phase; stage | 段階 (dankai) | 階段 (kaidan) | staircase | 樓梯/楼梯 (lóutī) |
結構/结构 (jiégòu) | structure | 構成 (kōsei) | 結構 (kekkō) | assembly, construction; plan; sufficient; quite; (phrase) no thanks |
(assembly) 組裝/组装 (zǔzhuāng); (plan) 計劃/计划 (jìhuà); (sufficient) 足夠/足够 (zúgòu); (quite) 非常 (fēicháng); (phrase) 不用了,謝謝/不用了,谢谢 |
結束/结束 (jiéshù) | to end | 終わる (owaru) | 結束 (kessoku) | unity; union | 團結/团结 (tuánjié) |
經理/经理 (jīnglǐ) | department chief within a company | 部長 (buchō) | 経理 (keiri) | financial affairs | 財務/财务 (cáiwù) |
精一杯 (jīng yī bēi) | a cup of semen | 精液の一杯 (seieki no ippai) | 精一杯 (seiippai) | one's best effort | 竭盡全力/竭尽全力 (jiéjìnquánlì) |
覺悟/觉悟 (juéwù) | to realize; realization | 意識 (ishiki) | 覚悟 (kakugo) | mental resolve | 決心/决心 (juéxīn) |
開會/开会 (kāihuì) | to hold a meeting | 会議をする (kaigi o suru) | 開会する (kaikaisuru) | to open a meeting | 開幕/开幕 (kāimù) |
可憐/可怜 (kělián) | pitiful | 可哀想 (kawaisō) | 可憐 (karen) | lovely | 可愛/可爱 (kě'ài) |
控 (kòng) | to control; to accuse, to charge | (to control) 支配する (shihaisuru); (to accuse) 問う (tou) |
控える (hikaeru) | to wait nearby; to refrain from | (to wait) 等候 (děnghòu); (to refrain) 抑制 (yìzhì) |
快報/快报 (kuàibào) | wall bulletin, bulletin board; breaking news | 掲示板 (keijiban); 速報 (sokuhō) |
快報 (kaihō) | good news | 喜訊/喜讯 (xǐxùn) |
老婆 (lǎopo) | wife | 妻 (tsuma) | 老婆 (rōba) | old woman | 老太婆 (lǎotàipó) |
老師/老师 (lǎoshī) | teacher | 先生 (sensei); 教師 (kyōshi) |
老師 (rōshi) | senior Buddhist monk | 老僧 (lǎosēng) |
老頭兒/老头儿 (lǎotóur) | old man; old fellow | 老人 (rōjin) | 老頭児 (rōtoru) | old fart; dotard | 老糊塗/老糊涂 (lǎohútú) |
樂/乐 (lè) | happy; cheerful | 嬉しい (ureshii) | 楽 (raku) | comfort; ease | 安逸 (ānyì) |
裡/裏/里 (lǐ) | inside | 中 (naka) | 裏 (ura); 里 (sato) |
(裏) back; rear (里) village; hometown |
(back) 後邊/后边 (hòubiān); (village) 村 (cūn) |
連帶/连带 (liándài) | to be related; to involve | 関わる (kakawaru) | 連帯 (rentai) | solidarity | 团结 |
聯合國/联合国 (Liánhéguó) | the United Nations | 国連 (kokuren)/国際連合 (kokusairengō) | 聯合国 (rengōkoku) (most commonly nowadays as 連合国 (rengōkoku)) | the Allies (of WWI, WWII) | (WWI) 協約國/协约国 (Xiéyuēguó); (WWII) 同盟國/同盟国 (tóngméngguó) |
料理 (liàolǐ) | to manage | 処理する (shorisuru) | 料理 (ryōri) | dish; cuisine | 菜 (cài) |
流氓 (liúmáng) | hooligan | フーリガン (fūrigan) | 流氓 (ryūbō) | refugee | 難民/难民 (nànmín) |
留守 (liúshǒu) | to stay behind to take care of things | 留守番 (rusuban) | 留守 (rusu) | absence; being away from home | 不在 (bùzài) |
落花流水 (luòhuāliúshuǐ) | to be utterly defeated; to be in a sorry state | 惨敗 (zanpai) | 落花流水 (rakkaryūsui) | mutual love | 互愛/互爱 |
旅館/旅馆 (lǚguǎn) | hotel | ホテル (hoteru); 宿 (yado) |
旅館 (ryokan) | traditional Japanese-style inn | 日式旅館 |
