Appendix:Proto-Ersuic reconstructions

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The following list of Proto-Ersuic reconstructions is from Yu (2012: 225-245).

List

[edit]
No. Gloss Proto-Ersuic
1 a while *tɕʰu¹
2 above, on top of *wutɕʰa
3 accustomed to, in the habit of *tʰendzo
4 adult *tsʰokʰwæ
5 age *tsipʰrjo / tsʰipʰrjo²
6 air, breath, steam *sẽ¹
7 alive *dentsʰu¹
8 all / the whole *kwɑ / kɑ²
9 allow *tsʰwo¹
10 and *læ¹
11 animal fat / oil *zu¹
12 ant *berA / burA
13 appear, come out *hko¹
14 armpit *legija¹
15 arrive *præ¹
16 ashes *li¹
17 ask / question *meŋkʰje
18 aunt *æniu¹
19 axe *butsʰɑ¹
20 baby *-zæzæ²
21 back *gwEmæ²
22 bamboo *hĩ²
23 bamboo steamer *mpʰru
24 bark (of dog) *lolo / lulu¹
25 barley *mwEdzæ¹
26 barley (highland) *ʃu²
27 basket (for straining) *batʂi / batʂe
28 be (copula) *ʑʷi¹
29 bean / soybean / pea *tupri¹
30 beans / peas *nopri¹
31 bear (fruit) *sæ¹
32 bear (n.) *xui / ŋui¹
33 beard / moustache *stiumui²
34 beautiful *mpʰjo
35 bed *tʂʰɑ / tʂʰi²
36 bee, honey *bi²
37 beggar *hkwohkwosu¹
38 believe / trust *ndʒelje¹
39 belly *diupʰæ¹
40 big / large *keke
41 bird, sparrow *xwɑjo¹
42 give birth to (e.g. piglets) *dzi¹
43 bite *kri¹
44 bitter, salty *dekʰra¹
45 black *denwɑ¹
46 bladder *biususu¹
47 blind *(mja)ko²
48 feel bloated (stomach) *debro¹
49 block (the wind) *kʰetsʰɑ¹
50 blood *ʂiu¹
51 blow (away) *demwo¹
52 blow (one’s nose) *kʰui¹
53 blow (the trumpet) *ntʂʰɑ
54 blow (wind) *li / le¹
55 boat *gu¹
56 boatman *guku¹
57 boil (of water) *detsu¹
58 bolt (of cloth) *pʰjo
59 bone *riku / rikʰu¹
60 borrow (money) *ɕʷiu¹
61 borrow (tools) *hjẽ¹
62 bow (weapon) *sjelje
63 bow / arrow *mrɑ¹
64 bowl *kʰo
65 bracelet *letʂu¹
66 braid / plait *tsjẽpʰrje¹
67 brains *nwo¹
68 branch / twig *sẽkæle¹
69 break open, broken *nepʰɑ¹
70 breast, milk *dʒaniu¹
71 breastfeed / suckle *ku
72 bridge *dzjẽ¹
73 bright *bɑ²
74 broom *ʂɑtsʰje
75 brother *mopʰæ¹
76 bucket (of water) *kezi¹
77 buckwheat *ŋgi¹
78 burn *debræ¹
79 burn, singe *mpʰri¹
80 bury *bugi¹
81 busy *bibi¹
82 butter *me¹
83 butterfly *kɑlɑ / kælæ²
84 buy *ɣui¹
85 calf (common) *ŋuijo
86 calf (yak) *ndojo¹
87 can, be able *pʰæ¹
88 cane / vine *brɑ¹
89 careful / cautious *zæzæmu¹
90 carry load (pack animals) *ŋgi¹
91 carry on the back *debæ¹
92 carry with pole, lift up *dentɕʰu
93 cat *mutsi¹
94 catch *mi¹
95 catch (in mouth) *pja¹
96 catch / grab / hold *htʃew¹
97 catch fire (a house) *ɕʷu¹
98 cattle (common, female) *ŋuimæ
99 cattle, cow *ŋui²
100 catty (=1/2 kilogram) *krɑ
101 cave / hole *riwu¹
102 chaff / bran *pʰrɑ²
103 charcoal *mexui¹
