o

See also: Appendix:Variations of "o" and O

o U+006F, o LATIN SMALL LETTER O ← n [U+006E] Basic Latin p → [U+0070]

Character variations

ᵒ U+1D52, ᵒ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL O ← ᵑ [U+1D51] Phonetic Extensions ᵓ → [U+1D53]

ｏ U+FF4F, ｏ FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER O ← ｎ [U+FF4E] Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｐ → [U+FF50]

Languages (125)

Translingual • English

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Achang • Albanian • Aragonese • Asturian • Azerbaijani • Basque • Borôro • Breton • Catalan • Central Mazahua • Chavacano • Chinese • Chungli Ao • Corsican • Crimean Tatar • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Esperanto • Estonian • Extremaduran • Fala • Faroese • Fijian • Finnish • Franco-Provençal • French • Fula • Gagauz • Galician • German • Gothic • Hawaiian • Hungarian • Icelandic • Ido • Igbo • Indonesian • Irish • Italian • Italiot Greek • Japanese • Kankanaey • Kapampangan • Kashubian • Khiamniungan Naga • Khumi Chin • Kikuyu • Korop • Ladin • Ladino • Latin • Latvian • Ligurian • Lithuanian • Livonian • Lower Sorbian • Lower Tanana • Malay • Maltese • Mandarin • Māori • Mbya Guarani • Middle English • Middle Irish • Middle Low German • Mokilese • Navajo • Neapolitan • North Frisian • Norwegian • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nupe • Occitan • Old English • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Irish • Old Polish • Old Spanish • O'odham • Paraguayan Guarani • Pnar • Polish • Portuguese • Rapa Nui • Romani • Romanian • Samoan • Sardinian • Scots • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Sicilian • Silesian • Skolt Sami • Slovak • Slovene • Slovincian • Somba-Siawari • Spanish • Sranan Tongo • Swedish • Tagalog • Tat • Tok Pisin • Tokelauan • Tooro • Turkish • Turkmen • Uduk • Ukpet-Ehom • Vietnamese • Volapük • Welsh • Wolaytta • Yele • Yola • Yoruba • Zaghawa • Zazaki • Zhuang • Zou • Zulu

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Page categories

Translingual

Letter

o (upper case O)

1. The fifteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

   (superscript) See º.

Pronunciation

• Pronunciation of IPA [oː]:

  (file)

Symbol

o

1. (IPA) a close-mid back rounded vowel.
2. (superscript ⟨ᵒ⟩, IPA) [o]-coloring (such as [o]-like labialization of a consonant) or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [o].
3. (transcription, superscript ⟨ᵒ⟩) marks a labialized consonant.

   Synonym: ˚

Gallery

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions of O, in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase O in Fraktur

See also

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter O):  Óó  Òò  Ŏŏ  Ôô  Ốố  Ồồ  Ỗỗ  Ổổ  Ǒǒ  Öö  Ȫȫ  Őő  Õõ  Ṍṍ  Ṏṏ  Ȭȭ  Ȯȯ  Ȱȱ  Øø  Ǿǿ  Ǫǫ  Ǭǭ  Ōō  Ṓṓ  Ō̂ō̂  Ṑṑ  Ỏỏ  Ȍȍ  Ȏȏ  Ơơ  Ớớ  Ờờ  Ỡỡ  Ởở  Ợợ  Ọọ  Ộộ  Ɵɵ  ⱺ  ᴏ  Ｏｏ  Ꜵꜵ  Œœ  Ꝏꝏ  Ꝍꝍ  Ȣȣ

Other representations of O:

NATO phonetic: Oscar Morse code: ––– Braille: ⠕ ASL Manual: O

Signal flag:

Semaphore:

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈəʊ/

• Audio (Received Pronunciation):

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈoʊ/

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

• Homophones: O, oh; owe (toe–tow merger)
• Rhymes: -əʊ

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O, plural os or o's)

1. The fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
2. Alternative form of ο, the fifteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets, called omicron and (astronomy) used as an abbreviation of omicron in star names.

   The system's Bayer designation is o Persei.

See also

• (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Number

o (lower case, upper case O, plural os or o's)

1. The fifteenth numeral symbol of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Noun

o (plural oes)

1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.
2. A zero (used in reading out numbers).

   It is currently two-o-five in the afternoon (2:05 PM).

   The first permanent English settlement in America was in Jamestown in sixteen-o-seven (1607).

Alternative forms

• oh

Derived terms

• closed o
• kayo
• o-dark-thirty
• okay
• o-machine
• open o

Descendants

• ⇒ Alabama: òoka

Translations

name of the letter O, o

• Alabama: òoka
• Arabic: أُوه m (ʔūh), أُوه m (ʔoh)
• Asturian: o (ast)
• Bengali: ও (bn) (ō)
• Bulgarian: о (bg) n (o)
• Burmese: အို (my) (ui)
• Catalan: o (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: (English letter names are called as in English, no other standard Mandarin name exists)

• Esperanto: o (eo)
• Finnish: oo (fi)
• French: o (fr)
• Galician: o (gl) m
• Greek: όου n (óou)
• Hawaiian: ʻō
• Hindi: ओ (hi) (o)
• Ido: o (io)
• Irish: ó, onn
• Japanese: オウ (ja) (ō)
• Korean: 오 (ko) (o)
• Latin: ō (la)
• Malay: o (ms)
• Marathi: ओ (o)
• Occitan: o (oc) f
• Portuguese: ó (pt) m, ô (pt) m
• Russian: о́у (ru) n (óu) (English), о (ru) n (o)
• Spanish: o (es) f
• Thai: โอ (th) (oo)
• Turkish: o (tr)
• Vietnamese: o (vi)

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee/zed ^{(Category: en:Latin letter names)}
• oh

Etymology 2

Particle

o

1. (nonstandard) alternative form of O (vocative particle)
   • 2007, The Bay Psalm Book, Cosimo Classics, published 1640, p.37, 41 & 46:

     I lift my soule to thee o Lord
     mee, o Iehovah, heare
     In thee, o Lord, I put my trust

Translations

vocative particle to mark direct address — see O

Interjection

o

1. Alternative form of oh.

Noun

o

1. (IRC, acronym of) Operator
2. (acronym of) Object, see SVO

Adjective

o

1. Clipping of over.

Etymology 3

See o'.

Preposition

o

2. Alternative form of of.

Achang

Pronunciation

• (Myanmar) /ɔ˧/
• (Xiandao) [ɔ³¹]

Verb

o

1. to like
2. (Xiandao) Used after a verb to indicate a request for an action to be done.

   Nvng loh o!

   Go!

Derived terms

• o mes

Further reading

• Inglis, Douglas; Sampu, Nasaw; Jaseng, Wilai; Jana, Thocha (2005), A preliminary Ngochang–Kachin–English Lexicon‎^[3], Payap University, page 104

Albanian

Alternative forms

• -o

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oː/

Particle

o

2. O (emphatic vocative marker of nouns)

   O malet e Shqipërisë!

   O mountains of Albania!

Usage notes

Used with indefinite forms only. Can be placed either before or after the noun:

• Qup (“Coby”, indefinite) + -o → Qup-o (“O Coby”).
• o + Qup → o Qup (“O Coby”).

Further reading

• "o pjesëz", in Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin illum, accusative form of ille (“that”).

Article

o m (definite singulars)

1. the

   O río Ebro ― The Ebro River

Usage notes

• Becomes l' before many words beginning with a vowel.
• The form lo, either pronounced as lo or ro, can be found after words ending with an -o.
• Eastern dialects use the form el.

Asturian

Alternative forms

• ó (obsolete spelling)
• ou (Western)
• u (Cabrales, Miranda, Allande, Valdés)

Etymology

From Latin aut.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/ [o]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: o

Conjunction

o

1. or

Further reading

• García Arias, Xosé Lluis (2002–2004), “o”, in Diccionario general de la lengua asturiana [General Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (overall work in Spanish), Editorial Prensa Asturiana, →ISBN
• “o”, in Diccionariu de la llingua asturiana [Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Asturian), 1st edition, Academy of the Asturian Language [Asturian: Academia de la Llingua Asturiana], 2000, →ISBN

Azerbaijani

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɔ/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) hərf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Əə, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Xx, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Qq, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz

Etymology 2

From Old Anatolian Turkish اول (ol), Proto-Turkic *ol.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/
• (Sonqori) IPA^(key): /u/ (as if spelled u)

Pronoun

Other scripts

Cyrillic		о
Arabic		او

o (definite accusative onu, plural onlar)

1. he, she, it

   O evdə deyil ― S/he is not at home.

   O çox yaxşı insandır. ― S/he is a very good person.

Declension

Azerbaijani personal pronouns

	singular				plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
nominative	mən	sən	o		biz	siz	onlar
accusative	məni	səni	onu		bizi	sizi	onları
dative	mənə	sənə	ona		bizə	sizə	onlara
locative	məndə	səndə	onda		bizdə	sizdə	onlarda
ablative	məndən	səndən	ondan		bizdən	sizdən	onlardan
genitive	mənim	sənin	onun		bizim	sizin	onların

Derived terms

• onunku

Determiner

o

1. that, that one

   Antonym: bu

   O evdə deyil ― S/he isn't at that house.

   • 2010 January 22, joy.az‎^[4], archived from the original on 4 March 2022:

     Amma nə xoş o insana ki, səhvini başa düşüb və tövbə edib haqq yoluna qayıdır

     But blissful is the/that person who realizes his mistake and repents and returns to the path of righteous.

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/, [o̞]

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Noun

o (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta

Borôro

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔ/

Noun

o

1. tooth

Breton

Determiner

o (requires spirant mutation)

1. their

   o zad ― their father

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈo̞]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central) [ˈɔ]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈo]

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Catalan alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lletres; A a (À à), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï), J j, K k, L l (L·L l·l), M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Etymology 2

From Latin aut.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈu]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈo]

Conjunction

o

1. or

Derived terms

• o bé

Central Mazahua

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. A letter of the Central Mazahua alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ⱥ ⱥ, A̱ a̱, B b, C c, Cꞌ cꞌ, Cj cj, Cu cu, Cꞌu cꞌu, Cju cju, Ch ch, Chꞌ chꞌ, Chj chj, D d, Dy dy, E e, Ɇ ɇ, E̱ e̱, G g, Gu gu, Hu hu, ꞌHu ꞌhu, I i, I̱ i̱, J j, Jꞌ jꞌ, Jm jm, Jn jn, Jñ jñ, Ju ju, Jy jy, L l, M m, Mꞌ mꞌ, N n, Nꞌ nꞌ, Ñ ñ, Ñꞌ ñꞌ, O o, Ø ø, O̱ o̱, P p, Pj pj, R r, S s, T t, Tꞌ tꞌ, Tj tj, Ts ts, Tsꞌ tsꞌ, Tsj tsj, U u, Ꞹ ꞹ, U̱ u̱, X x, Z z, Zh zh, ꞌ

Chavacano

Etymology 1

Inherited from Spanish o (“or”), from Latin aut.