律師/律师 (lǜshī) | lawyer | 弁護士 (bengoshi) | 律師 (risshi) | Buddhist priest | 和尚 (héshàng) |
麻雀 (máquè) | sparrow | 雀 (suzume) | 麻雀 (mājan) | mahjong | 麻將/麻将 (májiàng) |
馬鹿/马鹿 (mǎlù) | horses and deer | 馬と鹿 (uma to shika) | 馬鹿 (baka) | stupid; idiotic | 愚蠢 (yúchǔn) |
迷惑 (míhuò) | confused | 困惑 (konwaku) | 迷惑 (meiwaku) | nuisance; annoyance | 麻煩/麻烦 (máfan) |
勉強/勉强 (miǎnqiǎng) | to do something by brute force | 無理 (muri) | 勉強 (benkyō) | to study | 學習/学习 (xuéxí) |
名字 (míngzi) | given name | 下の名前 (shita no namae) | 名字 (myōji) | family name | 姓 (xìng) |
模樣/模样 (múyàng) | looks; appearance | 見た目 (mitame); 外観 (gaikan) |
模様 (moyō) | pattern; design | 圖案/图案 (tú'àn); 花樣/花样 (huāyàng) |
目前 (mùqián) | the present time | 現在 (genzai) | 目前 (mokuzen) | right before one's eyes | 眼前 (yǎnqián) |
難聽/难听 (nántīng) | bad-sounding | 耳障り (mimizawari) | 難聴 (nanchō) | hearing loss | 聽力障礙 (tīnglì zhàng'ài); 耳背 (ěrbèi) |
鮎/鲇 (nián) | catfish | 鯰 (namazu) | 鮎 (ayu) | sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis) | 香魚/香鱼 (xiāngyú) |
娘 (niáng) | mother | 母 (haha) | 娘 (musume) | daughter | 女兒/女儿 (nǚ'ér) |
女將/女将 (nǚjiàng) | female military officer | - | 女将 (okami) | landlady | 老闆娘/老板娘 (lǎobǎnniáng); 女房東 (nǚ fángdōng) |
女中 (nǚzhōng) | all-girls middle school | 女子中学校 (joshichūgakkō) | 女中 (jochū) | hostess (in a ryokan); waitress (in a traditional restaurant) | |
庖丁 (páodīng) | cook | 料理人 (ryōrinin) | 包丁 (hōchō) | kitchen knife | 菜刀 (càidāo) |
配 (pèi) | to pair; to match | 合わせる (awaseru); 合致 (gatchi) |
配る (kubaru) | to distribute | 分配 (fēnpèi) |
棚 (péng) | shed | 小屋 (koya); 物置 (monōki) |
棚 (tana) | shelf | 架子 (jiàzi) |
皮肉 (píròu) | skin and flesh; body | 皮と肉 (kawa to niku) | 皮肉 (hiniku) | irony; sarcasm | 諷刺/讽刺 (fěngcì) |
便宜 (piányi) | cheap | 安い (yasui) | 便宜 (bengi) | convenience | 方便 (fāngbiàn) |
票 (piào) | ticket | 券 (ken) | 票 (hyō) | vote | 選票/选票 (xuǎnpiào) |
平和 (pínghé) | gentle; mild | 穏やか (odayaka) | 平和 (heiwa) | peace | 和平 (hépíng) |
淒/悽/凄 (qī) | miserable; sorrowful; sad | 悲しい (kanashii) | 凄い (sugoi) | horrible; awful; amazing; remarkable | (amazing, remarkable) 了不起 (liǎobùqǐ), 厲害/厉害 (lìhài) |
汽車/汽车 (qìchē) | car; automobile | 自動車 (jidōsha) | 汽車 (kisha) | steam locomotive | 蒸汽機車/蒸汽机车 (zhēngqì jīchē) |
氣絕/气绝 (qìjué) | (literary) to die | 息を引き取る (iki o hikitoru), 死ぬ (shinu) | 気絶 (kizetsu) | a faint, a temporary loss of consciousness | 暈厥/晕厥 (yūnjué) |
恰好 (qiàhǎo) | just right; luckily | ちょうど (chōdo), 折よく (oriyoku) |
恰好 (kakkō) | shape; appearance | 樣子/样子 (yàngzi), 模樣/模样 (múyàng) |
前年 (qiánnián) | the year before last year | 一昨年 (ototoshi) | 前年 (zennen) | last year | 去年 (qùnián) |