104 chase after, drive out / expel *tʃæ¹
105 cheek *mbere²
106 chest *kwo
107 chew *htɑhtɑ²
108 chicken *rwɑ¹
109 child *jakrɑ
110 chin *mehĩ²
111 Chinese (Han) *ndzɑ²
112 chip (the rim) *pi²
113 choke *ntɕʰo
114 choose / pick *ntsʰi¹
115 chop / hew *dzẽ¹
116 chopsticks *ndʒu
117 circular (planar), round *wɑwɑ¹
118 circular (spherical) *ljelje¹
119 classif. garments *pʰja
120 classif. long items *kæ
121 classif. one of pair (hand, eye) *pʰwo
122 classif. rooms *tsʰwɑ
123 classif. sheet / small object *pʰɑ
124 classif. small round obj. *pri
125 classif. trees / flat obj. *pu
126 claw / talon *dzidzi / dzɑdzɑ¹
127 clean *ʃoʃo¹
128 clear (weather) / sunny *mende
129 clever *ntʂʰæntʂʰæ²
130 climb (a mountain) *lwo
131 close *tɑ
132 close (the mouth) *muimui¹
133 cloth *wurA / wærA¹
134 clothing / garment *gæme¹
135 cloud, fog *tɕe¹
136 coarse, rough, wide (in diameter) *bje¹
137 coax / fool *ndʑʷundʑʷu¹
138 cockscomb *(rwa)ŋwoŋwo¹
139 cold (weather, water) *dempʰje¹
140 collapse / fall down *nedʒo¹
141 collect, harvest, put away *tɕitæ¹
142 comb *tsjẽʂi¹
143 comb (v.) *ʂi²
144 come *læ¹
145 connect / join *kʰetsu
146 consult / discuss *dedulæ²
147 cook / boil *tʃew¹
148 cool (pleasantly) *mbje
149 coral *pjo
151 cough *detsʰe²
152 count *htje
153 count (numbers), calculate *sundʒa²
154 cover / hide from view *xe
155 crawl (of insects) *ʒje¹
156 crawl, climb *bebe¹
157 crazy person, lunatic *rdumo²
158 cross (a river) *gu
159 crow *kwɑli¹
160 crow (of cocks) *ŋo¹
161 cry, weep *ŋu¹
162 cucumber *tɕukʰwɑ²
163 curved / crooked / bent *kʰokʰo¹
164 cut (meat) *tʃʰi
165 cut (paper, cloth) *pætɕe¹
166 cut up (vegetable) *netɕʰo¹
167 dance *tso
168 dance (n.) *(rV)li¹
169 dare *htʂew
171 dark, get *meŋkʰwo
172 daughter, woman *zjeji / zijo²
173 daughter-in-law *lemæ
174 dawn (the day) *tsʰo
175 day after tomorrow *ngeso / ndʒiso¹
176 day before yesterday *ʂoniu²
177 day, day’s (work) *niu
178 daytime *niu(mæ)lɑwu¹
179 deaf *nembo
180 deaf person *nɑmbo²
181 decrease, reduce *neni¹
182 deep *nene
183 deer (river) *lɑ²
184 dew *ʂo¹
185 die, dead *tʰeʂiu¹
186 difficult, hard *ŋgi
187 dig / scoop out / excavate *mbwo
188 dilute / add water *lu
189 direction / orientation *pʰjo
190 ditch / gully (“water-ditch”?) *lo
191 divide / share (things) *mbimbi²
192 do / make *mu¹
194 dodge, make way, retreat *ŋenja¹
195 dog *tɕʷʰiu²
196 donkey *ku(liu)¹
197 door *ŋgæ¹
198 dove *lolu²
199 doze / nod off *(ji) mui¹
200 dragon *(ji)mbru²
201 draw water *kʰe
202 dream *jimɑ¹
203 drink *tɕʰe¹
204 drop (of oil) *ntʰwɑ
205 drop / fall *nedʐæ¹
206 drum *(n)dzɑ¹ ?