Conjunction

o

1. or

Etymology 2

Inherited from Spanish o.

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. the eighteenth letter of the mixed etymological script

Chinese

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ōu (ou¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄡ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ōu
    • Zhuyin: ㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ou
    • Wade–Giles: ou¹
    • Yale: ōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ou
    • Palladius: оу (ou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Verb

o

1. (slang, Mainland China) to overdose

   • 小美怎麼o，一次o多少t？
     pr80可以與晚安一起o嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
     小美怎么o，一次o多少t？
     pr80可以与晚安一起o吗？ [MSC, simp.]

     From: June 26, 2024, 别让这些药物毁了孩子的一生 (Don't let these drugs ruin your child's life), Shanghai Law Journal

     Xiǎoměi zěnme ōu, yīcì ōu duōshào tì?
     Pì'érbālíng kěyǐ yǔ wǎn'ān yīqǐ ōu ma? [Pinyin]

     How to overdose DXM? How many tablets should I overdose one time?
     Can pregabalin be overdosed together with amantadine?

Chungli Ao

Etymology

From Proto-Central Naga *a-(h)ju.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /u˧/, [u˧]

Noun

o

1. word, speech

Derived terms

• ola
• osang
• ozüng

Further reading

• Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga‎^[5], Berkeley: University of California, pages 88, 203
• Gowda, K. S. Gurubasave (1985), Ao-English-Hindi Dictionary, Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, page 23
• Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 180

Corsican

Etymology

From Latin aut. Cognates include Italian o and Spanish o.

Conjunction

o

1. or

References

• http://infcor.adecec.net/

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ol. Compare Turkish o and Azerbaijani o.

Pronoun

o

1. (personal pronoun) he, she, it

   Synonym: (Northern dialect) anav

2. (demonstrative pronoun) that

Declension

Declension of Crimean Tatar personal pronouns

	singular				plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
nominative	men	sen	o		biz	siz	olar
accusative	meni	seni	onı		bizni	sizni	olarnı
dative	maña	saña	oña		bizge	sizge	olarǧa
locative	mende	sende	onda		bizde	sizde	olarda
ablative	menden	senden	ondan		bizden	sizden	olardan
genitive	menim	seniñ	onıñ		bizim	siziñ	olarnıñ

References

• “o”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

Czech

Alternative forms

• vo (Common Czech)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

o [with locative]

1. about

Preposition

o [with accusative]

1. for
2. indicating extent of difference (with comparatives)

   o šedesát procent větší ― sixty percent larger

   o rok starší ― a year older

   o pět let mladší ― five years younger

Further reading

• “o”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “o”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Particle

o

1. (higher register or humorous) Vocative particle.
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -oː
• IPA^(key): /oː/

• Audio:

  (file)

Interjection

o

1. oh

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• Previous letter: n
• Next letter: p

Adjective

o

1. (grammar) abbreviation of onzijdig (“neuter”)

   Coordinate terms: m, v

Esperanto

Pronunciation

(phoneme)

• IPA^(key): /o/

(letter)

• IPA^(key): /ˈo/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) litero; Aa, Bb, Cc, Ĉĉ, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ĝĝ, Hh, Ĥĥ, Ii, Jj, Ĵĵ, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Ŝŝ, Tt, Uu, Ŭŭ, Vv, Zz

Noun

o (accusative singular o-on, plural o-oj, accusative plural o-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo ^{(Category: eo:Latin letter names)}

Further reading

• “o”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “o”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Estonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈoː/, [ˈoː]

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called oo and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

Extremaduran

Etymology

From Latin aut. Cognates include Spanish o and Italian o.

Conjunction

o

1. or

Fala

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese o, from Latin illo (“he”).

Article

o m sg (plural os, feminine a, feminine plural as)

1. (Mañegu) Masculine singular definite article; the
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     O términu de Valverdi, mais grandi, limita con Portugal, precisamenti con dois distintius Departamentos, que eran Beira Alta con capital en Guarda, a Beira Baixa con capital en Castelo Branco.

     The Valverde locality, the biggest, borders Portugal, more precisely with two distinct departments, which were Beira Alta with Guarda as its capital, and Beira Baixa with Castelo Branco as its capital.

Pronoun

o

1. (Mañegu) Third person singular masculine accusative pronoun; him

See also

Fala personal pronouns

			nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
singular	first person		ei	me, -mi		mi
	second person		tú	te, -ti		ti
	third person	m	el	le, -li	uLV, oM	el
		f	ela		a	ela
plural	first person	common	nos	musL nusLV nos, -nusM		nos
		m	noshotrusM			noshotrusM
		f	noshotrasM			noshotrasM
	second person	common	vos	vusLV vos, -vusM		vos
		m	voshotrusM			voshotrusM
		f	voshotrasM			voshotrasM
	third person	m	elis	le, -li	usLV, osM	elis
		f	elas		as	elas
third person reflexive			—	se, -si		sí

Dialects:  ^L Lagarteiru   ^M Mañegu   ^V Valverdeñu

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese ou, from Latin aut (“or”).

Conjunction

o

1. or
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme 6:

     Poin encontralsi, a o millol, hasta “oito” o mais.

     There can be found, at best, up to “eight” or more.

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web), 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 212

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oː/
• Homophones: og, ov

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The seventeenth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) bókstavur; Aa, Áá, Bb, Dd, Ðð, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Íí, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Óó, Pp, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Úú, Vv, Yy, Ýý, Ææ, Øø

Fijian

Etymology

From Proto-Central Pacific *qao, from Proto-Oceanic *qaʀoq.

Noun

ō

1. cloud

References

• Gatty, Ronald (2009), “o”, in Fijian–English Dictionary‎^[6], Suva, Fiji: Ronald Gatty, →ISBN, page 185

Finnish

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German, and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and o for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

• (sound): IPA^(key): /o/

• Audio; “oo, mopo, orava, oo”:

  (file)

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called oo and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

Verb

o

1. (colloquial) third-person singular indicative present of olla

   Kyl se o iha mielenkiintost hommaa kuitenki.

   Still it's a pretty interesting job.

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin hoc (“this”, neuter).

Pronoun

o (postpositive -o) (ORB, broad)

1. this, that, it (third-person singular neuter nominative or accusative)
2. it (impersonal)

   Synonym: il

See also

Franco-Provençal personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	tonic1	possessive2
singular	1st person		jo	mè			min
	2nd person		te	tè			tin
	3rd person	masculine	il	lo / le	lui		sin
		feminine	el	la	lyé
		neuter	o		y	—
		reflexive	—	sè
plural	1st person		nos				noutro
	2nd person		vos				voutro
	3rd person	masculine	ils	los / les	lor		lor
		feminine	els	les	lor / lyés
		reflexive	—	sè

¹ Disjunctive or object of a preposition.   ² Generally preceded by a definite article.

References

• il [2] in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• o in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

Further information

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “hŏc”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 441

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -o

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The fifteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

• e dans l'o

Symbol

o

1. (computing) octet (B (byte))

Derived terms

• (computing): ko, Mo, Go, To, Po, Eo, Zo, Yo
• (computing): o/s, ko/s, Mo/s, Go/s, To/s, Po/s, Eo/s, Zo/s, Yo/s

Fula

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

See also

• (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Nd nd, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

Etymology 2

Suffix

o (plural ɓe)

1. Noun class indicator for nouns (singular) having to do with people, and for loan words

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

Pronoun

o

1. he, she (third person singular subject pronoun; short form)

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
• This is used in all conjugations except for affirmative non-accomplished (where the long form is used).

Alternative forms

• mo

Derived terms

• makko (possessive pronoun)

Related terms

• omo (second person singular subject pronoun; long form)
• himo (second person singular subject pronoun; long form; variant in Pular)
• kanko (emphatic form)

Article

o

1. (definite) the (when it follows the noun)

   Debbo o ― the woman

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

Determiner

o

1. used in indicating someone

   O debbo ― this/that woman

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

Gagauz

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish اُولْ (ol) from Proto-Turkic *ol. Compare Turkish o, Azerbaijani o, Crimean Tatar o Turkmen ol

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /(u̯)o/

Determiner

o

1. that

   o gün yaamur hem su dünneeyi buudu

   that day water and rain covered the whole world

Pronoun

o (accusative onu, plural onnar)

1. he, she, it (third person singular pronoun)

   onu tanêêrım

   I know him

2. (demonstrative) that

   ver bana onu

   give that to me

Declension

Declension of o

	singular (tekil)	plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın)	o	onnar
definite accusative (belirtme)	onu	onnarı
dative (yönelme)	ona	onnara
locative (bulunma)	onda	onnarda
ablative (çıkma)	ondan	onnardan
genitive (tamlayan)	onun	onnarın

Related terms

• anca
• ora
• osa
• ölä

Further reading

• N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “o”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 372
• Kopuşçu M. İ., Todorova S. A., Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “o”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 121

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (phoneme) /o/, (letter name) /oː/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Gagauz alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Galician

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/ [ʊ]
• Rhymes: -o

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese o, from Latin illum, from ille.

Alternative forms

• lo

Article

o m sg (feminine singular a, masculine plural os, feminine plural as)

1. masculine singular definite article; the

   Entón non se lle atopaba o romántico engado que lle atopei despois.

   Then the romantic attachment that I found later was not found in him.

Usage notes

• The definite article o (in all its forms), due to historical sandhi, regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con o (“with the”) contracts to co, and en o (“in the”) contracts to no.
• The definite article o (in all its forms), due to historical sandhi, contracts with preceding words which ends in [s] or [r] into the second form of the article lo (la, los, las); this feature, frequent in spoken Galician, is not always marked in the written language. When done, a hyphen is used to separate both words:

Debes comer o caldo ~ Debes come-lo caldo ― You should eat the soup

Derived terms

Galician contractions with definite articles

		article
preposition		singular		plural
		o	a	os	as
a		ao (ó)	á	aos (ós)	ás
con		co	coa	cos	coas
de		do	da	dos	das
en		no	na	nos	nas
por		polo	pola	polos	polas

See also

Galician articles

	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Definite articles (the)	o	a	os	as
Indefinite articles (a, an, some)	un	unha	uns	unhas

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

o

1. accusative of el

Usage notes

The Galician pronouns, being atones, are usually appended to the verb; though sandhi, o could acquire the form -no (for example, when appended to a verb form ended in a falling diphthong or in a nasal consonant, the nasal in -no having an antihiatic epenthetic origin) or -lo (when appended to a verb form ended in a -s or -r, the l having its origin in the assimilation of the -s or -r with the l present in the pronoun before the 12th century).