切手 (qiē shǒu) | cutting one's hand | 手を切る (te o kiru) | 切手 (kitte) | postage stamp | 郵票/邮票 (yóupiào) |
親友/亲友 (qīnyǒu) | friends and relatives | 親戚と友人 (shinseki to yūjin) | 親友 (shin'yū) | close friend | 摯友/挚友 (zhìyǒu), 密友 (mìyǒu), 哥們/哥们 (gēmen) |
青 (qīng) | green | 緑 (midori) | 青 (ao) | blue | 藍/蓝 (lán) |
情報/情报 (qíngbào) | intelligence; secret information about the enemy or other hostile activities | 秘密情報 (himitsu jōhō) | 情報 (jōhō) | information | 信息 (xìnxī) |
去 (qù) | to go | 行く (iku) | 去る (saru) | to depart; to leave | 離開/离开 (líkāi) |
犬飼 (quǎn sì) | to be raised by a dog | 犬に飼われる (inunikawareru) | 犬飼 (Inukai) | a Japanese surname, meaning "a person who raises dogs" | - |
勸進/劝进 (quànjìn) | (of a subordinate of a usurper) to urge one's superior to take the throne | 皇帝に推し挙げる (kōtei ni oshiageru) | 勧進 (kanjin) | temple solicitation | 化緣/化缘 (huàyuán) |
人間/人间 (rénjiān) | world | 世界 (sekai) | 人間 (ningen) | human being | 人類/人类 (rénlèi) |
人參/人参 (rénshēn) | ginseng | 朝鮮人参 (chōsen ninjin) | 人参 (ninjin) | carrot | 胡蘿蔔/胡萝卜 (húluóbo) |
入籍 (rùjí) | to become a naturalized citizen | 帰化する (kikasuru) | 入籍する (nyūsekisuru) | to enter the family register | 加入戶籍/加入户籍 (jiārù hùjí) |
入內/入内 (rùnèi) | to enter; to go inside | 入る (hairu) | 入内 (judai) | imperial bridal party's entry into the court | |
上氣/上气 (shàngqì) | upper chi | 上気 (jōki) | blushing (one's cheeks) | 發紅/发红 (fāhóng) | |
上手 (shàngshǒu) | to start | 始める (hajimeru) | 上手 (jōzu) | skilled | 熟練/熟练 (shúliàn) |
少年 (shàonián) | young people | 若者 (wakamono) | 少年 (shōnen) | young man; boy | 男孩 (nánhái) |
師弟/师弟 (shīdì) | junior fellow disciple | 弟弟子 (otōtodeshi) | 師弟 (shitei) | teacher and disciple | 師徒/师徒 (shītú) |
時候/时候 (shíhou) | time | 時 (toki); 時間 (jikan) |
時候 (jikō) | season; time of the year | 季節/季节 (jìjié) |
石頭/石头 (shítou) | stone | 石 (ishi) | 石頭 (ishiatama) | stubbornness | 頑固/顽固 (wángù) |
使用人 (shǐyòngrén) | user | 使用者 (shiyōsha); 利用者 (riyōsha) | 使用人 (shiyōnin) | employee; servant | 員工/员工 (yuángōng); 僕人/仆人 (púrén) |
貰/贳 (shì) | (archaic) to borrow | 借りる (kariru) | 貰う (morau) | to receive; to get | 得到 (dédào) |
侍 (shì) | to serve | 仕える (tsukaeru) | 侍 (samurai) | samurai | 武士 (wǔshì) |
試驗/试验 (shìyàn) | test; trial | 実験 (jikken) | 試験 (shiken) | academic examination | 考試/考试 (kǎoshì) |
私 (sī) | private; personal | 個人的 (kojinteki) | 私 (watashi) | I; me | 我 (wǒ) |
首 (shǒu) | head | 頭 (atama) | 首 (kubi) | neck | 頸/颈 (jǐng) |
手袋 (shǒudài) | handbag | ハンドバッグ (handobaggu) | 手袋 (tebukuro) | glove; mitten | 手套 (shǒutào) |
手機/手机 (shǒujī) | mobile phone | 携帯電話 (keitai denwa) | 手機 (tebata) | handloom | 手搖紡織機/手摇纺织机 |
手心 (shǒuxīn) | palm of one's hand | 掌(の中央) (tenohira (no chūō)) | 手心 (tegokoro) | discretion; consideration; allowance | 酌情 (zhuóqíng),斟酌 (zhēnzhuó) |