207 drunk, be *tʰejo
208 dry *dedʐu¹
209 dry (clothes) in the sun*kʰwo¹
210 dry by fire, toast *re¹
211 dung, manure *lɑ¹
212 dust *pʰulje¹
213 dye *detsu¹
214 each / respective / individual *suniu
215 eagle / hawk *hke¹
216 ear *nɑ²
217 ear / spike *(n)dʑi(u)²
218 earth, ground *sɑ-²
219 earthworm *niuŋkʰwɑ bedi
220 east *ʂæ²
221 easy *ɣuiɣui
222 eat *dzi²
223 egg *rwatɕo¹
224 eggplant *(ŋ)gætsi¹
225 eight *rdi¹
226 elbow *lekrwa²
227 elder brother / sibling *æja¹
228 enemy (personal) *gæwu
229 enough *dzẽ
231 exchange *deŋgui¹
232 expensive *pʰekʰwæ¹
233 extinguish, put out fire *tʰepʰo¹
234 extract / take out *tsʰo¹
235 eye *rdose¹
236 face *mja²
237 fall (rain) *ʑiu¹
238 far / distant *(ri)ʂɑ¹
239 fart *htʃiukrɑ²
240 fast / quick / early *ntʃʰiu²
241 fat *detsʰu¹
242 father *æbæ²
243 fathom *liu
244 fear, be afraid *deke¹
245 feather, hair (of body) *mui²
246 feces *htʃiu²
247 feed *tsi¹
248 fence (bamboo / twig) *tʂʰe
249 fetch / draw (water) *ʃæ
250 few / little *nini¹
251 fields (wheat etc.) *ri¹
252 fight *kækæ¹
253 filter / strain *tswɑ
254 finger *lesẽ
255 finish *tʰetsʰæ¹
256 fire *me¹
257 fit, can hold *tʰwɑ¹
258 five *ŋrɑ²
259 flavorful *detʂʰe
260 flea *ntsʰoɬiu¹
261 flip over, reverse *ŋepʰwo¹
262 flock (of sheep) *bru
263 flour *ju¹
264 flower *metɕo
265 flute *ɬɑ¹
266 fly (n.) *behẽ / behĩ
267 fly (v.) *bjẽbjẽ¹
268 food *dzæpu¹
269 foot *lipʰew¹
270 foot, leg *liŋgje / leŋge²
271 footprint / track *tɕuru
272 forehead *kæpælæ
273 forest *sẽlɑ¹
274 forge, strike (iron) *htsu
275 forget *tʰeme²
276 fortune / luck *pʰukʰæ²
277 four *ʐiu²
278 fox *dʒumæ¹
279 fragrant (smell) *dehẽ¹
280 friend *ndzew¹
281 friend / amiable *ndzewbjẽ²
282 frog, toad *pimæ¹
283 front *ʂæpʰo / ʂopʰo¹
284 frost *kriu(ju)¹
285 fruit *sẽse¹
286 full *debrɑ¹
287 full, satiated *deɣwæ¹
288 gall bladder *kriu²
289 garbage / debris *kɑpe¹
290 garden (plot) *xutʂʰe¹
291 garlic *xui¹
292 ghost / spirit *tʂʰæ¹
293 gift / present *ntsʰeɬiu
294 give *kʰje¹
295 gnaw / nibble *ntʃʰi / ntʃʰe¹
296 go *ji¹
297 go / leave (past) *dwɑ¹
298 goat *tsʰẽ¹
299 gold *ni¹
300 good *lje¹
301 goose (wild) *dʒu²
302 grab / seize / catch *ntʂʰe
303 grandchild *litʰo / lotʰo¹
304 grandfather *æpu
305 grass *ʐu¹
306 grind *dʐe¹
307 grow, grow up *kʰwæ¹
308 gruel / porridge *tsʰɑwɑ¹
309 guard / defend *ʂu¹
310 guest *wra¹
311 guide, lead (the way) *ʃu¹
312 gum (“tooth-red”) *xuini¹
313 hail *mpsʰu¹
314 hair *tsjẽ¹
315 hair / down *dʒu
316 half *hke
317 hand *lepʰew¹
318 handful (of rice) *ntʂʰe¹
319 hang *pja¹
320 happy / excited *tʰegew²
321 hard *kwɑkwɑ¹
322 hat *mbo¹
323 hatch / incubate *hẽ¹