See also

Galician personal pronouns

number	person		nominative (subject)	accusative (direct object)	dative (indirect object)	prepositional	prepositional with con	non-declining
singular	first		eu	me		min	comigo	—
	second		ti	te	che	ti	contigo	vostede
	third	m	el	o (lo, no)	lle	el	con el	—
		f	ela	a (la, na)		ela	con ela	—
plural	first		nós nosoutros m nosoutras f	nos		nós	connosco	—
	second		vós vosoutros m vosoutras f	vos		vós	convosco	vostedes
	third	m	eles	os (los, nos)	lles	eles	con eles	—
		f	elas	as (las, nas)		elas	con elas	—
reflexive third / indefinite			—	se		si	consigo	—

Etymology 3

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔ/ [ˈɔ]
• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Homophone: ó

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Galician alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

o m (plural os)

1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï), L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, X x, Z z
• (Latin-script letter names) letra; a, be, ce, de, e, efe, gue, hache, i, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, que, erre, ese, te, u, uve, xe, ceta / zeta

Further reading

• “o”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
• “o”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2026
• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “o”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “o”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “o”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

German

Pronunciation

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Interjection

o

1. O
   • 1843, Gallus Schwab, Gebetbuch für katholische Christen, Bamberg, page 45:

     Sei gegrüßet, o Du mein Jesu! Mit tieftster Demuth bete ich Dich an und verehre Dich!

     Hail, O Thou my Jesus! With deepest humility I worship Thee and adore Thee!

Gothic

Romanization

ō

1. romanization of 𐍉

Hawaiian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /o/

Conjunction

o

1. or, lest

Preposition

o

1. of, belonging to

Usage notes

• Used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars), while a is used for acquired possessions.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈo]
• (letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈo]

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	o	o-k
accusative	o-t	o-kat
dative	o-nak	o-knak
instrumental	o-val	o-kkal
causal-final	o-ért	o-kért
translative	o-vá	o-kká
terminative	o-ig	o-kig
essive-formal	o-ként	o-kként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	o-ban	o-kban
superessive	o-n	o-kon
adessive	o-nál	o-knál
illative	o-ba	o-kba
sublative	o-ra	o-kra
allative	o-hoz	o-khoz
elative	o-ból	o-kból
delative	o-ról	o-król
ablative	o-tól	o-któl
non-attributive possessive – singular	o-é	o-ké
non-attributive possessive – plural	o-éi	o-kéi

Possessive forms of o

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	o-m	o-im
2nd person sing.	o-d	o-id
3rd person sing.	o-ja	o-i
1st person plural	o-nk	o-ink
2nd person plural	o-tok	o-itok
3rd person plural	o-juk	o-ik

See also

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Zs zs

Further reading

• o in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɔː] (letter name)

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Рð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö

Ido

Pronunciation

• (context pronunciation, letter name) IPA^(key): /o/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Conjunction

o

1. apocopic form of od

Related terms

• e (“and”)
• a (“to”)

Igbo

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• ọ (retracted tongue position)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

Pronoun

o (dependent form, independent form ya)

1. (personal, epicene) he, she, it

   O nyere m mmiri.

   She gave me water.

See also

Igbo personal pronouns

		dependent	independent	object/possessive
Singular	first	m, a/e- ... -m	m, mụ
	second	ị, i	ngị, gị	gị
	third	ọ, o	ya
Plural	first	anyị
	second	ụnụ
	third	ha, a/e- ... -ha	ha
Indefinite		a/e	-	-

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /o/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /o/, [o], [ɔ]

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Irish

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (Á á), B b (Bh bh, bhF bhf, bP bp), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh, dT dt), E e (É é), F f (Fh fh), G g (gC gc, Gh gh), H h, I i (Í í), L l, M m (mB mb, Mh mh), N n (nD nd, nG ng), O o (Ó ó), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th, tS ts), U u (Ú ú), V v
• (diacritics) ◌́ ◌̇
• (dotted letters used chiefly in Gaelic type) Ḃ ḃ, Ċ ċ, Ḋ ḋ, Ḟ ḟ, Ġ ġ, Ṁ ṁ, Ṗ ṗ, Ṡ ẛ ṡ, Ṫ ṫ

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin ō (the name of the letter O).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔ/^*
• Homophone: ho
• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Hyphenation: ò

Letter

o f or m (lower case, upper case O, invariable)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Noun

o f (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, i lunga, kappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon, zeta

Etymology 2

From Latin aut.

Alternative forms

• od (used optionally before words beginning with a vowel)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/^*, /o/
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Hyphenation: o
• (historical, Romanesco) IPA^(key): /ˈɔ/^*
  • Rhymes: -ɔ
  • Hyphenation: ò

Conjunction

o

1. or

Further reading

• o in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Etymology 3

Verb

o

1. misspelling of ho

Italiot Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ὁ (ho)

Article

o

1. The definite article.

Inflection

The definite article

number	singular			plural
case
	m	f	n	m	f	n
nominative	o	i, e	to	i, e		ta
genitive	tu	ti(s)	tu	to(s)
accusative	to(n)	ti(n)	to	tu(s)	te(s)	ta

Japanese

Romanization

o

1. The hiragana syllable お (o) or the katakana syllable オ (o) in Hepburn romanization.
2. The hiragana syllable を (o) or the katakana syllable ヲ (o) in Hepburn romanization. (as particle)

Kankanaey

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Tagalog o. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English o.

Pronunciation

• (letter name)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔo/ [ˈʔo]
    • Rhymes: -o
    • Syllabification: o
  • IPA^(key): (alternative) /ˈʔow/ [ˈʔoʊ̯]
    • Rhymes: -ow
    • Syllabification: o
• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ˈo/ [ˈo]
  • Rhymes: -o

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The seventeenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Noun

o

1. The name of the Latin script letter o/O.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
• (Latin-script letter names) letra; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, endyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔo/ [ˈʔo]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: o

Noun

o

1. head, skull, top

Derived terms

• ipango
• mamango
• pam-oan
• pango
• pangoan
• pangpangoan

References

• Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016), Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎^[7] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11
• Morice Vanoverbergh (1933), “o”, in A Dictionary of Lepanto Igorot or Kankanay. As it is spoken at Bauco (Linguistische Anthropos-Bibliothek; XII)‎^[8], Mödling bei Wien, St. Gabriel, Österreich: Verlag der Internationalen Zeitschrift „Anthropos“, →OCLC, page 325

Kapampangan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈo/ [ˈo]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish o (“or”).

Conjunction

o

1. or

   Synonyms: o kaya, ekaya

   Mangan ka o pinandit naka?

   Are you going to eat or later?

   Mansanas o sagin.

   Apple or banana?

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• oh

Particle

o

1. (colloquial) sentence-ending particle used to express warning or to catch someone's attention; see also oy, uy and ay

   Palako nayu o.

   S/he's leaving.

   Makanini namu o.

   Just do it this way.

   Nanu o.

   What? huh?

2. (colloquial) used as a vocative particle to address the topic in question

   Juan o lawen me.

   John! look!

   Ginu o sana iligtas yu.

   God, I hope you help us!

   Mina o aini na.

   Mina, here it is.

Interjection

o

1. (colloquial) expression of surprise, wonder, amazement, or awe: oh!

   Synonyms: ba, aru, uru

   O? Tutung migmakanita ya?

   No way? S/he actually did that?

   O alikaya!

   Goodness, of course not!

   O pangasanteng!

   Oh how beautiful they are!

2. (colloquial) used to refer to something given or offered to someone: here you are! here you go!

   Synonyms: aini, aita, ayan

   Juan, kanan mune o.

   Juan, eat this. Here you go.

   Panyulat? O aine o.

   You want a ballpen? Here you go.

3. (interrogative) used to ask for more information with a request.

   Synonyms: po, na, ows

   O mamaus ka?

   Yes? Are you calling me?

   O nanung buri?

   What? What do you want?

Adverb

o

1. (colloquial) used to make a suggestion; what about; how about

   Synonym: kaya

   Oika? Mipakananu naka?

   What about you? How are you now?

   Oiya? Mananu?

   What about him/her? What would happen to him/her?

   Oita? Pakananu ya?

   How about that? How was it?

Kashubian

Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and o for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The twentieth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, àã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

Khiamniungan Naga

Etymology

The Khiamniungan Naga language is presently written using the Latin alphabet. No indigenous or alternative script has been documented from earlier periods in the language's history. For a detailed description of the writing system's conventions including vowel and Consonant representation, tone marking (such as the use of h for glottal, the letter ü is pronounced ə), and orthographic rules, see the Wikipedia article on the Khiamniungan alphabet.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ³³/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. (Patsho) The fourteenth letter of the Khiamniungan Naga alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ch ch, E e, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, Ng ng, Ny ny, O o, P p, Ph ph, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, Ts ts, Tsh tsh, U u, Ü ü, V v, W w, Y y

Pronunciation guide

Uppercase	IPA	Canonical Pronunciation	Phonetic examples in English	Phonetic examples in Khiamniungan Naga
A	a	aa	father	āmpāu(pastor)
Ch	tʃʰ	tʃʰə	chair, watch	chām(book)
E	ɛ	a	bed, elephant	ēm(colony of Jhumland)
H	h	hə	husband	hǖhêi(hello)
I	i	ee	beet	îe(winnowing tray)
J	tʃ	tʃə	picture, culture, nature	jām(house)
K	k	kə	sky, skip	kēu(uncle)
Kh	kʰ	kʰə	canoe, Cost, cat	khèu(head)
L	l	lə	alone	lāi(spear)
M	m	mə	money	màu(ant)
N	n	nə	nine, never	nòk
Ng	ŋ	ŋə	sing, throng	ngēm(news)
Ny	ɲ	ɲə	canyon, bunyan	nyù(mother)
O	ɔ	ɔ	orange	ônyù(sky)
P	P	pə	spill, span	pòu(father)
Ph	pʰ	pʰə	pound	phōh(hand)
S	ʃ	ʃə	sound	sā(liver)
Sh	ʃʰ	ʃʰə	shine	shām(mat)
T	t	tə	stop, stand	tòuh(wild pig)
Th	tʰ	tʰə	Thomas	thoi(pumking)
Ts	ts	tsə	cats, hats, pizza	tsēm(salt)
Tsh	Tsʰ	Tsʰə	tshep(kiss)	tshō(traditional basket)
U	ʊ, u	ʊ, u	look, hoop	ûo(goat)
Ü	ə	ə	banana	chǖlám
V	v	və	very	vèu(chicken)
W	w	wə	watt	wā(flour)
Y	j	jə	yellow	yòh(pig)
Glottal(h) is used at the end of the word	ʔ	ʔ stop	Mountain, button, cotton	chāh(through)

Khumi Chin

O.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔo˧/

Noun

o

1. pig

References

• K. E. Herr (2011), The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin‎^[9], Payap University, page 47

Kikuyu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/

Pronoun

o (third person plural)

1. they

Related terms

• -ao (“their”)

See also

Kikuyu independent personal pronouns

	singular	plural
1st person	niĩ	ithuĩ
2nd person	we /wɛ(ː)/	inyuĩ
3rd person	we /wɛ/	o

References

• “o” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 355. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Korop

Pronoun

o

1. he or she (third person singular)

References

• John Muniru et al., A Sociolinguistic Profile of Five Upper Cross Language Varieties in Cross River State, Nigeria (2022), Journal of Language Survey Reports

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin aut.