手紙/手纸 (shǒuzhǐ) | toilet paper | トイレットペーパー (toiretto pēpā) | 手紙 (tegami) | letter, a written or printed communication | 信 (xìn) |
書類/书类 (shūlèi) | book category | 書籍部門 (shoseki bumon) | 書類 (shorui) | document; official papers | 文件 (wénjiàn) |
縮寫/缩写 (suōxiě) | abbreviation | 略語 (ryakugo) | 縮写 (shukusha) | reduced copy; reproduction in miniature | 縮印/缩印 (suōyìn) |
所用 | (that) which is used | 用いられる(もの) (mochīrareru (mono)) | 所用 (shoyō) | business; engagement | 事情 (shìqing), 事務/事务 (shìwù) |
太 (tài) | too; exceedingly | 過ぎる (-sugiru) | 太い (futoi) | (of cylindrical objects) thick | 粗 (cū) |
湯/汤 (tāng) | soup | 汁 (shiru); スープ (sūpu) |
湯 (yu) | hot water | 熱水/热水 (rèshuǐ) |
唐突 (tángtū) | to be rude | 失礼する (shitsureisuru) | 唐突 (tōtotsu) | abrupt; sudden | 突然 (tūrán) |
藤 (téng) | vine; cane | 籐 (tō) | 藤 (fuji) | wisteria | 紫藤 (zǐténg) |
天井 (tiānjǐng) | courtyard; patio | 中庭 (nakaniwa) | 天井 (tenjō) | ceiling | 天花板 (tiānhuābǎn) |
田 (tián) | farmland | 田畑 (tahata) | 田 (ta) | paddy field | 水田 (shuǐtián) |
停車場/停车场 (tíngchēchǎng) | car park | 駐車場 (chūshajō) | 停車場 (teishajō) | railway station | 火車站/火车站 (huǒchēzhàn) |
腕 (wàn) | wrist | 手首 (tekubi) | 腕 (ude) | arm | 臂 (bì) |
王妃 (wángfēi) | princess | 姫 (hime) | 王妃 (ōhi) | queen | 女王 (nǚwáng) |
溫存/温存 (wēncún) | gentle | 優しい (yasashii) | 温存 (onzon) | preservation; keeping | 保存 (bǎocún) |
聞/闻 (wén) | to smell; to sniff | 嗅ぐ (kagu) | 聞く (kiku) | to listen; to ask | 聽/听 (tīng) |
文句 (wénjù) | wording | 言葉遣い (kotobazukai) | 文句 (monku) | complaint | 抱怨 (bàoyuàn) |
我孫子 (wǒ sūnzi) | my grandson | 私の孫 (watashi no mago) | 我孫子 (Abiko) | a place name and surname | - |
下品 (xiàpǐn) | poor quality; inferior product | 下作 (gesaku) | 下品 (gehin) | vulgar | 粗俗 (cūsú) |
下手 (xiàshǒu) | to start doing | 着手 (着手) | 下手 (heta) | unskilled | 笨拙 (bènzhuō) |
下水 (xiàshuǐ) | downstream; to go into water | (downstream) 下流 (karyū); (to go into water) 水に入る (mizu ni hairu) |
下水 (gesui) | sewage | 污水 (wūshuǐ) |
先生 (xiānshēng) | (a title used after a personal name) Mr. | さん (-san)、様 (sama) | 先生 (sensei) | a title for medical doctors, teachers and other intellectuals | (doctor) 大夫 (dàifu), (others) 老師/老师 (lǎoshī) |
小康 (xiǎokāng) | moderate affluence; good living standards | 小康 (shōkō) | lull; respite | 平穩/平稳 (píngwěn) | |
小心 (xiǎoxīn) | careful | 用心 (yōjin) | 小心 (shōshin) | coward | 膽小/胆小 (dǎnxiǎo) |
咲/笑 (xiào) | Archaic variant character of 笑 (xiào) | 笑う (warau) | 咲く (saku) | to blossom | 開花/开花 (kāihuā) |
邪魔 (xiémó) | evil spirits | 妖怪 (yōkai) | 邪魔 (jama) | hindrance; nuisance | 障礙/障碍 (zhàng'ài); 麻煩/麻烦 (máfan) |
寫/写 (xiě) | to write | 書く (kaku) | 写す (utsusu) | to copy | 複印/复印 (fùyìn); 抄寫/抄写 (chāoxiě) |