324 have, exist (animate) *dʒo¹
325 have, exist (container) *dʐiu¹
326 have, exist (general / abstract) *niu¹
327 have, exist (immovable) *hã¹
328 have, exist (money) *bo¹
329 have, exist (movable) *dʒwɑ¹
330 head *wilje / wulje²
331 heap (e.g. of dung) *bje
332 hear *tʰegri¹
333 heart *sini / htimi¹
334 heavy *dede¹
335 help *ɣwoɣwo¹
336 hemp *tse²
337 herd, put out to pasture *hkui¹
338 hide (something) *tʰekiʃi¹
339 hide oneself *khempʰe
340 high / tall *mbro
341 hill / mountain *mbje¹
342 hit (a person) *dekæ²
343 hit, kill *si¹
344 hoe *dzepi / dzopʰi¹
345 hold (a pen) *hte¹
346 hole *hko¹
347 home *jã¹
348 honest / well-behaved *dĩbæ
349 hoof *ŋ(u)kʰwɑ
350 hook *ŋkʰo¹
351 horizontal *gjegje
352 horn *ru(bu) / du¹
353 horse *m(b)ro²
354 host / master *nɑ-
355 hot *tsʰæ²
356 hot / spicy *deju¹
357 house *jẽ¹
358 how many *tʃʰiu²
359 hug / embrace *detwɑ¹
360 human being, person *tsʰo¹
361 hundred *ʑa¹
362 hungry *ŋæ²
363 hunt *mumbæ¹
364 I *æ¹
365 ice *mpʰje¹
366 incense (bark of cypress? tree) *hpwo²
367 industrious / hardworking *mpʰwompʰwo
368 infect *tu¹
369 insect / worm *bedi¹
370 inside *kʰepʰe / kʰupʰo¹
371 intestine *ɣeniu / ɣoniu¹
372 iron *ʃje¹
373 itch *dekri
374 jar (earthen) *gje¹
375 joint *tsʰi¹
376 jump *hto / htæ
377 key *kʰoji
378 kick *dego¹
379 kidney *mbiulje²
380 kill (a person) *ŋgrɑ²
381 kill / slaughter (an animal) *ntʃʰi²
382 kind, type *rbæ
383 knee *pjembje
384 kneel *hke¹
385 knife *bɑtʂɑ / butʂɑ
386 knock / strike *tsʰutsʰu¹
387 know how to, be capable of *ndʒo¹
388 kowtow, make obeisance to *pʰja² mu
389 ladder *ɬjeki¹
390 ladle *ji¹
391 lake *ŋkʰwæ²
392 lame person *kɑpi²
393 last night *jahãŋkʰwo¹
394 last year *ja(ji)hĩ¹
395 laugh / smile *ri¹
396 lay (eggs) *tɕo¹
397 lazy *mætʰu
398 leader / chieftain / headman (Mand. ‘土司 tǔsī’) *(d)ʑapu
399 leaf *sẽpʰja¹
400 leak *ntsʰe²
401 learn, teach *soso¹
402 leech *mbi¹
403 left (side) *leji¹
404 left over / remain *gwɑ²
405 leopard / panther *ndzi¹
406 letter, book *ndʒiundʑi¹
407 lick / lap *dege¹
408 lid / cover *xexe²
409 life *kutsʰje¹
410 lifetime *te zu
411 light (a fire, a light) *ntsʰo¹
412 light (weight) *gwogwo¹
413 like / love *gæ / gja¹
414 liquor *ɣo¹
415 liquor (yellow rice / millet / Shaoxing) *wɑre / ɣɑre¹
416 listen *bæni¹
417 liter, container (measuring, 1-liter-volume) *læ
418 live / reside *ji / ʑi¹
419 liver *ntsʰɑ¹
420 lock *ŋkʰo¹
421 long *ʂɑ
422 lose / mislay, throw away *pʰi¹
423 loud *mbrɑ¹
424 louse *ʂewmæ¹
425 low / short *nini
426 lower (the head) *neŋgwo
427 lower part / lower reaches *ŋɑpʰo¹
428 lung *ntsʰu²
429 mace (=0.1 tael) *tetsje
430 maggot *bulo