Conjunction

o

1. or

Ladino

Pronunciation

• Audio (Paris):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish o (“or”), from Latin aut (“or”). Cognate with Spanish o.

Conjunction

o (Hebrew spelling או)

1. or [16th c.]

   Coordinate term: i

   • 2002, Los Muestros‎^[10], numbers 46–55, R. Capuia, page 44:

     no kalia meter livros i defteres en la kama kuando se aparejava lisyones o otros projetos, porke estos se puedian durmir i azersen pezgados, […]

     There was no need to put books and notebooks in bed when lessons or other projects were appearing, because these could rest and [then] become [more] serious.

2. either (…or)

   Antonym: ni … ni

   • 2001, Aki Yerushalayim‎^[11], volume 22, page 82:

     O porke el ke se empresto el livro se olvida, o porke se averguensa de darlo atras manchado o arazgado, o mizmo porke, segun akontese munchas vezes, el es un bibliofil para el kual es difisil de separarse de un livro ke le paso por la mano, el fakto es ke por una o otra de estas razones i munchas mas, los livros emprestados a otros raramente tornan a sus lugar, en la biblioteka del ken los empresto.

     Either because he who lent the book forgot it, or because it shames one to give it back stained or torn, or even because, as it happens a lot, he is a bibliophile for whom it is difficult to separate himself from a book that spent time in his hand, the fact is that for one or another of these reasons and many more, books lent to others rarely return to their place: in the library of who borrowed them.

Alternative forms

• ô (obsolete), u

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Spanish o (“oh”), from Latin ō.

Interjection

o (Hebrew spelling או)

1. oh
   • 1978, María del Rosario Martínez González, editor, Un marido entre dos mužeres: novela anónima en ladino‎^[12], Ameller Ediciones, →ISBN, page 32:

     ¡O, mi Dyo, lyo so muy desmazalozo!

     Oh my God, I am so unlucky!

Latin

Etymology 1

From Etruscan letter 𐌏 (o), from Ancient Greek letter ο (o, “omicron”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤏 (ʿ, “ayin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁹.

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. A letter of the Latin alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

From the letter’s own long vowel sound. Compare οὖ (oû). An Etruscan etymon is not reconstructible, since Etruscan letter-names are unknown.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɔː]

Noun

ō n or f (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.

Coordinate terms

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

Etymology 3

Expressive. Particle sense 1 is semantic loan from Ancient Greek ὦ (ô). Older Latin uses prō or bare vocative forms exclusively.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈoː], [ˈɔ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɔː]

Interjection

ō̆

1. Oh! (expression of surprise, pain or joy)

   Alternative form: ō̆h

   • 161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Eunuchus 297:

     o faciem pulchram! deleo omnis dehinc ex animo mulieres.

     Oh, what beautiful looks! From now on, I banish all other women from my mind

Particle

ō̆

2. O! (vocative particle)

   Alternative form: (New Latin) ô

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.2:

     O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?

     Shame on the age and on its principles! (literally, “O times! O mores!”) The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives!

   • c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Judges.3.19:

     et reversus de Galgalis ubi erant idola dixit ad regem verbum secretum habeo ad te o rex et ille imperavit silentium egressisque omnibus qui circa eum erant

     then returning from Galgal, where the idols were, he said to the king: I have a secret message to thee, O king. And he commanded silence: and all being gone out that were about him

References

• o in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• o in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "o", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “o”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[13], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • monstrous: o facinus indignum! (Ter. Andr. 1. 1. 118)
    
  • to take the military oath: sacramentum (o) dicere (vid. sect. XI. 2, note sacramentum...)
    
• o in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Latvian

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): [uə̯], [o], [oː]

Letter

O

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The twenty-third letter of the Latvian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

In native Latvian words (and in some older borrowings), o represents the sound of IPA [uə̯] (e.g., otrs [uə̯tɾs]). In more recent borrowings, it represents the original sound of the word, i.e. [o] or [oː] (e.g., opera [oːpeɾa]).

See also

• (Latvian letters) latviešu burti; Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): [o]

Noun

o m (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.

See also

• (Latvian letter names) latviešu burtu vārdi; a, garais ā, bē, cē, čē, dē, e, garais ē, ef, gā, ģē, hā, i, garais ī, jē, kā, ķē, el, eļ, em, en, eņ, o, pē, er, es, eš, tē, u, garais ū, vē, zē, žē

Ligurian

Etymology

From earlier ro ← lo, from Latin illum, form of ille (“that”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /u/

Article

o m sg (plural i)

1. the

Inflection

Ligurian definite articles

	singular	plural
masculine	o	i
feminine	a	e

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. Cognate with Latgalian a and Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”). From Proto-Indo-European *h₁od; compare Sanskrit आत् (āt, “afterwards, then, so”), Avestan 𐬁𐬀𐬝 (āat̰, “afterward, then”), perhaps the ablative singular of *h₁e- (“demonstrative pronoun”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [²ˈoː]
• Rhymes: -oː
• Syllabification: õ

Conjunction

õ

1. (coordinating, adversative) and, but (used to express binary contrasts)

   Tai̇̃ ne kažkàs, ką̃ vi̇́enas gãli darýti, õ ki̇̀tas – nè. ― It's not something that some people can do but others can't.

Livonian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /o/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kēratē’ḑ; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, Ḑ ḑ, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
2. The name of the Latin script letter o/O.

See also

• See Template:list:Latin script letters/dsb.
• See Template:list:Latin script letter names/dsb.

Lower Tanana

Etymology

Related to 'o (“beyond”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/

Interjection

o

1. let it go, forget about it

References

• Kari, James et al. (2024), Kari, James, editor, Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 49

Malay

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/ (short phoneme)
• IPA^(key): /ɔː/ (long phoneme)
• In inherited words, long o occurs only next to vowelised għ or h. In Romance words, it can be long on its own.

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

Mandarin

Romanization

o (o⁵ / o⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄛ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哦

Romanization

o

1. nonstandard spelling of ō
2. nonstandard spelling of ó
3. nonstandard spelling of ǒ
4. nonstandard spelling of ò

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Māori

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/ [ɔ]

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The eleventh letter of the Māori alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ā ā, E e, Ē ē, H h, I i, Ī ī, K k, M m, N n, O o, Ō ō, P p, R r, T t, U u, Ū ū, W w, Ng ng, Wh wh

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈo/ [ˈɔ]

Particle

o

1. of
   • 2006, Joanne Barker, Sovereignty Matters, page 208:

     Ko te reo te mauri o te mana Maori.

     The language is the life principle of Maori mana.

Usage notes

Used instead of a when the possessor has no control over the relationship (inalienable possession).

Mbya Guarani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈo/, [ˈɔ]
• Rhymes: -o
• Hyphenation: o

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ok, from Proto-Tupian *ekʷ. Cognate with Paraguayan Guarani óga and Chiripá oy.

Noun

o

1. house

   o guy ― house floor

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡so, from Proto-Tupian *t͡so.

Verb

o

1. to go

Conjugation

Conjugation of o

singular			plural
1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person inclusive	1st person exclusive	2nd person	3rd person
xee aa	ndee ereo	ha'e oo	nhande jaa	ore oroo	peẽ peo	ha'e oo

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *oꞵ.

Noun

o

1. leaf (green, flat organ of most vegetative plants)

   oviru ― dry leaves

Etymology 4

Interjection

o

1. oh

Etymology 5

Noun

o

1. alternative form of 'o (“to pull off”)

References

• Robert A. Dooley (August 2016), “o”, in Léxico guarani, dialeto mbyá: guarani-português (overall work in Portuguese), Anápolis: SIL Brasil, pages 133–134

Middle English

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• ho, oo
• a (Early Middle English or Northern)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔː/
• IPA^(key): /ɑː/ (Early Middle English)
• IPA^(key): /aː/ (Northern)

Numeral

o

1. preconsonantal form of on
   • c. 1384, John Wycliffe, Wycliffe's Bible (translation from the Vulgate), Genesis 11:1:

     Forſoþe þe erþe was of oo lip, and of þe ſame wordis.

     Truly the earth was of one tongue, and of the same words.

Descendants

• Scots: ae
• Yola: o, o'

Pronoun

o

1. preconsonantal form of on

Descendants

• Scots: ae

References

• “ō̆, num.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

From Old French oh, from Latin ō.

Alternative forms

• oo, oa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔː/

Interjection

o

1. oh, ah

Descendants

• English: oh
• Yola: o

References

• “ō, interj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 3

From of, with apocope of the final f.

Alternative forms

• a

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/, /a/

Preposition

o

1. of

Descendants

• English: o', o, a
• Scots: o', o
• Yola: o', o, a

References

• “o, prep.(1)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 4

Article

o

1. (rare) alternative form of an (preconsonantal)

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Middle Irish

Preposition

o

1. alternative spelling of ó

Middle Low German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *awjō. Cognate with Old Norse ey (Swedish ö, Norwegian øy).

Pronunciation

• Stem vowel: ȫ²
  • (originally) IPA^(key): /œːj/

Noun

ö

1. island

Mokilese

Etymology

From Proto-Micronesian *awo, from Proto-Oceanic *apon, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapən.