寫真/写真 (xiězhēn) | (usually sexual) photograph | 写真 (shashin); (sexual) グラビア写真 (gurabia shashin) |
写真 (shashin) | photograph | 照片 (zhàopiàn) |
謝/谢 (xiè) | to thank | 感謝する (kanshasuru) | 謝る (ayamaru) | to apologize | 道歉 (dàoqiàn) 謝罪/谢罪 (xièzuì) |
心地 (xīndì) | one's heart; one's innermost being | 心理 (shinri) | 心地 (kokochi) | feeling; sensation | 心情 (xīnqíng) |
心事 (xīnshì) | worry; a load on one's mind | 考え事 (kangaegoto) | 心事 (shinji) | mind | 心 (xīn) |
心細/心细 (xīnxì) | careful | 用心 (yōjin) | 心細い (kokorobosoi) | hopeless | 無望/无望 (wúwàng) |
心中 (xīnzhōng) | central point; in one's heart | 心の中 (kokoro no naka) | 心中 (shinjū) | group suicide; lovers' suicide | 殉情 (xùnqíng); 一同自殺 |
新歡/新欢 (xīnhuān) | new lover | 今カレ (imakare); 今カノ (imakano) |
新歓 (shinkan) | welcoming of newcomers | 迎新 (yíngxīn) |
新聞/新闻 (xīnwén) | news | ニュース (nyūsu) | 新聞 (shinbun) | newspaper | 報紙/报纸 (bàozhǐ) |
修士 (xiūshì) | member of a religious order; friar | 修道士 (shūdōshi) | 修士 (shūshi) | master's degree | 碩士/硕士 (shuòshì) |
喧嘩 (xuānhuá) | to shout or talk loudly | 騒ぐ (sawagu) | 喧嘩する (kenkasuru) | to quarrel with; to fight with | 衝突/冲突 (chōngtū); 爭執/争执 (zhēngzhí) |
顏色/颜色 (yánsè) | color | 色 (iro) | 顔色 (kaoiro) | complexion | 氣色/气色 (qìsè) 臉色/脸色 (liǎnsè) |
演出 (yǎnchū) | to act (e.g. in a play) | 演技 (engi) | 演出 (enshutsu) | direction (e.g. of a play); production | 導演/导演 (dǎoyǎn) |
野菜 (yěcài) | vegetable collected from the wild | 山菜 (sansai) | 野菜 (yasai) | vegetable | 蔬菜 (shūcài) |
葉/叶 (yè) | leaf | 葉 (ha) | 叶う (kanau) | to be fulfilled | 實現/实现 (shíxiàn) |
一番 (yīfān) | one time; once | 一度 (ichido); 一回 (ikkai) |
一番 (ichiban) | first; most | 第一 (dì-yī) |
伊人 (yīrén) | that woman | 彼女 (kanojo) | 伊人 (ijin) (usually as イタリア人 (itariajin)) |
Italian person | 意大利人 (yìdàlìrén) |
醫生/医生 (yīshēng) | medical doctor | 医者 (isha) | 医生 (isei) | medical student | 醫學生/医学生 (yīxuéshēng) |
陰間/阴间 (yīnjiān) | underworld | 冥界 (meikai) | 陰間 (kagema) | (historical) a male sex worker | 男妓 (nánjì) |
應酬/应酬 (yìngchou) | social niceties; dinner party | 応対する (ōtaisuru)、 交際する (kōsaisuru)、 接待する (settaisuru) |
応酬 (ōshū) | exchange; reply; riposte | 即刻答應 |
用心 (yòngxīn) | diligent | 念入り (nen'iri) | 用心 (yōjin) | careful | 小心 (xiǎoxīn) |
用意 (yòngyì) | intention; purpose | 意思 (ishi) | 用意 (yōi) | preparation; arrangements | 準備/准备 (zhǔnbèi) |
預/预 (yù) | in advance; pre- | 予 (yo) | 預 (yo) | commitment; entrustment | 託/托 (tuō) |
遠慮/远虑 (yuǎnlǜ) | long-term considerations; to take the long view | 先見 (senken) | 遠慮 (enryo) | constraint; holding back | 保留 (bǎoliú) |
約束/约束 (yuēshù) | restriction | 制限 (seigen) | 約束 (yakusoku) | promise | 約定/约定 (yuēdìng) |