431 magpie *tʃʰatʃʰa¹
432 make the bed *kʰwo¹
433 make, fix, repair *ntsʰæ¹
434 many / much *mje / mja
435 mark / sign / boundary line *ntsʰæ
436 marry (a woman) *ʃu²
437 mat *wægæ
438 meal *dzæ
439 means / way *ri²
440 measles *mpʰrjo¹
441 meat *ʃi²
442 medicine *hpje²
443 meet / come across *kʰedʑudʑu²
444 melon / gourd *sẽŋgæ¹
445 melt, dissolve *nelje / neɬje¹
446 middle *goɬæ²
447 midnight *ŋkʰwohke²
448 millstones *ratʰɑ¹
449 mirror *mjalo¹
450 mix / blend / mingle *detʂʰu¹
451 mole *ʂinwɑ
452 money *bædʐje¹
453 monkey *gætʃu¹
454 moon *ɬæpʰe¹
455 morning *tɑso¹
456 mortar *tsumu / tsumo²
457 mosquito (relatively small) *ʂwɑ
458 mother *æmæ¹
459 mouse *gojo¹
460 mouth *stiupe¹
461 move *tʃʰitʃʰi¹
462 mud *tʃʰulje¹
463 muddy / turbid *tʃʰu¹
464 mule *htæ¹
465 multicolored / patterned (cloth) *bu¹
466 mushroom *hẽ¹
467 musk *lɑhẽ / lahõ
468 mute *kɑ²
469 mute, dumb, stupid *zikæ
470 nail *ledzi / letsɑ²
471 name *mi¹
472 narrow *ʐuʐu²
473 navel *tʃwɑpu¹
474 near *(ri)ni¹
475 neck *ht(w)ɑrA²
476 needle *ɣrɑ / ge¹
477 neg. imp. *tʰæ¹
478 nephew (brother’s son) *zjendʑu / zindʑu²
479 nest (bird) *(xwɑjo)ntʃʰo¹
480 new *si
481 next year *sohĩ¹
482 night, evening *ŋkʰwo¹
483 nine *ŋge²
485 no problems, leisurely *tosi mæni
486 noon *ndʒo²
487 nose *stim(b)u¹
488 now *ɑmja / ɑmjo / æmi
489 obtain, get *rA¹
490 official (government) *ndzomo²
491 old *le¹
492 old / elderly *tʰemo / momo¹
493 old lady *mɑmo
494 old man *tsʰomo
495 on (the wall) *tɕʰa¹
496 one *te¹
497 oneself *niuniu²
498 onion / scallion *xuibu¹
499 open *dexwɑ / dehkwɑ¹
500 orphan *tʃʰiujo²
501 other person(s) *ndzew¹
502 otter *ʂe¹
503 outside *njapʰo / njopʰo¹
504 owe / lose (money), suffer (illness); hit (a target) *zo¹
505 pad *lu
506 paddy fields *(ju / ʑu)xwɑ¹
507 pair *dʐe
508 palm *lepʰja¹
509 pants / trousers *ʑa¹
510 patch (clothing) *pwEpwE²
511 peach *jVsi¹
512 pear *lirV¹
513 peck at (of a chicken) *ntʰontʰo¹
514 peck, unit of dry measure for grain (=1 decaliter) *pɑ
515 pen in (sheep) *gje²
516 pepper (hot) / chili *hõ¹
517 permit / allow *wæ¹
518 pestle *-ŋgrɑ²
519 pheasant (long-tailed) *ŋgwæ¹
520 pheasant (short-tailed) *tsexwo¹
521 pick up *deŋgwo¹
522 pig *ɣwo¹
523 pillar / column *dzæpʰæ¹
524 pillow *ŋgje²
525 pine *tɕʰopu²
526 pitiable / pitiful *ɕaŋæ²
527 plant ash *ʑu
528 play *gægæ¹
529 plow (n.) *du¹
530 plow / till (v.) *lɑ¹
531 pluck (flowers) *kʰui¹
532 point / tip *wutɕu
533 poison *dʑu¹
534 porcupine *pʰru
535 pour (water) *ʂɑ
536 pregnant *mæntʂʰew
537 press (with palm or finger) *zẽ¹
538 pricked (on a thorn) *ndzu
539 pull / drag / lead (a cow) along *dentsʰɑ¹