Noun

o

1. fishing line

References

• Harrison, Sheldon P.; Albert, Salich Y. (1977), Mokilese-English Dictionary‎^[14], Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, →ISBN, page 30

Navajo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á, Ą ą, Ą́ ą́), B b, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e (É é, Ę ę, Ę́ ę́), G g, Gh gh, H h, Hw hw, X x, I i (Í í, Į į, Į́ į́), J j, K k, Kʼ kʼ, Kw kw, ʼ, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n (Ń ń), O o (Ó ó, Ǫ ǫ, Ǫ́ ǫ́), S s, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tł tł, Tłʼ tłʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

Neapolitan

Etymology 1

From Latin aut.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oː/

Particle

o

1. or

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

Article

o m

1. alternative spelling of 'o (“the”)

Pronoun

o m (accusative)

1. alternative spelling of 'o (“him, it”)

North Frisian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o], [ɐ] (reduced vowel)
• IPA^(key): [ɔ] (short full vowel)
• IPA^(key): [oː] (long vowel, spelt oo)

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• Mooring Frisian uses simple ⟨o⟩ only for [o] and in the diphthongs ⟨or, oi, ou⟩, respectively pronounced [ɔɐ̯], [ɔɪ̯], [ɔʊ̯]. Otherwise, [ɔ] is represented by ⟨å⟩.
• The spelling ⟨or⟩ for [ɐ] occurs in the Sylt Frisian prefix for-. In other dialects this is fer- with identical pronunciation.

See also

• (North Frisian letters): a, ä, å, ā, b, c, d, đ, e, ē, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, t, u, ü, v, w (q, x, y, z)

Norwegian

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /uː/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /uː/, /ʊ/, /ɔ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Letter

o (upper case O, definite singular o-en, indefinite plural o-ar, definite plural o-ane)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Norwegian Nynorsk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Interjection

o

1. (dated or humorous) oh

Pronoun

o

1. (eye dialect) pronunciation spelling of ho

References

• “o” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Nupe

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /o/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

Occitan

Etymology 1

From earlier *au, from Latin aut.

Conjunction

o

1. or

Etymology 2

Noun

o f (plural os)

1. o (the letter o, O)

Old English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oː/
• Rhymes: -oː

Noun

ō m

1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.
   • c. 998, Ælfric, Excerptiones de arte grammatica Anglice, “De littera”

     ... a, e, i, o, u. ðâs fîf stafas ætêowjað heora naman þurh hî sylfe ...

     ... a, e, i, o, u. These five letters show their names by themselves ...

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oː/
• Rhymes: -oː

Adverb

ō

1. alternative form of ā

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From earlier lo, from Latin illum (the initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish lo, Italian lo).

Pronunciation

• (article): IPA^(key): /o/

Article

o

2. the (masculine singular definite article)
   • 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 23

     Esta é como Santa Maria acrecentou o vinho no tonel, por amor da bõa dona de Bretanha.

     This is how Holy Mary added the wine to the barrel, out of love for the good lady of Britain;

   • 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 48

     Esta é como Santa Maria tolheu a agua da fonte ao cavaleiro.

     This is how Holy Mary restricted the water of the fountain from the knight.

Usage notes

• O becomes -no and a becomes -na after nasal sounds:

  Non queria o meu coraçon nen-nos meus olhos. ― She wanted neither (the) my heart nor (the) my eyes.

  Ambas eran-nas melhores que (h)omen pode cousir. ― Both were the best that (a) man can contemplate.

• O becomes -lo and a becomes -la after other consonants, and the preceding consonant is elided:

  E vós faredes depoi-lo melhor! ― And later ye shall do the best!

  Sobre toda-las bondades que ela (h)avia era que muito fiava en Santa Maria; ― Above all the virtues she possessed was how much she trusted Holy Mary.

• O becomes el- in front of the noun rei:

  Deu ora el-rei seus dinheiros a Belpelho. ― The king, then, gave his money to Belpelho.

  Se fosse seu o tesouro que el-rei de França ten. ― Were it his the treasure that the king of France has.

Descendants

• Galician: o
• Portuguese: o

Old Irish

Preposition

o [with dative]

1. alternative spelling of ó

Noun

o

1. alternative spelling of ó

Mutation

Mutation of o

radical	lenition	nasalization
o (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	o	n-o

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /ɔ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ɔ/

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi

Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab

Proto-Slavic *o(b)

Old Polish o

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b). First attested in the 14th century.

Preposition

o

1. about, concerning [with accusative or locative]
2. on, against [with accusative]
3. because of [with accusative]
4. denotes location; at [with accusative]
5. denotes location; at [with locative]
6. with, by means of [with locative]
7. (used in descriptions) with, having [with locative]
8. for [with accusative]

Descendants

• Polish: o
• Silesian: ô

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o. Particle sense 1 is a semantic loan from Latin ō̆. First attested in the 14th century.

Interjection

o

1. oh! (expression of surprise or outrage)

Particle

o

2. O... (vocative particle, used for direct address)
   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^{scan transliteration, transcription}, number 114, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:

     Opane wywol dvszø moyø myloserdny gospodzyn yprawdzywy abog nasz smylvye sø

     [O Panie, wywol duszę moję! Miłosierdny Gospodzin i prawdziwy a Bog nasz smiłuje się]

Descendants

• Polish: o

References

• Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “o”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “o”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Old Spanish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin aut (“or”).

Conjunction

o

1. or

Alternative forms

• ho

Descendants

• Ladino: o, u / או
• Spanish: o, u (used before words beginning with an ‘o’ sound), ò (archaic), ó (obsolete, used near numbers to avoid confusion with a zero: 2 ó 3)
  • → Tagalog: o

Etymology 2

From Latin ubi (“where”). Cognate with French où (“where”), Italian dove (“where”), Portuguese u (“where”).

Adverb

o

1. where

Usage notes

• O has been displaced in Modern Spanish by donde.
• O can be encountered in some Modern Spanish words such as doquiera (do (contraction of de (“of”) + o (“where”)) + quiera (“it may want”, literally “where it may want”) and its apocopic form, doquier.

Descendants

• Spanish: o

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin ō.

Interjection

o

1. oh

References

• Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946), “o”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume II, Chapel Hill, page 363

O'odham

Particle

o

1. future tense marker: will; going to.

   'Uwĭ 'at o ñei g ceoj.

   The woman will see the boy.

Usage notes

Not to be confused with 'o, the third-person auxiliary verb.

References

Zepeda, Ofelia (1983), A Tohono Oʼodham Grammar, Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, published after 1986, page 169

Paraguayan Guarani

Etymology

Clipping of óga.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -o

Noun

o

1. house

References

• Canese, Natalia Krivoshein de; Alcaraz, Feliciano Acosta (2016), “o”, in Ñe’ẽryru [Dictionary] (overall work in Spanish), Asunción: Instituto Superior de Lenguas, →ISBN, page 82, column 1

Pnar

Etymology

Compare Lamet [Nkris] ʔɔːʔ, Riang [Sak] ʔoʔ¹.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔɔ/

Pronoun

o

1. I

Usage notes

• It identifies A or S arguments and therefore "nominative". Its topic-position and accusative counterpart is nga.

Polish

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔ/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈɔ/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Syllabification: o
• Homophones: o-, -o, -o-

Etymology 1

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and o for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The twentieth letter of the Polish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi

Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab

Proto-Slavic *o(b)

Old Polish o

Polish o

Inherited from Old Polish o.

Preposition

o

1. about (concerning) [with locative]

   Opowiedz mi o twojej pracy. ― Tell me about your job.

   Ta książka jest o potędze miłości. ― This book is about the power of love.

2. at (telling the time) [with locative]

   Spotkajmy się o piątej po południu. ― Let's meet at five PM.

3. (used in descriptions) with, having [with locative]

   Była piękną kobietą o długich jasnych włosach. ― She was a beautiful woman with long fair hair.

   chłopiec o zielonych oczach ― a boy with green eyes; a green-eyed boy

4. on, against [with accusative]

   Nie opierajcie się o te drzwi. ― Don't lean on this door.

   Dziewczynka uderzyła głową o stół. ― The little girl hit her head on the table.

5. for [with accusative]

   Weronika poprosiła mnie wczoraj o pomoc. ― Veronica asked me for help yesterday.

   Walczyliśmy dzielnie o naszą wolność. ― We were bravely fighting for our freedom.

6. by (a difference) [with accusative]

   Spóźniła się o piętnaście minut. ― She was fifteen minutes late.

   Czuję się o wiele lepiej. ― I feel much better.

   Obniż podkład o dwa półtony. ― Lower the instrumental by two semitones.

Derived terms

particles

• o niebo

Etymology 3

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *o

Latin ō̆sl.

Old Polish o

Polish o

Inherited from Old Polish o.

Interjection

o

1. oh! expression of surprise or outrage

Particle

o

2. O... (vocative particle, used for direct address)

   O Boże! ― Oh (my) God!

3. used to draw attention, often accompanying the act or gesture of pointing

   Wyszli stamtąd, o, stamtąd! ― They came out of there, out of there!

   Masło ubija się o, tak. ― You whip the butter like that.

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), o is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 533 times in scientific texts, 598 times in news, 724 times in essays, 607 times in fiction, and 610 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 3072 times, making it the 14th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• “o”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[15] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “o”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[16] (in Polish)
• Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “o”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “o”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “o”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “O I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 18.06.2019
• “O II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 19 August 2019
• Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?)
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “o”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “o”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “o”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 429

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (letter): IPA^(key): /ˈɔ/, /ˈo/

• Audio (Brazil); /ˈɔ/:

  (file)

• (article):
  • (unstressed) IPA^(key): /u/
  • (stressed) IPA^(key): /o/
• (pronoun): IPA^(key): /u/

• Audio (Brazil):

  (file)

• Audio (Brazil (São Paulo)):

  (file)

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Letter

o m (lower case, upper case O)

2. The fifteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, called ó and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese o (compare Galician o), from Late Latin lo (compare Spanish lo) with loss of initial l, from earlier *illu, from Latin illum m, illud n, accusative singular forms of ille (“the”, “that”).

Article

o m (feminine a, masculine plural os, feminine plural as)

2. the (the definite grammatical article that shows that the noun phrase that immediately follows it is definitely identifiable...)
   1. (...because it has already been mentioned, is to be completely specified in the same sentence, or very shortly thereafter)

      Estou lendo o livro que Maria avaliou.

      I’m reading the book Mary reviewed.

   2. (...because it is presumed to be definitely known in context or from shared knowledge)
      1. (used before a noun designating something considered to be unique, or of which there is only one at a time)

         Deus salve a Rainha!

         God save the Queen!

      2. (used to indicate a certain example of (a noun) which is usually of most concern or most common or familiar)

         Me leva pro aeroporto.

         Take me to the airport.

      3. (used as an alternative to a possessive pronoun), sometimes after lhe, especially when referring to a body part, a family member, or a pet.

         O pai está viajando.

         My dad is traveling.

         (literally, “The dad is traveling.”)

         Infelizmente, um ladrão roubou-lhe o celular.

         Unfortunately, a robber stole her phone.

         (literally, “Unfortunately, a robber stole [from] her the phone.”)

      4. (colloquial) (precedes a familiar nickname or other term of address)

         Como tá a Bia hoje?

         How's the Beats today?

         "How are you today, Beats?"