運轉/运转 (yùnzhuǎn) | (intransitive) to revolve; to operate | (to revolve) 回る (mawaru); (to operate) 動作する (dōsasuru) |
運転する (untensuru) | to drive | 駕駛/驾驶 (jiàshǐ) |
鮓/鲊 (zhǎ) | fish served in salt and red yeast | - | 鮓 (sushi) | sushi | 壽司/寿司 (shòusī) |
戰艦/战舰 (zhànjiàn) | warship | 軍艦 (gunkan) | 戦艦 (senkan) | battleship | 戰列艦/战列舰 (zhànlièjiàn) |
丈夫 (zhàngfu) | husband | 夫 (otto) | 丈夫 (jōbu) | durable | 結實/结实 (jiēshi) |
招待 (zhāodài) | to host, to entertain, to serve | 接待する (settaisuru) | 招待 (shōtai) | invitation, to invite | 邀請/邀请 (yāoqǐng) |
照會/照会 (zhàohuì) | démarche, memorandum | 覚書 (oboegaki) | 照会 (shōkai) | inquiry, query | 詢問/询问 (xúnwèn) |
朝三暮四 (zhāosānmùsì) | to blow hot and cold; to be unreliable | 当てにならない (ate ni naranai) | 朝三暮四 (chōsanboshi) | superficial change with contents remaining the same | 換湯不換藥/换汤不换药 (huàn tāng bù huàn yào) |
這/这 (zhè) | this | これ (kore); この (kono) |
這う (hau) | to crawl | 爬 (pá) |
真面目 (zhēnmiànmù) | the real identity or intention behind some disguise | 正体 (shōtai) | 真面目 (majime) | serious; not joking | 嚴肅/严肃 (yánsù) |
正座 (zhèngzuò) | seat facing the stage | 向正面 (mukōjōmen) | 正座 (seiza) | sitting (kneeling) in a traditional Japanese way | 端坐 (duānzuò) |
指摘 (zhǐzhāi) | to criticize | 批判する (hihansuru) | 指摘する (shitekisuru) | pointing out | 指出 (zhǐchū) |
質問/质问 (zhìwèn) | to challenge someone by asking questions | 尋問 (jinmon); 問い詰める (toitsumeru) |
質問する (shitsumonsuru) | to ask a question | 提問/提问 (tíwèn) |
中學/中学 (zhōngxué) | secondary school | 中学と高校 (chūgaku to kōkō) | 中学 (chūgaku) | junior high school | 初中 (chūzhōng) |
豬/猪 (zhū) | pig | 豚 (buta) | 猪 (inoshishi) | wild boar | 野豬/野猪 (yězhū) 山豬/山猪 (shānzhū) |
桌球 (zhuōqiú) | cue sports | ビリヤード (biriyādo) | 卓球 (takkyū) | table tennis | 乒乓球 (pīngpāngqiú) |
著想 (zhuóxiǎng) | to take into consideration, to consider from the perspective of | (…のために)考える ((…no tame ni) kangaeru) | 着想 (chakusō) | idea | 主意 (zhǔyì) |
卓 (zhuó) | outstanding | 優秀 (yūshū) | 卓 (taku) | table | 桌 (zhuō) |
注文 (zhùwén) | annotation | 注釈 (chūshaku) | 注文 (chūmon) | order (of goods) | 訂/订 (dìng) |
追尾 (zhuīwěi) | rear-end collision | 追突 (tsuitotsu) | 追尾 (tsuibi) | (of projectiles) to track (the target) | 跟蹤/跟踪 (gēnzōng) |
自分 (zìfèn) | to self-assess | 自己評価 (jikohyōka) | 自分 (jibun) | oneself | 自己 (zìjǐ) |
走 (zǒu) | to walk | 歩く (aruku) | 走る (hashiru) | to run | 跑 (pǎo) |
作為/作为 (zuòwéi) | conduct; deeds | 行為 (kōi) | 作為 (sakui) | intentionality | 有意 (yǒuyì) |
作業/作业 (zuòyè) | work, operation; homework | (homework) 宿題 (shukudai) | 作業 (sagyō) | work, operation | 作業/作业 (zuòyè) |
作戰/作战 (zuòzhàn) | to combat; to fight | 戦う (tatakau) | 作戦 (sakusen) | tactics; strategy | 策略 (cèlüè) |