540 pull down (a house), untie *netʃʰo¹
541 pull up (weeds) *tsẽ
542 puncture (something) *nedʐu
543 pus *piu¹
544 push / shove *tʰedʑo¹
545 put (into a container) *nekwo¹
546 put in order / arrange *dʐwɑ
547 quake (earth) *ʑo¹
548 rabbit *myidzi²
549 rain *rgwæ¹
550 rainbow *mekʰɑ¹
551 raw / uncooked *dzjẽdzjẽ
552 red *deni¹
553 relatives *ɣuini / ɣuindzA¹
554 release / set free *tʰele¹
555 remember *kʰentsʰæ
556 rescue / save *ŋeʂu¹
557 rest *breni¹
559 return, go back *dʑʷew¹
560 rib *-ro
561 rice (cooked) *kʰæ
562 rice (paddy), seedling (rice) *dzæ¹
563 rice (uncooked) *ntʃʰew¹
564 rich *djemo¹
565 ride (a horse) *ndze¹
566 right (side) *letɕu¹
567 right / correct *kʰedu¹
568 ring *leŋgui²
569 rinse (the mouth) *ʐwæʐwæ
570 ripe, cooked, done *dehĩ¹
571 rise / get up *degwo¹
572 road *ri¹
573 rob / loot *liu¹
574 rock *rikʰwæ¹
575 roll *lɑlɑ¹
576 roll, turn (cause to) *ɬɑ¹
577 root *mbre¹
578 rope / string *brɑ¹
579 rot *netʃʰiu¹
580 run *pjẽ
581 run away / escape *pʰo¹
582 rust *kʰeŋkʰwæ
583 s / he *tʰe¹
584 saddle *mbroʑa
585 saliva *dʑiki¹
586 salt *tsʰi²
587 scald / burn *mbu¹
588 scales, steelyard *krɑ²
589 scoop up (water) / ladle *kui¹
590 scratch *(n)tʂʰo¹
591 search, look for *htʃæ / ʂæ¹
592 see *kʰendo¹
593 seed *ge¹
594 sell *ŋkʰæ¹
595 send (a message) *swɑ¹
596 send / dispatch (a person) *pwEki / pwEtɕi
597 separate, other *kʰækʰæ¹
598 set (of the sun) *netɕʰiu / netɕiu¹
599 seven *sini / stẽ²
600 sew (up) *ndʐe²
601 shadow *rAne / rAnɑ¹
602 shake / shiver *ŋgrɑŋgrɑ¹
603 sharp, pointed *ntʰwɑ¹
604 sharpen, whet (a knife) *desu¹
605 shave (the head) *ru¹
606 sheep *jõ¹
607 shoe *zi¹
608 shoot, fire a shot *tʂʰe¹
609 short *dɑdɑ²
610 shoulder *ɣwebje / ɣwobje¹
611 shout *kwo²
612 shout, yell *rA / ɣwA
613 shrivel up / wither *nekwo¹
614 shy / bashful *mbuʂew
615 Sichuan pepper *tsʰu
616 sick, ache *deni¹
617 sickle *dzjẽ
618 side, direction *pʰwo
619 sieve / sifter *ɑntʂʰæ²
620 silk / satin *ŋkʰwo¹
621 silver *ŋui¹
622 sing *gæ¹
623 sister *hjẽmæ¹
624 sit down *ʑi¹
625 six *tʂʰu²
626 skin *ŋgriupje¹
627 skinny *hkwɑ
628 skinny, get thin *ŋæ¹
629 skirt *(n)tʃʰæ
630 sky *me / mo
631 slanted / askew *tʰeɕʷiulɑ
632 sleep, lie down *kʰejo
633 slippery (road) *dendʐew¹
634 slow / clumsy *diwæ¹
635 small *jiji¹
636 smell *hẽhẽ¹
637 smoke *meŋkʰe²
638 smooth / glossy / sleek *hĩhĩ
639 snake *beri²
640 snap (thread) *tsẽ
641 snare / trap *wæ¹
642 snot *hti(u) ‘nose’
643 snot (liquid) *stiu(d)zære¹
644 snow *ʑu¹
645 soak / steep *ndʒo¹
646 soft *njonjo²
647 soldier, army *mo
648 son *jizæ¹
649 son-in-law *mopæ²
650 sore / boil *mjari / meri¹
651 soul / spirit *rAɬæ¹