      5. (used in many idiomatic expressions and proverbs to refer to common objects, roles, or situations connected with something definite, in the manner of an analogy)

         pior a emenda que o soneto

      6. (when stressed, indicates that it describes something which is considered to be best or exclusively worthy of attention)

         Esse é o hospital ideal para se realizar uma cirurgia cardíaca.

         That is the hospital to go to for heart surgery.

      7. (when stressed, used before the name of a famous person, to distinguish said person from a hypothetical lesser-known person with the same name)

         Me chamo Ivete, mas não sou a Ivete.

         My name is Ivete, but I'm not the Ivete.

      8. (used before a noun phrase beginning with superlative or comparative adjective or an ordinal number, indicating that the noun refers to a single item)

         Que o melhor homem vença.

         May the better man win.

      9. (introducing a singular term to be taken generically: preceding a name of something standing for a whole class)

         O carvalho é uma árvore grande.

         The oak is a big tree.

      10. (used with the singular or plural of a surname to indicate the entire family)

          Os Bush(es) ocupam cargos políticos há várias décadas, e os Kennedy(s) há ainda mais tempo.

          The Bushes have held political office for several decades and the Kennedys longer.

3. Makes any phrase into a substantive.
   • 2009, Bíblia Sagrada, edition Almeida Revista e Corrigida, Brazilian Bible Society, 1 Samuel 15:22

   Porém Samuel disse: Tem, porventura, o Senhor tanto prazer em holocaustos e sacrifícios, como em que se obedeça à palavra do Senhor? Eis que o obedecer é melhor do que o sacrificar; e o atender melhor é do que a gordura de carneiros.

   But Samuel said, "Does the Lord take as much pleasure in burnt offerings and sacrifices as in obeying the Lord? Behold, obeying is better than sacrificing, and heeding is better than the fat of rams."

Usage notes

For the most part, usage of the definite article in Portuguese is the same as in English. Some differences include:

• it is optionally but commonly used with abstract mass nouns:

  O amor é melhor que a guerra. ― Love is better than war.

• in Brazil, it can be optionally used with adjectival possessive pronouns, and mandatorily with substantival possessive pronouns; both are mandatory in Portugal:

  (O) meu livro é melhor que o seu. ― My book is better than yours.

• it can be used with personal names; often this indicates familiarity with the person (due to personal connection with them or because they are famous); this is avoided in formal contexts:

  (O) João foi até a cidade. ― João went to the city.

  (O) Einstein foi um cientista famoso. ― Einstein was a famous scientist.

• it is much more commonly used with placenames than it is in English; most names of countries, states, provinces and continents take the definite article, as well as a few cities:

  Eu moro no Luxemburgo. ― I live in Luxembourg.

  O Rio de Janeiro fica no Brasil. ― Rio de Janeiro is in Brazil.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

See also

Portuguese articles

	singular		plural
	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
definite article (the)	o	a	os	as
indefinite article (a, an; some)	um	uma	uns	umas

Pronoun

o m (personal)

2. him, it (as a direct object; as an indirect object, see lhe; after prepositions, see ele)
   • 2003, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix [Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix] (Harry Potter; 5), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 75:

     Não o perdoou por abandonar o serviço em vez de seguir você.

     She didn't forgive him for abandoning his service instead of following you.

   • 2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 287:

     Por que, então, ela o conduzira àquele lugar?

     Why, then, did she lead him to that place?

Usage notes

• Becomes -lo after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.

  After ver: Posso vê-lo? ― May I see him/it?

  After conheces: Conhece-lo?. ― Do you know him/it?

  After fiz: Fi-lo ficar contente. ― I made him/it become happy.

  After nos: Deu-no-lo relutantemente. ― He gave him/it to us reluctantly.

  After eis: Ei-lo! ― Behold him/it!

• Becomes -no after a nasal sound:

  Detêm-no como prisioneiro. ― They detain him/it as a prisoner.

  Põe-no aqui. ― Put him/it here.

• In the colloquial speech of most of Brazil, it is abandoned in favor of the nominative form ele.

  Eu o vi. → Eu vi ele. ― I saw him/it.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

See also

See Template:pt-personal pronouns for further pronouns.

Further reading

• “o”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “o”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Rapa Nui

FWOTD – 27 December 2012

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *o.

Particle

o

1. possessive particle marking an inalienable possession; of
   • 2008, Sharon Chester, A wildlife guide to Chile, page 15:

     Polynesians are thought to have arrived at Easter Island around AD 800. They called the island Rapa Nui, or more familiarly Te Pito o Te Henua, the Navel of the World.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

Inserted before the relevant pronoun. Only for possessions like hands or parents that do not have the ability to no longer be yours; otherwise, use a.

Etymology 2

From Spanish o (“or”).

Conjunction

o

1. or

Usage notes

Generally used in favor of complex native grammatical structures used to achieve the same ends.

Romani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. (International Standard) The nineteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax) The twentieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

Etymology 2

Article

o m sg (feminine singular i, plural e)

1. the

   o rrom ― the Romani man

   o Parìzo ― Paris

Usage notes

• The definite article is used with proper nouns (given names and place names) as well.

Declension

The definite article

number and gender	m sg	f sg	pl
nominative	o	i	e
oblique	e

References

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “o”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, pages 21, 141

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

See O.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Ăă, Ââ, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Îî, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Șș, Tt, Țț, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Etymology 2

From Latin ūna, feminine of ūnus, via an earlier form *uă, with irregular dropping of the -n- due to high frequency of usage; however, compare the Aromanian equivalent unã, which preserved it.

Article

o

1. feminine singular nominative/accusative of un: a/an (indefinite article)

   O femeie frumoasă ― A beautiful woman

Related terms

• un
• una

See also

Romanian indefinite article forms

	singular		plural
	m or n	f
nominative-accusative	un	o	niște
genitive-dative	unui	unei	unor

Etymology 3

Interjection

o

1. oh

Etymology 4

From an earlier (possibly Proto-Romanian) root *eaua, from Latin illam, accusative feminine singular of ille.

Pronoun

o f (unstressed accusative form of ea)

1. (direct object) her

   O cunoști? ― Do you know her?

   O cunoști pe Iulia? ― Do you know Iulia?

   Am văzut-o ieri la școală. ― I saw her yesterday at school.

Related terms

• îl (masculine equivalent)
• le (plural)

Etymology 5

Verb

(el/ea) o (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of vrea, used with infinitives to form presumptive tenses)

1. (he/she) might

Etymology 6

From avea.

Verb

o (modal auxiliary, ? form of avea, used with ? to form ? tenses)

1. (informal) Used to form a variant of the future tense together with the verb in the subjunctive mood.

   Synonym: vrea (as an auxiliary verb)

   O să vedem. ― We will see.

   El o să facă fasole. ― He will make beans.

Usage notes

• In the third person plural, or is sometimes used instead of o.

Samoan

Preposition

o

1. of

References

• Milner, G.B. (1993), Samoan Dictionary, Auckland: Polynesian Press, →ISBN, page 159

Sardinian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

Etymology 1

From Italian o (“or”), from Latin aut (“or”), from Proto-Italic *auti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), derived from *h₂ew (“away from, off”). Doublet of a.

Conjunction

o

1. or

Etymology 2

From Latin o (vocative particle).

Interjection

o

1. (Logudorese, Campidanese) a vocative particle; o, hey

   O Frantziscu! ― Hey, Francis!

Determiner

o

1. (Logudorese, Campidanese) used before epithets, describing the person being addressed, for emphasis; you

   Morta ti ses, o tessidora bella ― You died, you beautiful weaver

References

• Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964), “o¹”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
• Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964), “o²”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English of, from Old English af, æf (“from, off, away”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away (from)”). Compare English of.

Preposition

o

1. of

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script; preceded by n and followed by p; traditionally named oir (“gorse”).

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (À à), B b (Bh bh), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh), E e (È è), F f (Fh fh), G g (Gh gh), H h, I i (Ì ì), L l, M m (Mh mh), N n, O o (Ò ò), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th), U u (Ù ù)
• (diacritics) ◌̀
• (obsolete vowels) Á á É é Ó ó

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish ó, from Old Irish ó. Cognates include Irish ó.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/

Preposition

o (+ dative, triggers lenition, combined with the singular definite article on)

1. from

   Synonyms: à, bho

2. since

   Synonym: bho

Inflection

Personal inflection of o

	Person:		simple	emphatic
singular	first		uam	uamsa
	second		uat	uatsa
	third	m	uaithe	uaithesan
		f	uaipe	uaipese
plural	first		uainn	uainne
	second		uaibh	uaibhse
	third		uapa	uapasan

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (phoneme) /o/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O, Cyrillic equivalent о)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Serbo-Croatian alphabet (gajica), written in the Latin script; preceded by nj and followed by p.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o-, ob-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

Preposition

o (Cyrillic spelling о)

1. on, against [with accusative]

   ob(j)esiti nešto o kuku ― to hang something on a hook

   udariti glavom o zid ― to hit one's head against the wall

   ogr(ij)ešiti se o zakon ― to violate a law (literally, “to make transgression against the law”)

2. about, concerning, of, on [with locative]

   brinuti se o nekome ― to take care of somebody

   v(ij)est o katastrofi ― news about the catastrophe

   R(ij)eč je o…, radi se o… ― It's about…, this refers to…

   Napisao sam esej o ranom srednjem vijeku. ― I wrote an essay on the Early Middle Ages.

Synonyms

• (Croatia) ob

Sicilian

Etymology 1

From Latin ō (the name of the letter O).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/

Noun

o f

1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.

Etymology 2

From Latin aut.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/

Conjunction

o

1. or

   O ti manci ssa minestra o ti jetti dâ finestra.

   Either you eat soup or you throw yourself out the window.

Derived terms

• o puru

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɔː]

Preposition

o

1. eye dialect spelling of ô (“at the; to the”, masculine singular)

Etymology 4

Eye dialect of 'ô (“of the”, masculine singular), from the lenition of rhoticized, dialectal rô, from dô, from an earlier and standard dû.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɔː]

Preposition

o

1. eye dialect spelling of dû

   A fera o luni.

   The Monday market.

   (literally, “The market of the Monday.”)

   A strata o Càrminu.

   The street [of the church] of the Carmine.

Etymology 5

From the vowel reduction of vô, a dialectal form of vâ, which is the contracted form of the univerbation of va' (“to go”, second-person singular imperative) +‎ a (“to, forward”, preposition).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɔː]

Verb

o

1. eye dialect spelling of vâ (second-person singular, contracted double imperative)

   Alternative forms: vo, vô, ’o

   o caca!

   Go fuck yourself!

   (literally, “go to shit!”)

   O vidi chiḍḍu ca hâ fari!

   Go see what you have to do!.

