User:LokiClock/Basic Japanese checklist

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This is a personal copy of Appendix:1000 Japanese basic words made to help keep track of my vocabulary progress.

Legend:

  • M - Memorized
  • R - Review
  • W - Word (alone - memorized)
  • K - Kanji (alone - memorized)
  • 1 - Heard a few times
  • 2 - Distinctly familiar

Nouns

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People

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Body

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Family

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Life

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Animals

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Crops

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Time & Space

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Directions & Positions

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Materials

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Weights and Measures

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Society

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Man made objects

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Home

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Tools

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Stationery

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Clothes

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Transport

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Language

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Colors

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Others

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Numbers

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Abstract Nouns

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Adjectives

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Forms

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Feelings

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Verbs

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Existence

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Movement

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Actions

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Sensations

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Speech

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Work

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Emotions

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Activities

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Adverbs

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Pre-noun adjectival

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Interjections

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Conjunctions

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Terminations of verbs

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  • う よう - Volitional ending (う for u-verbs, よう for ru-verbs): "Let's..." or "I will"
  • せる させる- Causative ending (せる for u-verbs, させる for ru-verbs): to make (someone do something) or to allow.
  • れる られる Passive verb ending (れる for u-verbs, られる for ru-verbs): To be verbed (eg. 食べられる, "to be eaten")
  • そうだ Indicates that it *seems* the verb occurs (It seems he ate, etc.)
  • た - informal past-tense
  • たい - Indicates desire to perform verb
  • だろう - Indicates that it *seems* the verb occurs; also used to ask whether the verb occurs
  • ない, ん - Informal negative (ん is a slurred version and sounds a little masculine)
  • ぬ - Archaic informal negative
  • ます - Formal non-past ending

Particles

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Case

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  • M - が - subject marker, but
  • から - from
  • で - at, by
  • 1 - と - and, with
  • に - indirect object marker
  • M - の - possession marker, of
  • 1 - へ - to (e)
  • まで - to
  • より - than
  • を - direct object marker (o)

Binding

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  • M - は - topic marker (wa)
  • 2 - も - as well
  • 1 - や - and

Conjunctive

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Final

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  • 1 - ね emphasis and question marker. equivalent to "right?"
  • 2 - か question marker
  • 2 - な the copula particle used after quasi-adjectives
  • かしら I wonder
  • さ -ness
  • っけ particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information (what class is next -kke?)

Adverbial

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