652 sound *tʂʰe¹
653 sour *detʃew¹
654 spacious *didi
655 span (thumb to finger) *dʒwæ
656 speak, say *dʑi¹
657 speech, language, dialect *hwõ
658 speech, phrase, words *gui¹
659 spider *(h)kɑra(wɑ)²
660 spirit, deity *ɬæ
661 sputum, phlegm *tsʰekʰɑ¹
662 square / rectangular *ʐiudu²
663 squeeze (for milk) *ntsʰew
664 squirrel *kætʃa
665 stable, steady *nɑ
666 stand *kʰendʑa¹
667 star *kri¹
668 be startled / afraid *ni²
669 steal *mpʰru¹
670 steam (v.) *mpʰru¹
671 step / stride *mbi
672 step on / stamp / tread *kotsV¹
673 sting (of wasps) *ndzɑ¹
674 stinky, fishy-smelling *deŋrɑ¹
675 stir-fry *ndzæ¹
676 stone *lo¹
677 stone, rock *lo(bwo)¹
678 story *jajihĩ²
679 stove (cooking) / range (kitchen) *tsukʰæ
680 straight *tɕutɕu
681 straw (rice) *dzæbu¹
682 strength (physical) *htʂomo²
683 stretch out (the arm) *hwõ¹
684 strike (the table) *mpʰjo²
685 stutterer *lɑmo
686 sun *niumæ¹
687 swallow *nemi¹
688 sweat *tʂu¹
689 sweep *pʰja
690 sweet *detʃʰiu¹
691 swell (of tissue) *dere¹
692 tael (=50 grams) *lo
693 tail *mukr(w)V¹
695 tasty / delicious *mri¹
696 tea *dʒa¹
697 tears (“eye-water”) *mjare¹
698 temple *ɬæwo
699 ten *tɕʰetɕʰe¹
700 ten (bound), -ty *zi
701 ten thousand *mbwo²
702 tender, young (plant) *zæzæ¹
703 tendon *bru²
704 testicle *zulje¹
705 tether (a cow) *kʰepʰui¹
706 thick *rdurdu
707 thigh *-pʰja
708 thin *bi¹
709 thin (in diameter) / fine *tsʰjetsʰje¹
710 thing, tool *(pʰe)ŋgwo²
711 think / idea / opinion *ndʑindʑa²
712 thirsty *deʃo
713 this side / here *kwopʰo
714 this year *tsʰehĩ¹
715 thorn / splinter *ntʃʰiu¹
716 thousand; ten cents *htũ²
717 thread (a needle) *su¹
718 three *sjẽ²
719 three days from now *miso
720 throat *myihkwo¹
721 throw / hurl / toss *tsʰje¹
722 thumb *lemæ¹
723 thunder *megi²
724 Tibetan *pʰui¹
725 tie up, bind *tsɑ¹
726 tiger *læ¹
727 tight / taut *kʰesu¹
728 tile *ŋgo²
729 tired, fatigued *nebre¹
730 tobacco / cigarette *ji¹
731 today *tæniu¹
732 tomb *mo¹
733 tomorrow *soniu²
734 tomorrow night / evening *somwoŋkʰwo
735 tongs (fire) *kæmbæ¹
736 tongue *ht(s)ipi²
737 tonight *t(w)ɑh(w)ã¹
738 tooth *xui¹
739 topple / tear down (a wall) *nedʑo
740 torch *ʂu
741 tree *sẽpu¹
742 true *tɑ¹
743 trunk *seŋgrɑ¹
744 turn (a corner) *putɕʷew / gutɕʷew
745 turn around *ŋeleʂi¹
746 kind of turnip ( yuángēn) *ŋe¹
747 twenty *netsʰi¹
748 twist (hemp fibers) between the palms *dego¹
749 two *ne¹
750 uncle (mother’s brother) *ɣwEmo / æɣwE¹
751 under *kʰuija
752 upper part *gɑpʰo¹
753 urine *mbrɑ¹
754 use *zjẽ¹
755 used / old *pʰælæ¹
756 vagina *htɕi¹
757 vat / jar *tʂʰwæ
758 village *xu¹
759 vomit, spit *mpʰi²
760 waist *dʒu¹
761 wait *kʰelo¹