Usage notes

• The double indicative and the double imperative are Sicilian moods built with the first conjugated element using exclusively the present tense of the verbs jiri (“to go”) or vèniri (“to come”) connected with the preposition a (“to”) to a second conjugated action wich follows the tense, the number and the person of the first verbal element.
• In the case of jiri, which is irregularly composed of the theme from Latin vādō, it may be contracted with the preposition a, depending on the dialect.

Etymology 6

From Latin ō̆ (vocative particle), probably influenced by Ancient Greek ὦ (ô, vocative particle).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɔː]

Particle

o

1. O... (vocative particle, used before a noun when addressing someone or something)

   O ma', po' vèniri cca!?

   [O] mum, would you come here!?

Related terms

• a tìa
• a tìa carù

See also

• a mìa

Etymology 7

From Latin ō̆ (interjection); expressive.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɔː]

Interjection

o

1. alternative form of oh (“oh; ah”, expression of surprise, joy or pain)

   Synonyms: bih, madonna, madò, marò, Di' ca lu fici, zu, zu lu bestia

Silesian

Etymology

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and o for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, àã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ŏ ŏ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /o/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

Slovak

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi

Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab

Proto-Slavic *o(b)

Slovak o

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/, [ɔ]
• Rhymes: -ɔ

Preposition

o

1. about, concerning [with locative]

   Synonyms: ohľadom, ohľadne

   • 1883, Pavol Dobšinský, O človeku, čo nikdy nehrešil. In: Prostonárodné slovenské povesti:

     Chudobný človek nevedel o ničom nič a najmenej o čertovi.

     The poor man did not know anything about anything and the least did he know about the devil.

2. at (indicates time) [with locative]
   • 1921, Stanislav Klíma, Kozia skala In: Povesti zo Slovenska:

     O polnoci sa Kozia skala otvorila a božská panna z jaskyne vyšla.

     Kozia skala opened at midnight and a divine virgin came out of a cave.

3. against, over, on (indicates the point of contact with another object) [with accusative]

   Synonyms: na, k, ku

   • 1955, Ladislav Nádaši-Jégé, Česť:

     Juro zhodil batoh, odopäl bajonet a praštil ho o stôl.

     Juro threw his bag down, unfastened the bayonet and slammed it against the table.

4. by, often translated with a noun accompanied by an indefinite article or a numeral (indicates measure or degree) [with accusative]
   • 1910, Ľudmila Podjavorinská, Žena:

     Oddanca prevyšuje o hlavu, on takrečeno tratí sa pri jej mocnej, na mužského upomínajúcej postave.

     She is a head taller than her fiancé, it might be said that he is disappearing next to her mighty figure resembling that of a man.

5. in, later (indicates the end of a period of time) [with accusative]

   Synonym: po

   • 1911, Jozef Gregor Tajovský, Jano Mráz:

     Už mal byť o rok posvätený, ale prišla cholera, a neúprosná smrť Ondríka skosila.

     It should have been blessed in a year, but cholera came and Ondrík was taken by merciless death.

Further reading

• “o”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/

Preposition

o

1. about, concerning [with locative]

Slovincian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔ/
• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Syllabification: o

Interjection

o

1. oh! expression of surprise or outrage

Further reading

• Lorentz, Friedrich (1908), “ǻu̯”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[17] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 8

Somba-Siawari

Noun

o

1. water
2. liquid
3. river

References

• Kaija Olkkonen, Soini Olkkonen, Somba-Siawari (Burum Mindik)—English dictionary (2007)

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/ [o]

• Audio (Spain):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: o

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Noun

o f (plural oes)

1. Name of the letter O

Derived terms

• no saber hacer la o con un canuto

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Spanish o (“or”), from Latin aut (“or”).

Alternative forms

• u (used before words beginning with an ‘o’ sound)
• ò (archaic)
• ó (obsolete, used near numbers to avoid confusion with a zero: 2 ó 3)

Conjunction

o

1. or

   ¿Quieres un café o algo más?

   Do you want a coffee or something else?

   • 2021 July 21, Juan Garzon, “Los mejores celulares Android de 2021”, in CNN en Español‎^[18], archived from the original on 17 January 2022:

     Este celular tiene una hermosa pantalla, un cuerpo que es resistente al agua (IP68), su procesador Snapdragon 888 (o Exynos 2100), con 12 GB o 16 GB de RAM, ofrece una experiencia muy fluida y es el primer celular de la serie Galaxy S que es compatible con un S Pen, el stylus de Samsung.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

• o sea

Descendants

• → Tagalog: o

Conjunction

o … o

1. either … or

   Antonym: ni … ni

Derived terms

• o bien

Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Spanish o, from Latin ubi.

Adverb

o

1. (obsolete) where

   Synonym: (modern) donde

Derived terms

• d'o
• de o
• do

Further reading

• “o”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Reduced form of go (“to go”).

Particle

o

1. Verbal marker for the future tense.

Usage notes

For purely factual statements, sa is more common. This marker is mostly used for promises, or when the anticipation carries an emotive charge, such as hope or fear. For example, “I’ll see you” is not a purely factual statement; it implies, “I hope to see you (again, some time in the future)”. In Sranan Tongo, this is then expressed as “mi o si yu”.

See also

• sa

Swedish

Pronunciation

Letter name

• IPA^(key): /uː/

Phoneme

• IPA^(key): /uː/, /ʊ/, /oː/, /ɔ/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Interjection

o

1. O (particle)

   Så låt nu, o konung, härom utfärda ett förbud och sätta upp en skrivelse

   Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing (Daniel 6:8)

Noun

o n

1. the letter o
2. the Greek letter omega, being the last letter of the Greek alphabet

   Jag är A och O, den förste och den siste, begynnelsen och änden.

   I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. (Revelations 22:13)

Declension

Declension of o

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	o	os
	definite	ot	ots
plural	indefinite	on	ons
	definite	ona	onas

Alternative forms

• o.

Conjunction

o

1. alternative form of o̲ (“&, and”)

   Synonyms: &, å

   Snyggt o prydligt.

   Neat 'n' tidy.

Usage notes

• In writing other than with standardised keyboards, e.g. handwriting and crafted lettering, it often retains its underlining; o̲.

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish o. Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English o.
• Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by the Baybayin character ᜂ (o).
• Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish o.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔo/ [ˈʔo] (letter name)
    • Rhymes: -o
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔow/ [ˈʔoʊ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet alternative)
    • Rhymes: -ow
  • IPA^(key): /o/ [o] (phoneme, stressed or unstressed)
• Syllabification: o

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. the seventeenth letter of the Filipino alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script
2. the thirteenth letter of the Abakada alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script
3. (historical) the eighteenth letter of the Abecedario, called o and written in the Latin script

See also

• (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Noun

o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ)

1. the name of the Latin script letter O/o, in the Filipino alphabet
2. the name of the Latin script letter O/o, in the Abakada alphabet
3. (historical) the name of the Latin script letter O/o, in the Abecedario

Alternative forms

• ow — Filipino alphabet letter

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) titik; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, en dyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi
• uo

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish o (“or”), from Latin aut.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔo/ [ʔo]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: o

Conjunction

o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ)

1. or

   Synonyms: o kaya, dili kaya, (inclusive, obsolete) kung

   Sasama ka ba o dito ka lang?

   Are you coming along or will you just be here?

Derived terms

• o ano

See also

• ni

Etymology 3

Compare Hokkien 乎 (hôⁿ / hô͘), English oh and Spanish oh.

Alternative forms

• oh

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔo/ [ʔo]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: o

Particle

o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ)

1. (informal) sentence-ending particle used to express warning or to catch someone's attention.

   Nandiyan na naman siya o.

   He's at it again, see?

   Ganito kasi dapat 'yan o.

   You're supposed to do it like this, you see?

See also

• ay
• oy

Interjection

o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ) (informal)

1. expression of surprise, wonder, amazement, or awe: oh!

   Hayop naman o!

   Damn it, argh!

2. used to catch someone's attention about a new topic, question, or story: so; oh!
3. used to refer to something given or offered to someone: here you are! here you go!

   Synonym: heto

   O, ang regalo ko sa'yo.

   Here, my gift for you.

Derived terms

• ows

Further reading

• “o”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

Tat

Etymology

Compare Persian آب (âb).

Noun

o

1. water

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English or.

Conjunction

o

1. or

Tokelauan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o]
• Hyphenation: o

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *o. Cognates include Hawaiian o and Samoan o.

Preposition

o

1. Marks inalienable possession; of

See also

• a

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *o. Cognates include Hawaiian ō and Samoan o.

Interjection

o

1. Answer to being called by name; yes

References

• R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[19], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 33

Tooro

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

Pronoun

-o (declinable)

1. it, they (third-person personal pronoun)

Inflection

Inflected forms of -o

Noun class	singular	plural
1/2	—	bo
3/4	gwo	yo
5/6	lyo	go
7/8	kyo	byo
9/10	yo	zo
11/10	rwo
12/14	ko	bwo
13	—	two
14/6	bwo	go
15/6	kwo
16	ho	—
17	kwo
18	mwo

See also

Tooro personal pronouns

class	person	independent	possessive	subject concord	object concord	combined forms
						na	ni
class 1	first	nyowe, nye	-ange	n-	-n-	nanyowe, nanye	ninyowe, ninye
	second	iwe	-awe	o-	-ku-	naiwe	niiwe
	third	uwe	-e	a-	-mu-	nawe	nuwe
class 2	first	itwe	-aitu	tu-	-tu-	naitwe	niitwe
	second	inywe	-anyu	mu-	-ba-	nainywe	niinywe
	third	bo	-abo	ba-	-ba-	nabo	nubo
class 3		gwo	-agwo	gu-	-gu-	nagwo	nugwo
class 4		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
class 5		lyo	-alyo	li-	-li-	nalyo	niryo
class 6		go	-ago	ga-	-ga-	nago	nugo
class 7		kyo	-akyo	ki-	-ki-	nakyo	nikyo
class 8		byo	-abyo	bi-	-bi-	nabyo	nibyo
class 9		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
class 10		zo	-azo	zi-	-zi-	nazo	nizo
class 11		rwo	-arwo	ru-	-ru-	narwo	nurwo
class 12		ko	-ako	ka-	-ka-	nako	nuko
class 13		two	-atwo	tu-	-tu-	natwo	nutwo
class 14		bwo	-abwo	bu-	-bu-	nabwo	nubwo
class 15		kwo	-akwo	ku-	-ku-	nakwo	nukwo
class 16		ho	-aho	ha-	-ha-	naho	nuho
class 17		(kwo)	N/A	ha- (...-yo)	-ha-	N/A	nukwo
class 18		(mwo)	-amwo	ha- (...-mu)	-ha-	N/A	numwo
reflexive		-enyini, -onyini	—		-e-	—