762 wake up *detɕa¹
763 walk *xui
764 walking stick *(d)zibu¹
765 wall (stone) *lodʑu¹
766 walnut *kʰɑrV¹
767 want (to go) *debwo¹
768 want / need *hõ¹
769 wash (clothes) *tsʰe²
770 watch, look *hto
771 water / soup *re¹
772 water, river *dʒiu¹
773 we *ɑdo(ri)¹
774 we (dual) *ɑdzje / adzɑ¹
775 wear (a bracelet) *desæ¹
776 wear (a garment) *deɣui¹
777 wear (a hat) *detsu¹
778 weave / knit *de¹
779 wedge *ndzẽ¹
780 weigh (v.) *ndʒew
781 welcome, receive somebody *tse
782 west *niu¹
783 wet *dzjẽdzjẽ²
784 what *(h)æne
785 wheat *ʃæ¹
786 when *nikʰæ²
787 white *deliu¹
788 who *se²
789 wide / broad *(d)zi²
790 widow *tʃʰiumæ
791 willow *mbro¹
792 win *tʰekʰwɑ¹
793 wind *meli / mele²
794 wind (thread onto a keel) *tɕo¹
795 window *pwondʐoŋgæ²
796 wing *du(liu)¹
797 winnow *ɬje¹
798 winnowing tray / basket *lipʰi / læpʰi¹
799 wipe (the table) *pʰjapʰja¹
800 wok (large, iron) / pan *dʐiu¹
801 wood / log *sẽ¹
802 work / labor *belæ¹
803 worry / be anxious *sæmbæ² neɕi
804 wound *lɑkʰɑ / lokʰɑ¹
805 wrap (v.) *kʰekuliu¹
806 write *riu¹
807 yak *rA
808 yak (male) *bu¹
809 yawn *xɑ¹ mu
810 year *diutʂʰe¹
811 year after next *ndʒihĩ²
812 year before last *ʂo(ji)hĩ¹
813 yellow *ʂiu¹ (< Yi?)
814 yesterday *janiu¹
815 you *ne / no²
816 you (pl.) *neri
817 you two *nedzje / nedzɑ¹
818 young lad / chap *mpʰrozæ¹
819 younger sibling *ninɑ¹

References

[edit]
  • Yu, Dominic. 2012. Proto-Ersuic. Ph.D. dissertation. Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley, Department of Linguistics.
Vocabulary lists of Southeast Asian languages
Sino-Tibetan

p-Tibeto-Burman • Old Chinese (basic) • p-Southern Min • Macro-Bai • p-Tujia • p-Naish • p-Ersuic • Guiqiong • Horpa • p-Lolo-Burmese • p-Lalo • Lalo • Akha • Woni • Axi • Nesu • Yi (Mihei) • Kathu • Gong • p-Karenic • p-Luish • p-Bodo-Garo • Kuki-Chin • Suansu • Jejara • Mru • p-W. Tibetan • Tibetan (Lajiao) • Amdo Tibetan • Zakhring • Tshangla • Kho-Bwa • Mey • p-Puroik • p-Hrusish • Koro • Greater Siangic • Raji-Raute • Dhimalish • Baram-Thangmi • Bhujel • p-Kham • Dura • Bunan • (Nepal)

Austroasiatic

p-Austroasiatic (Swadesh) • p-Munda • p-Khasian • p-Palaungic • Quang Lam • p-Khmuic • p-Pakanic • p-Vietic • p-Katuic • p-Bahnaric • p-Pearic • p-Khmeric • p-Monic • p-Aslian • p-Nicobarese

Hmong-Mien

p-Hmong-Mien • Hmong-Mien • p-Hmongic • Pa-Hng • Xong • Pana • She • p-Mienic • Mienic • Mien (Gongcheng) • Biao Min (Shikou)

Kra-Dai

p-Kra-Dai • p-Kra • Laha • Qabiao • Gelao • p-Kam-Sui • Kam-Sui (Hunan) • p-Lakkia • Biao • p-Tai • Zhuang (Tiandeng) • Bouyei • p-Be • Jizhao • p-Hlai • Jiamao

Austronesian

p-Austronesian