References

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[20], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 412

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish او (o), from older اول (ol). Merger of Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (ol) and [script needed] (an, “she, he, that, it”), (Old Turkic 𐰆𐰞 (ul¹) and [script needed] (an), respectively); both from Proto-Turkic *ol. Cognate with Karakhanid اُلْ (“he, she, it; that”) and Chinese 兀 (wù, “that”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

o

1. he, she, it

Declension

Declension of o

	singular	plural
nominative	o	onlar
definite accusative	onu	onları
dative	ona	onlara
locative	onda	onlarda
ablative	ondan	onlardan
genitive	onun	onların

See also

Turkish personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		ben	biz
2nd person	familiar	sen	siz
	polite	siz	sizler
3rd person		o	onlar

Pronoun

o (demonstrative)

1. that

See also

• bu
• şu
• -i
• -ı
• -ü
• -u

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) harf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz

Noun

o

1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze ^{(Category: tr:Latin letter names)}

Turkmen

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /o/, /oː/

Pronoun

o

1. alternative form of ol (“he, she, it”)

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z

Uduk

Verb

ó

1. to speak

References

• Don Killian, Topics in Uduk Phonology and Morphosyntax (2015)

Ukpet-Ehom

Pronoun

o

1. (Ubeteng, Evia) he or she (third person singular)

References

• John Muniru et al., A Sociolinguistic Profile of Five Upper Cross Language Varieties in Cross River State, Nigeria (2022), Journal of Language Survey Reports

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɔ˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɔ˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɔ˧˧]

• Audio (Hà Nội):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *ʔɔː.

Noun

o • (姑, 𪦭)

1. (North Central Vietnam) paternal aunt, father's sister
2. (North Central Vietnam) female teacher

Pronoun

o • (姑, 𪦭)

1. (North Central Vietnam) First, second, and third female personal pronoun

   O nớ rù quến ghê!

   She is so charming!

Synonyms

• cô

Related terms

• trượng, dượng

Classifier

o

1. (Thanh Hoá, Nghệ An, Hà Tĩnh) indicates a young adult woman

   o du kích nhỏ ― the little guerrilla damsel

   • 1966, Tố Hữu, “Tấm Ảnh [The Photograph]”; quoted in Trần Trung Hiếu (2023), “Gặp ‘O du kích nhỏ’ áp giải phi công Mỹ năm xưa [Meeting ‘the little guerrilla damsel’ who steered the American pilot in years past]”, in VietNamNet‎^[21]

     O du kích nhỏ giương cao súng.
     Thằng Mỹ lênh khênh bước cúi đầu.

     The little guerrilla damsel holds her rifle high.
     The tall American dude totters, his head hanging low.

   • 2007, Lã Ngọc Tỉnh, “Dấu Ấn Chiến Tranh [Marks of War]”; quoted in Trần Trung Hiếu (2023), “Gặp ‘O du kích nhỏ’ áp giải phi công Mỹ năm xưa [Meeting ‘the little guerrilla damsel’ who steered the American pilot in years past]”, in VietNamNet‎^[22]

     Chiến binh bại trận ở Việt Nam
     Bị O du kích bắt đầu hàng.

     The soldier – defeated in Vietnam –
     Was forced by the little guerrilla damsel to surrender.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Portuguese ó.

Noun

o

1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.

Related terms

• ô
• ơ

• (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, àã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ),  â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)

Etymology 3

Combining form

o

1. reduplicant of ốm, only used in ốm o

Volapük

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

Particle

o

1. vocative case particle

   O flens löfik!

   Dear friends

Welsh

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• ò (unpredictable short)
• ó (unusually stressed)
• ô (unpredictable or unusually stressed long)
• ö (indicating disyllabicity)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oː/
• Rhymes: -oː

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script; preceded by n and followed by p.

Mutation

• o cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word oren (“orange”):

Mutated forms of oren

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
oren	unchanged	unchanged	horen

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Derived terms

• (Digraph sequences) oe, oi, ou, ow, oy

See also

• (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à,  â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Πî, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
• (Latin-script letter names) llythyren; a, bi, ec, èch, di, èdd, e, èf, èff, èg, eng, aetsh, i/i dot, je, ce, el, èll, em, en, o, pi, ffi, ciw, er, rhi, ès, ti, èth, u/u bedol, fi, w, ecs, y, sèd ^{(Category: cy:Latin letter names)}

Noun

o f (plural oau)

1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.

Mutation

Mutated forms of o

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
o	unchanged	unchanged	ho

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 2

Aphetic form of efô, reinforced form of ef

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oː/, /ɔ/
• Rhymes: -oː

Pronoun

o

1. he, him

Usage notes

O is used predominantly in the north of Wales, while e is used in the south, with fo and fe as variants of o and e respectively after a vowel. In formal Welsh, the equivalent pronoun is ef.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Brythonic *ọ (stressed allomorph of *a), from Proto-Celtic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, off”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oː/, /ɔ/
• Rhymes: -oː

Preposition

o (causes soft mutation)

1. from

   Aethon ni o Gaerdydd i Abertawe.

   We went from Cardiff to Swansea.

2. of, out of (partitive)

   Roedd llawer o frain yn y coed.

   There were a lot of crows in the trees.

   Mae'r tri ohonyn nhw'n dweud celwydd.

   The three of them are lying.

3. Connects an adjective modifying another adjective (equivalent to adverb + adjective in English)

   arbennig o bwysig ― especially important

   ofnadwy o garedig ― awfully kind

4. Connects a multi-word numeral to a plural noun

   Mae pedwar deg saith o weithwyr gyda'r cwmni.

   The company has forty-seven employees.

Inflection

Personal forms (literary)

	singular	plural
first person	ohonof	ohonom
second person	ohonot	ohonoch
third person	ohono m ohoni f	ohonyn

Personal forms (colloquial)

	singular	plural
first person	ohono i/fi, ohona i, ono i	ohonon ni, onon ni
second person	ohonot ti, onot ti, ohona ti	ohonoch chi, onoch chi
third person	ohono fe/fo, ono fe/fo m ohoni hi, oni hi f	ohonyn nhw, onyn nhw

Etymology 4

Possibly a conjunctive use of Etymology 3. Compare Old Irish ó (“when”).

Alternative forms

• od (before a vowel)

Conjunction

o (causes aspirate mutation)

1. (literary) if
2. (literary) whether

Synonyms

• os

Derived terms

• oni

Wolaytta

Personal pronoun

o

1. her, for example, I saw her yesterday.

Letter

o

1. upper case O, 15th letter in Latin alphabet.

Yele

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. A letter of the Yele alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

• The digraph ⟨oo⟩ transcribes the long vowel /ɔː/
• The digraph ⟨꞉o⟩ transcribes the nasal vowel /ɔ̃/
• The trigraph ⟨꞉oo⟩ transcribes the long nasal vowel /ɔ̃ː/

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, â, b, Ch ch, D d, e, é, ê, Gh gh, i, î, j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ń ń, o, ó, P p, T t, U u, V v, W w, Y y, ꞉

Yola

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔː/

Etymology 1

From Middle English oo, an apocopic form of oon.

Alternative forms

• o'

Adjective

o

1. one

   Synonym: oan

   • 1867, “GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY“, page 45:

     O hardïshe o' anoor.

     One thing or another.

Etymology 2

From Middle English o.

Interjection

o

1. oh
   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:

     Than stalket, an gandelt, wie o! an gridane.

     Then stalked and wondered, with oh! and with grief.

Etymology 3

Preposition

o

1. alternative form of o' (“of”)
   • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:

     Aar was a gooude puddeen maate o bran.

     There was a good pudding made of bran.

   • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

     Aar was Parick o Dearmoth, an dhen score besidh,

     There was Patrick o Deormod, and ten score beside,

   • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

     An a priesth o parieshe on his garrane baun,

     The priest of the parish on his white pony,

   • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:

     Aar was a muskawn o buthther ee-laaide apan hoat shruaanès,

     There was a great heap of butter laid upon hot scraps,

   • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:

     An lea a pariesh o Kilmannan.

     And leave the parish of Kilmannan.

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, pages 45, 88 & 93

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ō/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ó/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called ó and written in the Latin script.

Noun

ó

1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
• (Benin)
• (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y

• (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ō/

Pronoun

o

1. you (second-person singular non-honorific personal pronoun)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ó/

Pronoun

ó

1. he/she/it (third-person singular non-honorific personal pronoun)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• (mid-tone): IPA^(key): /ō/
• (high-tone): IPA^(key): /ó/

Pronoun

o

1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /o/)

Pronoun

ó

1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /o/)

See also

Yoruba personal pronouns

		subject		object1	emphatic
		affirmative	negative
singular	1st person	mo	n̄ / mi	mi	èmi
	2nd person	o		ọ / ẹ	ìwọ
	3rd person	ó	[pronoun dropped]	[preceding vowel repeated for mono­syllabic verbs] / ẹ̀	òun
plural	1st person	a		wa	àwa
	2nd person	ẹ		yín	ẹ̀yin
	3rd person	wọ́n	wọn	wọn	àwọn

¹ Except for yín, object pronouns have a high tone following a low or mid tone monosyllabic verb, and a mid tone following a high tone. For complex verbs, the tone does not change.

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ō/

Interjection

o

1. Used at the end of sentences to emphasize a statement.

   ẹ ṣeun o ― thank you!

Alternative forms

• oo, ooo etc. (depending on the amount of emphasis)

Etymology 6

Clipping of kò.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ò/

Particle

ò

1. not (placed before a verb to negate it, frequently used after personal pronouns)

Etymology 7

Clipping of wò.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ò/

Verb

ò

1. (Ekiti) alternative form of wò (“to look at”)

   mò í ò ẹ ― I am looking at you!!

Zaghawa

Noun

o

1. a living person

References

• Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad

Zazaki

Pronoun

o

1. he

See also

Zazaki personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		ez mı	ma
2nd person	familiar	tı to	şıma
	polite	şıma
3rd person		o a	ê

Pronoun

o (demonstrative)

1. that

Zhuang

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /ʔo˨˦/
• Tone numbers: o¹
• Hyphenation: o

Etymology 1

Expressive.

Interjection

o (1957–1982 spelling o)

1. Used to express compliance to a request; okay; sure
2. Used to express realization or understanding; oh

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

o (Sawndip forms 嗬 or 荷 or ⿰目荷, 1957–1982 spelling o)

1. (dialectal, including Wuming) blue

   Synonym: lamz

Zou

Alternative forms

• àw

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʔō]
• Hyphenation: o

Particle

o

1. Vocative particle; O

References

• Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 158
• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, page 59

Zulu

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.